Timeline/Fourth Age: Difference between revisions
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| [[Fourth Age 1|1]] || 1422 || The Fourth Age begins in the reckoning of the Shire.<ref name="Chief">{{App|Chief}}</ref> | | [[Fourth Age 1|1]] || 1422 || The Fourth Age begins in the reckoning of the Shire.<ref name="Chief">{{App|Chief}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 2|2]] || 1423 || Death of [[Adelard Took]].<ref name="C2">{{App|C2}}</ref> [[Frodo Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 2|2]] || 1423 || Death of [[Adelard Took]].<ref name="C2">{{App|C2}}</ref> Birth of [[Frodo Gardner]].<ref name="C4">{{App|C4}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 4|4]] || 1425 || [[Rose Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 4|4]] || 1425 || Birth of [[Rose Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
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| [[Fourth Age 6|6]] || 1427 || [[Will Whitfoot]] resigns and [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] is elected Mayor.<ref name="B5">{{App|B5}}</ref> [[Merry Gardner]] born.<ref name="C4"/> Peregrin Took marries [[Diamond of Long Cleeve]].<ref name="B5"/><br>King Elessar issues an edict that Men are not to enter the [[Drúadan Forest]] and Shire, and he makes it a Free Land under the protection of the Northern Sceptre.<ref name="B5"/> | | [[Fourth Age 6|6]] || 1427 || [[Will Whitfoot]] resigns and [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] is elected Mayor.<ref name="B5">{{App|B5}}</ref> [[Merry Gardner]] born.<ref name="C4"/> [[Peregrin Took]] marries [[Diamond of Long Cleeve]].<ref name="B5"/><br>King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] issues an edict that [[Men]] are not to enter the [[Drúadan Forest]] and [[The Shire|Shire]], and he makes it a Free Land under the protection of the Northern Sceptre.<ref name="B5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 7|7]] || 1428 || Death of [[Gaffer Gamgee]].<ref name="C4"/> | | [[Fourth Age 7|7]] || 1428 || Death of [[Gaffer Gamgee]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
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| [[Fourth Age 8|8]] || 1429 || [[Pippin Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 8|8]] || 1429 || Birth of [[Pippin Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 9|9]] || 1430 || [[Faramir Took I]] | | [[Fourth Age 9|9]] || 1430 || Birth of [[Faramir Took I]] son of [[Peregrin Took]].<ref name="C2"/> Deaths of [[Merimac Brandybuck]]<ref name="C3"/> and [[Vigo Boffin]].<ref name="C6">{{App|C6}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 10|10]] || 1431 || [[Goldilocks Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 10|10]] || 1431 || Birth of [[Goldilocks Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> Death of [[Odovacar Bolger]].<ref name="C5">{{App|C5}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 11|11]] || 1432 || Death of the [[Saradoc Brandybuck]].<ref name="C3">{{App|C3}}</ref> Meriadoc becomes [[Master of Buckland]] and great gifts are sent to him by King Éomer and Lady Éowyn of Ithilien.<ref name="B5"/> [[Hamfast Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 11|11]] || 1432 || Death of the [[Saradoc Brandybuck]].<ref name="C3">{{App|C3}}</ref> Meriadoc becomes [[Master of Buckland]] and great gifts are sent to him by King [[Éomer]] and Lady [[Éowyn]] of [[Ithilien]].<ref name="B5"/> Birth of [[Hamfast Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 12|12]] || 1433 || [[Daisy Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 12|12]] || 1433 || Birth of [[Daisy Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 13|13]] || 1434 || Death of [[Paladin Took II]].<ref name="C2"/> [[Peregrin Took]] becomes the [[Thain]] and King Elessar makes the Thain, the Master of Buckland and the Mayor to be Counsellors of the North-kingdom.<ref name="B5"/> [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the second time.<ref name="B5"/> | | [[Fourth Age 13|13]] || 1434 || Death of [[Paladin Took II]].<ref name="C2"/> [[Peregrin Took]] becomes the [[Thain]] and King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] makes the Thain, the Master of Buckland and the Mayor to be Counsellors of the North-kingdom.