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<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:John Howe - Numenor.png|250px]]<br />
| name=Númenor<br />
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈnuːmenor]}}<br />
| othernames=Westernesse, ''Númenórë'', ''Andor'', ''Anadûnê''<br />
| location=In [[Belegaer]], between [[Middle-earth]] and [[Aman]]<br />
| capital=[[Armenelos]]<br />
| towns=[[Andúnië]], [[Eldalondë]], [[Rómenna]], [[Ondosto]], [[Nindamos]]<br />
| regions=[[Forostar]], [[Andustar]], [[Hyarnustar]], [[Hyarrostar]], [[Orrostar]], [[Mittalmar]], [[Emerië]], [[Nísimaldar]]<br />
| population=Primarily [[Númenóreans]] (Few [[Drúedain]] briefly lived on the island)<br />
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Númenor|King]]/[[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Queen]]<br />
| govern2=[[Council of the Sceptre]]<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=[[Three Prayers]]:<br />[[Erukyermë]], [[Erulaitalë]], [[Eruhantalë]]<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|32}}<br />
| event2=Destroyed<br />
| event2date={{SA|3319}}<br />
| event3=<br />
| event3date=<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=[[Arnor]], [[Gondor]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Númenor''' or '''Númenórë''', known in the [[Westron|Common Speech]] as '''[[Westernesse]]''' and in [[Adûnaic]] as '''[[Anadûnê]]''', was one of the names of the isle of [[Elenna]], which was raised from the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] by the [[Valar]] in the beginning of the [[Second Age]]. While strictly speaking the term ''Númenor'' referred to the realm established on the island, it was more often used as a synonym of the land itself. Númenor was one of the most powerful realms of the Second Age, and its people, called [[Númenóreans]], as well as their descendants, had considerable influence on the events of the [[Third Age]].<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
{{main|Elenna}}<br />
The island of Númenor had a shape of a 5-point star, each point having its own unique geological and physical features: [[Forostar]], [[Andustar]], [[Hyarnustar]], [[Hyarrostar]] and [[Orrostar]].<br />
<br />
The central region was named [[Mittalmar]] and in its center stood the holy mountain [[Meneltarma]]<br />
<br />
Númenor had only two rivers: [[Siril]] and [[Nunduinë]].<br />
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Cities built by the Númenóreans were [[Armenelos]], [[Andúnië]], [[Nindamos]], [[Eldalondë]] and [[Almaida]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
[[File:Jef Murray - The Land of Gift.jpg|thumb|''The Land of Gift'' by [[Jef Murray]]]]<br />
{{seealso|Númenóreans#Origins}}<br />
Númenor was the kingdom of the [[Dúnedain]], located on an island in the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]], between Middle-earth and [[Aman]]. The land was brought up from the sea by [[Ulmo]] as a gift to the [[Edain]] for their part in the war against [[Morgoth]].<ref name=akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> It was also called ''Elenna'' ("Starwards") because the Edain were led to it by the [[Star of Eärendil]], and because the island was in the shape of a five-pointed star. The first ships of the Edain arrived at the island in {{SA|32}}, [[Elros]] son of [[Eärendil]] was the first [[King of Númenor]], taking the name of [[Elros|Tar-Minyatur]] ("First King").<ref name=APSA>{{App|SA}}</ref> The majority of the Edain gradually migrated to the island in the next fifty years<ref>{{PM|V}}, §5</ref> and the [[Drúedain]] refugees who dwelt at the [[Mouths of Sirion]] before the sinking of [[Beleriand]] were permitted to join them.<ref name=Druedain>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Elves of [[Tol Eressëa]] visited the island and brought many gifts such as birds and plants and they shared their lore and skills to the Men. The descendants of the Edain rose to become a powerful race of Men, the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
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===Return to Middle-earth===<br />
The Númenóreans were forbidden by the Valar from sailing so far westward that Númenor was no longer visible, for fear that they would come upon the [[Undying Lands]], from which Men were [[Ban of the Valar|barred]]. They tried to compensate for this by going eastward and they reached the shores of Middle-earth in {{SA|600}}.<ref name=APSA/> They sailed through the [[Gulf of Lhûn]] and arrived in [[Lindon]] and was welcomed by [[Gil-galad]] and an alliance between Númenor and the [[Elves of Lindon]] was formed.<ref name=UTAE3>{{UT|4}}, Note 3</ref> The Númenóreans made contact with the [[Middle Men|Men of Eriador]] teaching them several crafts, instructed them and helped free them from the [[Shadow]] which they have been under for centuries.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
