The Tree of Tongues

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The Tree of Tongues is a sketch by J.R.R. Tolkien found in the chapter "The Lhammas" of The Lost Road and Other Writings. It shows the relationship between the multitude of languages described in that section of the book.

The later revisions of the legendarium show a considerably different and a bit simplified history of the languages. For example, we know from The Silmarillion that the Elvish languages do not descent from Valarin, taught to them by Oromë, but from Primitive Quendian, spoken before Oromë found the Elves.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valarin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Languages of the Calquendi
 
 
Oromë
 
Aulë
 
 
 
Melko
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
languages of the Quendi
 
Khuzdul
 
 
 
Orcish languages
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lemberin
 
 
Tongues of Man
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eldarin
 
Ilkorendi
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Danian
 
Taliska
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LindarinNoldorinTelerinOssiriandeb
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Qenya
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ilkorin
 
 
 
Doriathian
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Falathien
 
 
 
LindarinKorlambë
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noldorin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Orthinian
 
 
Gondolin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eldarin (in Valinor)Telerin (in Valinor)
 
 
 
Noldorin (in Tol Eressëa)
 
 
 
Gnomish