<ref name="B5"/> [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the second time.<ref name="B5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 14|14]] || 1435 || Death of [[Olo Proudfoot]].<ref name="C1">{{App|C1}}</ref> [[Primrose Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 14|14]] || 1435 || Death of [[Olo Proudfoot]].<ref name="C1">{{App|C1}}</ref>Birth of [[Primrose Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 15|15]] || 1436 || King Elessar rides north and dwells for a while in [[Annúminas]] by Lake Evendim. He comes to the [[Brandywine Bridge]], and there greets his friends. He gives the [[Star of the Dúnedain]] to Master Samwise, and [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]] is made a maid of honour to [[Arwen|Queen Arwen]].<ref name="B5"/> <br>Death of [[Glóin]].<ref name="A3"/> [[Bilbo Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 15|15]] || 1436 || King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] rides north and dwells for a while in [[Annúminas]] by [[Lake Evendim]]. He comes to the [[Brandywine Bridge]], and there greets his friends. He gives the [[Star of the Dúnedain]] to Master [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], and [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]] is made a maid of honour to [[Arwen|Queen Arwen]].<ref name="B5"/> <br>Death of [[Glóin]].<ref name="A3"/>Birth of [[Bilbo Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 17|17]] || 1438 || [[Ruby Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 17|17]] || 1438 || Birth of [[Ruby Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 19|19]] || 1440 || [[Robin Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 19|19]] || 1440 || Birth of [[Robin Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> Death of [[Farmer Cotton]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
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| [[Fourth Age 20|20]] || 1441 || [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the third time.<ref name="B5"/> | | [[Fourth Age 20|20]] || 1441 || [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the third time.<ref name="B5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 21|21]] || 1442 || [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], [[Rose Cotton|Rose]] and [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]] ride to [[Gondor]]; Master Tolman Cotton acts as deputy Mayor.<ref name="B5"/> [[Tolman Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 21|21]] || 1442 || [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], [[Rose Cotton|Rose]] and [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]] ride to [[Gondor]]; Master [[Tolman Cotton Junior|Tolman Cotton]] acts as deputy Mayor.<ref name="B5"/>Birth of [[Tolman Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Fourth Age 22|22]] || 1443 || [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], [[Rose Cotton|Rose]] and [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]] leave Gondor.<ref name="B5"/> Death of [[Filibert Bolger]]<ref name="C5"/> | |[[Fourth Age 22|22]] || 1443 || [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], [[Rose Cotton|Rose]] and [[Elanor Gardner|Elanor]] leave [[Gondor]].<ref name="B5"/> Death of [[Filibert Bolger]].<ref name="C5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 27|27]] || 1448 || [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the fourth time.<ref name="B5"/> | | [[Fourth Age 27|27]] || 1448 || [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the fourth time.<ref name="B5"/> | ||
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| [[Fourth Age 31|31]] || 1452 || The [[Westmarch]] becomes a part of [[the Shire]] by the gift of the King. Many hobbits remove to it.<ref name="B5"/> | | [[Fourth Age 31|31]] || 1452 || The [[Westmarch]] becomes a part of [[the Shire]] by the gift of the King. Many hobbits remove to it.<ref name="B5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 33|33]] || 1454 || [[Elfstan Fairbairn]] | | [[Fourth Age 33|33]] || 1454 || Birth of [[Elfstan Fairbairn]] son of Fastred and Elanor.<ref name="B5"/> | ||