In {{SA|750}} the [[Guild of Venturers]] was established by [[Aldarion]], son of the king [[Tar-Meneldur]], to facilitate the growing interest of seafaring in Númenor.<ref name>{{UT|4}}, Notes, Chronology</ref> Aldarion built the haven [[Vinyalondë]], situated in the mouth of the river [[Gwathló]] in between great forests in the north and south. The native people of [[Minhiriath]] and [[Enedwaith]] tolerated the Númenórean presence in the area until they began cutting the trees for timber and hostility grew between the two peoples.<ref name=UTLD>{{UT|6d}}</ref><br />
<br />
===War with Sauron===<br />
{{seealso|War of the Elves and Sauron}}<br />
In {{SA|882}} Tar-Meneldur received a [[Gil-galad's letter|letter]] from Gil-galad warning of a new shadow, rising in the East declaring that a [[Sauron|servant]] of [[Morgoth]] was behind it and asked for aid to defend Eriador when the time comes. Tar-Meneldur was disturbed by this letter and in his wisdom resigned the [[Sceptre of Númenor|Sceptre]] to his son knowing that he had better understanding of what was transpiring in the [[Great Lands]] due to the many years he spent abroad.<ref name=Aldarion>{{UT|Aldarion}}</ref> Tar-Aldarion returned to Middle-earth in earnest to continue his work and Númenor began preparation for war.<ref name=CGC>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref><br />
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About {{SA|1200}}, Númenóreans began establishing permanent settlements in Middle-earth.<ref name=APSA/> These settlements were later under attacked by raiders sent from Sauron as he drew closer to invading Eriador, though they were unable to destroy the havens and forts and their assaults consisted of disrupting their lumber industry.<ref name=UTLD/><br />
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In {{SA|1695}}, Sauron launched his [[War of the Elves and Sauron|invasion]] of Eriador<ref name=APSA/> and Gil-galad sent word to Númenor for aid. [[Tar-Minastir]] sent a great navy but was delayed and only reached the the coasts of Middle-earth in {{SA|1700}} and by that time Eriador was mostly ruined. The Númenóreans and Elves defeated the forces of Sauron in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]] and Sauron was driven out of Eriador and there was peace in the [[Westlands]].<ref name=CGC/><br />
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===Shadow over Númenor===<br />
[[File:Tolrone - Numenor (2).jpg|thumb|''Númenor'' by [[:Category:Images by Tolrone|Tolrone]]]]<br />
The might of Númenor was revealed during the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] and soon the Númenóreans became too proud and desired more wealth and power. About {{SA|1800|}} they established dominions on the shores of Middle-earth becoming a brutal maritime empire that had no rival.<ref name=APSA/> They demanded tribute from the lesser peoples which they had liberated and taught and were now oppressed.<br />
<br />
In Númenor there was growing discontent about the [[Ban of the Valar]], questioning the [[Gift of Men]] and becoming envious of the immortality of the Eldar, they longed for [[Eldamar]] which they saw only from a distance.<ref name=APNK>{{App|A1i}}</ref> Fearing death, they tried to gain some immortality in riches and ornate tombs. This occurred during the reigns of [[Tar-Ciryatan]] and his son [[Tar-Atanamir]], it was the latter that started to speak openly against the Valar and many Númenóreans followed his teachings.<ref name=Line>{{UT|Kings}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Division===<br />
In {{SA|2251}} during the reign of [[Tar-Ancalimon]] the Men of Númenor were split into two factions, the larger following were called the [[King's Men]], they followed the king and abandoned the Elven customs and languages. The other was the [[Faithful]] that remained loyal to the Valar and friendly to the Elves.<ref name=APNK/><br />
<br />
The King's Men fortified Umbar in {{SA|2280}} and from there they began to dominate [[Harad]] and extend their dominions in the south. Even [[Sauron]] was afraid of them and retreated from those lands. The Faithful built [[Pelargir]] in {{SA|2350}} and used it as their chief haven.<ref name=APSA/><br />
<br />
In {{SA|2899}} [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]] took the Sceptre<ref name=APSA/> and became the first king to choose a [[Adûnaic]] title and not in [[Quenya]].<ref name=Line/> During his reign the Faithful were persecuted and the Elven-tongue were no longer used or taught in Númenor. Elves seldom sailed to the island now unless in secret.<br />