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| [[Fourth Age 34|34]] || 1455 || Death of [[Imrahil]]. [[Elphir]] becomes [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref name="Elendil-221"/><br>Fastred and Elanor make their dwelling at [[Undertowers]] on the Tower Hills, where their descendants, the [[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairns of the Towers]], | | [[Fourth Age 34|34]] || 1455 || Death of [[Imrahil]]. [[Elphir]] becomes [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref name="Elendil-221"/><br>Fastred and Elanor make their dwelling at [[Undertowers]] on the Tower Hills, where their descendants, the [[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairns of the Towers]], dwell for many generations.<ref name="B5"/><br>[[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the fifth time. At his request the [[Thain]] makes Fastred [[Warden of Westmarch]].<ref name="B5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 41|41]] || 1462 || [[Holfast Gardner]] | | [[Fourth Age 41|41]] || 1462 || Birth of [[Holfast Gardner]].<ref name="C4"/><br>[[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] elected Mayor for the sixth time.<ref name="B5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 42|42]] || 1463 || [[Faramir Took I]] weds [[Goldilocks Gardner]].<ref name="B5"/> | | [[Fourth Age 42|42]] || 1463 || [[Faramir Took I]] weds [[Goldilocks Gardner]].<ref name="B5"/> | ||
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| [[Fourth Age 55|55]] || 1476 || [[Samwise Gamgee]] ends his seventh and last term as [[Mayor of Michel Delving]].<ref name="B5"/> | | [[Fourth Age 55|55]] || 1476 || [[Samwise Gamgee]] ends his seventh and last term as [[Mayor of Michel Delving]].<ref name="B5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 61|61]] || 1482 || Death of [[Rose Cotton|Rose Gamgee]] on Midyear's Day.<ref name="B5"/><br>On September | | [[Fourth Age 61|61]] || 1482 || Death of [[Rose Cotton|Rose Gamgee]] on Midyear's Day.<ref name="B5"/><br>On [[22 September]] [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] rides out from [[Bag End]] and he comes to the [[Tower Hills]], where he is last seen by [[Elanor]]. He gives her the [[Red Book of Westmarch|Red Book]] afterwards kept by the [[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairns]]. Samwise passes the Towers, goes to the [[Grey Havens]] and passed over the [[Belegaer|Sea]], last of the Ring-bearers.<ref name="B5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 63|63]] || 1484 || | | [[Fourth Age 63|63]] || 1484 || [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Peregrin Took]] depart from [[the Shire]] and travel into the south. [[Faramir Took I]] succeeds his father [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin]] as [[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]. [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc]] comes to [[Edoras]] and is with King [[Éomer]] before he dies in the autumn. Then he and [[Thain]] [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin]] come to [[Gondor]] and pass what short years were left to them in that realm, until they die and were laid in [[Rath Dínen]] among the great of [[Gondor]].<ref name="B5"/> [[Elfwine]] becomes [[King of Rohan]].<ref name="A2">{{App|A2}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 67|67]] || 1488 || Death of Prince [[Elphir]]. [[Alphros]] becomes Prince of Dol Amroth.<ref name="Elendil-223"/> | | [[Fourth Age 67|67]] || 1488 || Death of Prince [[Elphir]]. [[Alphros]] becomes [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref name="Elendil-223"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 80|80]] || 1501 || [[Harding of the Hill]] (Harding Gardner) | | [[Fourth Age 80|80]] || 1501 || Birth of [[Harding of the Hill]] (Harding Gardner).<ref name="C4"/> | ||
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| [[Fourth Age 82|82]] || 1503 || Death of [[Faramir]].<ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> [[Elboron]] becomes [[Prince of Ithilien]] and Steward of the Reunited Kingdom.<ref name="Elendil-221">{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 221</ref> | | [[Fourth Age 82|82]] || 1503 || Death of [[Faramir]].<ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> [[Elboron]] becomes [[Prince of Ithilien]] and Steward of the Reunited Kingdom.<ref name="Elendil-221">{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 221</ref> | ||
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| [[Fourth Age 95|95]] || 1516 || Death of [[Alphros]].<ref name="Elendil-223">{{PM|Elendil}}, p 223</ref> | | [[Fourth Age 95|95]] || 1516 || Death of [[Alphros]].<ref name="Elendil-223">{{PM|Elendil}}, p 223</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 120|120]] || 1541 || March | | [[Fourth Age 120|120]] || 1541 || [[1 March]]: King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] dies. It is said that the beds of [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc]] and [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin]] are set beside the bed of the great king. [[Eldarion]] becomes King of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]].<ref name="B5"/><br>[[Legolas]] builds a grey ship in [[Ithilien]], and with [[Gimli]] sails down [[Anduin]] and so over the [[Belegaer|Sea]]. End in [[Middle-earth]] of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]].<ref name="B5"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 121|121]] || 1542 || Death of [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] in Lórien.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref> | | [[Fourth Age 121|121]] || 1542 || Death of [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] in [[Lothlórien|Lórien]].<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Fourth Age 171|171]] || 1592 || A copy of the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] is completed in [[Gondor]] by [[Findegil]], the [[King's Writer]].<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref> | | [[Fourth Age 171|171]] || 1592 || A copy of the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] is completed in [[Gondor]] by [[Findegil]], the [[King's Writer]].<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 00:04, 1 February 2018
| Fourth Age | ||
|---|---|---|
| Fo.A. | S.R. | Events |
| 1 | 1422 | The Fourth Age begins in the reckoning of the Shire.[1] |
| 2 | 1423 | Death of Adelard Took.[2] Birth of Frodo Gardner.[3] |
| 4 | 1425 | Birth of Rose Gardner.[3] |
| 6 | 1427 | Will Whitfoot resigns and Samwise is elected Mayor.[4] Merry Gardner born.[3] Peregrin Took marries Diamond of Long Cleeve.[4] King Elessar issues an edict that Men are not to enter the Drúadan Forest and Shire, and he makes it a Free Land under the protection of the Northern Sceptre.[4] |
| 7 | 1428 | Death of Gaffer Gamgee.[3] |
| 8 | 1429 | Birth of Pippin Gardner.[3] |
| 9 | 1430 | Birth of Faramir Took I son of Peregrin Took.[2] Deaths of Merimac Brandybuck[5] and Vigo Boffin.[6] |
| 10 | 1431 | Birth of Goldilocks Gardner.[3] Death of Odovacar Bolger.[7] |
| 11 | 1432 | Death of the Saradoc Brandybuck.[5] Meriadoc becomes Master of Buckland and great gifts are sent to him by King Éomer and Lady Éowyn of Ithilien.[4] Birth of Hamfast Gardner.[3] |
| 12 | 1433 | Birth of Daisy Gardner.[3] |
| 13 | 1434 | Death of Paladin Took II.[2] Peregrin Took becomes the Thain and King Elessar makes the Thain, the Master of Buckland and the Mayor to be Counsellors of the North-kingdom.[4] Samwise elected Mayor for the second time.[4] |
| 14 | 1435 | Death of Olo Proudfoot.[8]Birth of Primrose Gardner.[3] |
| 15 | 1436 | King Elessar rides north and dwells for a while in Annúminas by Lake Evendim. He comes to the Brandywine Bridge, and there greets his friends. He gives the Star of the Dúnedain to Master Samwise, and Elanor is made a maid of honour to Queen Arwen.[4] Death of Glóin.[9]Birth of Bilbo Gardner.[3] |
| 17 | 1438 | Birth of Ruby Gardner.[3] |
| 19 | 1440 | Birth of Robin Gardner.[3] Death of Farmer Cotton.[3] |
| 20 | 1441 | Samwise elected Mayor for the third time.[4] |
| 21 | 1442 | Samwise, Rose and Elanor ride to Gondor; Master Tolman Cotton acts as deputy Mayor.[4]Birth of Tolman Gardner.[3] |
| 22 | 1443 | Samwise, Rose and Elanor leave Gondor.[4] Death of Filibert Bolger.[7] |
| 27 | 1448 | Samwise elected Mayor for the fourth time.[4] |