<br />
The Faithful remained in [[Andúnië]] and the Faithful [[Lords of Andúnië]], because of their noble heritage, still had some gravity in the meetings of nobles. However, in the 32nd century [[Ar-Gimilzôr]] forced them to relocate to [[Rómenna]], and the haven was closed to the Elven visitors. Many of them would decamp to Middle-earth to remain among the Eldar.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
===Civil War===<br />
[[File:Matěj Čadil - The Eagles of the lords of the Valar.jpg|left|thumb|''The Eagles of the lords of the Valar'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]<br />
Under the reign of [[Tar-Palantir]], he briefly attempted to cast the Shadow back and reunite the people with the Elves and the Valar, but was unable to appease the Valar during his lifetime and no ship came ever again from the west. The Faithful for some time had peace in the island but the policies of the king were met with opposition by his brother [[Gimilkhâd]] who took leadership of the King's Men. Tar-Palantir prophesied that when the [[Nimloth (tree)|White Tree]] died the line of Kings would perish also.<ref name=Line/><br />
<br />
Gimilkhâd had a son, [[Pharazôn]] who was a mighty Númenórean lord spending many years abroad fighting in wars seeking to extend the dominion of Númenor in Middle-earth and was a renowned captain on land and sea.<ref name=akallabeth/> After hearing the news of his father's death in {{SA|3243}} he returned to Númenor and took leadership of the King's Men and led a rebellion against his uncle Tar-Palantir.<ref name=APSA/><br />
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When Tar-Palantir died he had no male heir only a daughter [[Míriel]]. She was posed to succeed her father but Pharazôn usurped the Sceptre and forced her into marriage against her will and against the laws of Númenor which prohibited first cousins from marrying, he proclaimed himself Ar-Pharazôn the Golden and changed the name of Míriel to Ar-Zimraphel.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
===Sauron===<br />
In {{SA|3261}} [[Ar-Pharazôn]] sailed to Middle-earth to defeat a resurgent Sauron. Seeing the might of Númenor, Sauron submitted to the king's authority, and he was brought back to Númenor as a hostage. By that time, however, the Drúedain of Númenor had sensed a coming darkness and all of them had abandoned the island for Middle-earth.<ref name=Druedain/> Sauron soon became an adviser to the King as Tar-[[Sauron|Mairon]], and promised the Númenóreans eternal life if they worshipped [[Morgoth|Melkor]]. Under the counsel of Sauron the Númenóreans became even more warlike, hunting the Men of Middle-earth and enslaving them, Ar-Pharazôn had a five hundred feet temple to Melkor erected, in which the enslaved Men were sacrificed.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
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During this time, the white tree Nimloth the Fair, whose fate was said to be tied to the line of kings, was chopped down and burned as a sacrifice to Melkor. Risking his life, [[Isildur]] rescued a fruit of the tree, preserving the ancient line of trees.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
===Destruction===<br />
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_The_Ships_of_the_Faithful.jpg|right|thumb|''The Ships of the Faithful'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br />
{{main|Downfall of Númenor}}<br />
Prompted by Sauron and fearing death and old age, Ar-Pharazôn built a great armada to make war upon the Valar and seize the Undying Lands. The Valar displayed warnings to the Men of Westernesse in the form of huge eagles, but they paid no heed to these manifestations.<ref name=akallabeth/> In {{SA|3319}} Ar-Pharazôn landed on the shores of Aman.<ref name=APSA/><br />
<br />
Fearing that the Númenorean army could wreak havoc in [[Valinor]],<ref>{{L|131}}</ref> but forbidden from killing or otherwise using force against Men,<ref>{{L|156}}</ref><ref>{{MR|P4k}}, p. 350</ref> the Valar called upon Ilúvatar for assistance. He broke and changed the world, taking Aman and Tol Eressëa from the world forever, and changing the world's shape from flat to round. The massive fleet was consumed when Ilúvatar opened up a chasm in the sea. Númenor, likewise, was covered by great waves and sank into the abyss, killing its inhabitants, including the body of Sauron who remained behind and now was robbed of his ability to assume fair and charming forms.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