| 30 | 1451 | Elanor Gardner weds Fastred of Greenholm on the Far Downs.[4] |
| 31 | 1452 | The Westmarch becomes a part of the Shire by the gift of the King. Many hobbits remove to it.[4] |
| 33 | 1454 | Birth of Elfstan Fairbairn son of Fastred and Elanor.[4] |
| 34 | 1455 | Death of Imrahil. Elphir becomes Prince of Dol Amroth.[10] Fastred and Elanor make their dwelling at Undertowers on the Tower Hills, where their descendants, the Fairbairns of the Towers, dwell for many generations.[4] Samwise elected Mayor for the fifth time. At his request the Thain makes Fastred Warden of Westmarch.[4] |
| 41 | 1462 | Birth of Holfast Gardner.[3] Samwise elected Mayor for the sixth time.[4] |
| 42 | 1463 | Faramir Took I weds Goldilocks Gardner.[4] |
| 48 | 1469 | Samwise becomes Mayor for seventh and final time.[4] |
| 55 | 1476 | Samwise Gamgee ends his seventh and last term as Mayor of Michel Delving.[4] |
| 61 | 1482 | Death of Rose Gamgee on Midyear's Day.[4] On 22 September Samwise rides out from Bag End and he comes to the Tower Hills, where he is last seen by Elanor. He gives her the Red Book afterwards kept by the Fairbairns. Samwise passes the Towers, goes to the Grey Havens and passed over the Sea, last of the Ring-bearers.[4] |
| 63 | 1484 | Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took depart from the Shire and travel into the south. Faramir Took I succeeds his father Peregrin as Thain of the Shire. Meriadoc comes to Edoras and is with King Éomer before he dies in the autumn. Then he and Thain Peregrin come to Gondor and pass what short years were left to them in that realm, until they die and were laid in Rath Dínen among the great of Gondor.[4] Elfwine becomes King of Rohan.[11] |
| 67 | 1488 | Death of Prince Elphir. Alphros becomes Prince of Dol Amroth.[12] |
| 80 | 1501 | Birth of Harding of the Hill (Harding Gardner).[3] |
| 82 | 1503 | Death of Faramir.[13] Elboron becomes Prince of Ithilien and Steward of the Reunited Kingdom.[10] |
| 91 | 1512 | Apparent death of Dwalin at 340 years of age.[9] |
| 95 | 1516 | Death of Alphros.[12] |
| 120 | 1541 | 1 March: King Elessar dies. It is said that the beds of Meriadoc and Peregrin are set beside the bed of the great king. Eldarion becomes King of Gondor and Arnor.[4] Legolas builds a grey ship in Ithilien, and with Gimli sails down Anduin and so over the Sea. End in Middle-earth of the Fellowship of the Ring.[4] |
| 121 | 1542 | Death of Arwen Undómiel in Lórien.[14] |
| 171 | 1592 | A copy of the Red Book of Westmarch is completed in Gondor by Findegil, the King's Writer.[15] |
| 185 | 1606 | Death of Harding of the Hill, Samwise Gamgee's heir.[16]:115 |
| 220 | 1641 | The New Shadow arises.[17] |
| ??? | ??? | Durin VII retakes Moria. |
References
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Chief Days from the Fall of Barad-dûr to the End of the Third Age"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix C, "Took of Great Smials"
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix C, "The Longfather-tree of Master Samwise"
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "Later Events Concerning the Members of the Fellowship of the Ring"
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix C, "Brandybuck of Buckland"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix C, "Boffin of the Yale"
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix C, "Bolger of Budgeford"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix C, "Baggins of Hobbiton"
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "Durin's Folk"
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "VII. The Heirs of Elendil", p. 221
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The House of Eorl"
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "VII. The Heirs of Elendil", p 223
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "The Realms in Exile", "The Southern Line: Heirs of Anarion"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, "Prologue", "Note on the Shire Records"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "III. The Family Trees"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "XVI. The New Shadow", p. 420