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[[Elendil]], son of the [[Amandil|leader]] of the Faithful during the reign of Ar-Pharazôn, his sons and his followers had foreseen the disaster that was to befall Númenor, and they had set sail in nine ships before the island fell. They landed in Middle-earth, and gathered the Númenórean and indigenous peoples living there, and founded the kingdoms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
After its fall Númenor was called ''Atalantë'', meaning "the Downfallen", in the [[Quenya]] language. Other names after the Downfall include ''Mar-nu-Falmar'' ("Land under the Waves") and ''[[Akallabêth]]'' ("the Downfallen" in Adûnaic).<br />
<br />
The story of the rise and downfall of Númenor is told in ''[[Akallabêth|The Akallabêth]]''.<br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
Númenor was a monarchy. The King held the power of decision over the affairs of the state. However, there was an advisory body, the [[Council of the Sceptre]], which consisted of the Heir of the King and lords from the six regions of Númenor: [[Forostar]] (''Northlands''), [[Andustar]] (''Westlands''), [[Hyarnustar]] (''Southwestlands''), [[Hyarrostar]] (''Southeastlands''), [[Orrostar]] (''Eastlands'') and [[Mittalmar]] (''Inlands'').<br />
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There were two main political parties: Elendili or the [[Faithful]], led by the Lords of Andúnië, always loyal to the Elves. In the later years, they were a small group, oppressed by the opposing [[King's Men]] who rebelled against the Valar and their ban and set dominions among the Men of Middle-earth and laid heavy tribute upon them. As their number and power increased, they forced the Elendili to move from [[Andúnië]] to the eastern side of the island, at [[Rómenna]]. [[Pelargir]] was a harbour built where the river [[Sirith]] met [[Anduin]] and it was founded by the Faithful in {{SA|2350}}.<br />
<br />
Respected as a law was the [[Ban of the Valar]], which stated that Númenóreans should never sail West more than the limit of their sight when looking after their shores. As the fear of death filled more and more the hearts of the Númenóreans, they sailed further away from the island, until finally the last king, Ar-Pharazôn, broke the Ban in his attempt to reach [[Tol Eressëa]] out of the false belief that dwelling in that place granted immortality. <br />
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===Rulership===<br />
{{main|Line of Elros}}<br />
Númenóreans from the [[Line of Elros]] had the right to inherit the [[Sceptre]] and thus become Rulers of Númenor. 25 [[King of Númenor|Kings]] and [[Ruling Queen of Númenor|Queens]] descendants of Elros ascended the throne. While the Númenóreans lived around 200 years, royal kindred had a double life span. <br />
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Of great importance was the [[Law of Succession in Númenor]] which established the heir to the throne. It started out as an inherited custom, which gave exclusive rights to the male descendants of Elros. Tar-Aldarion, the sixth ruler of Númenor, only had one daughter and replaced the principle of exclusive male heir with that of eldest progeny, of any gender; in {{SA|1075}} Tar-Ancalimë became the first ruling queen in the history of Númenor. <br />
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Númenóreans from the Line of Elros influenced their era in various ways:<br />
<br />
*[[Tar-Aldarion]], a great mariner and Middle-earth explorer<br />
*[[Tar-Ancalimë]], the first Ruling Queen of Númenor<br />
*[[Tar-Minastir]], defeated [[Sauron]] alongside [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]<br />
*[[Ar-Belzagar]], the first ruler to take an Adûnaic name<br />
*[[Ar-Adûnakhôr]], banned the speaking of Quenya and severed relationships with the Eldar<br />
*[[Ar-Pharazôn]], last in the line of rulers, whose kingship led directly to the [[Akallabêth|Downfall of Númenor]]<br />
<br />
===Lords of Andúnië===<br />
{{Main|Lords of Andúnië}}<br />
During the time of princess [[Silmariën]], the law of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnatic_primogeniture agnatic primogeniture] existed. She could not succeed her father as his eldest child, and her [[Tar-Meneldur|brother]] took up the [[Sceptre]]. In her honour was created the title "[[Lords of Andúnië]]", which was set upon [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]] her first son and his 18 descendants; the last one was [[Amandil]], father of [[Elendil]]. During the dark times of Númenor, the Lords were renowned for their friendship with the Eldar, and leaders of the [[Elendili]].<br />
The Númenóreans were extremely skilled in arts and craft, with the forging of weapons and armour; although they were a peaceful people, their weapons, armour, and horse-riding skills could not be contested anywhere else in [[Arda]], save for the [[Valar]]. But the Númenóreans were not warmongers, hence the chief art on the island became that of ship-building and sea-craft. The Númenóreans became great mariners, exploring the world in all directions save for the westward, where the [[Ban of the Valar]] was in force. They often travelled to the shores of Middle-earth, teaching the men there the art and craft, and introduced farming as to improve their everyday lives.<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
[[File:Matěj Čadil - A Royal Wedding in Numenor.jpg|thumb|''A Royal Wedding in Númenor'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]<br />
{{main|Númenóreans}}<br />
The population of Númenor chiefly consisted of [[Edain]], mostly descendants from the [[House of Hador]]; although before the Shadow fell on the island the westernmost cities such as [[Andúnië]] contained a small population of [[Elves]] because of the frequent visits from Tol Eressëa. They were known as the Númenóreans, or rather, ''Kings among Men''.<br />
<br />
There also was a small number of [[Drúedain]] living in Númenor, who, considered as Edain, accompanied their friends of the [[House of Haleth]] to Númenor. They were only few in number and dreaded the sea. They became uneasy when [[Tar-Aldarion]] started his great travels and urged him not to go, seeing the mischief to come. They did not succeed and one after another they took ships towards Middle-earth, saying, that "the Great Isle no longer feels sure under our feet, and we wish to return to the lands whence we came". The last of them left when Sauron was brought to Númenor.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Númenor'' is a shortened form of the [[Quenya]] name ''Númenórë'', which can be translated as ''''Westernesse'''' or ''''Westland''''.<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> The name is a compound of [[númen|''nūme-n'']] "going down" (from the [[Sundocarme|root]] √ndū, nū), sunset, West, and [[nóre|''nōre'']] "land, country".<ref>{{L|227}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Carl F. Hostetter]]|articleurl=http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/lambengolmor/conversations/messages/1144 |articlename=Holograph MS of Letter 227, correcting published etymology of "Númenor" (#1144)|dated=15 December 2013|website=Lambe|accessed=15 December 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other names==<br />
The land most commonly referred to as ''Númenor'' (Westernesse, Westland) had a variety of other names:<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref><br />
*''[[Anadûnê]]'', "Westernesse"! in [[Adûnaic]].<br />
*''[[Andor]]'', "The Land of Gift" in Quenya.<br />
*''[[Elenna]]'', "Starwards" in Quenya.<br />
*''The Land of the Star''<br />
and after its downfall:<br />
*''[[Akallabêth]]'', "The Downfallen" in Adûnaic.<br />
*''[[Atalantë]]'', "The Downfallen" in Quenya.<br />
*''[[Mar-nu-Falmar]]'', "The Land under the Waves" in [[Sindarin]].<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
Númenor is the retelling of the [[Atlantis]] mythos in Tolkien's legendarium. Notably, he referred to a recurring "Atlantis dream" he had. The connection is more evident in the name ''[[Atalantë]]'', another epithet of the Island which in [[Quenya]] means "the downfallen" (note that in Greek, ''Atlantis'' is related to [[Wikipedia:Atlas|Atlas]]; therefore ''Atalantë'' has no direct connection, and in fact Tolkien, upon realaizing the similarity, described it as a "happy coincidence").<br />
<br />
[[wikipedia:Plato|Plato]], the ancient Greek philosopher, recounted the story of Atlantis. According to him, Atlantis was in the middle of the ocean in the West (cf. [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]), its people were more advanced than those of the known world (cf. [[Kings of Men]]) but were corrupted by arrogance; the continent was destroyed by the gods and survivors created colonies, as in Egypt (cf. [[Realms in Exile]]). Also according to Plato the center of Atlantis was occupied by a high mountain-palace (cf. [[Meneltarma]]) around which a city of three circles was build, quite different from the star-shaped island of Númenor. Another element with both common and different points between the two stories, is that Númenor sank when the fleet was attacking the West, while Atlantis sank during a sea-battle with the Athenians, in the east.<br />
<br />
Some parts of Númenor's history seem to have been inspired not only from Plato but also from researchers and occultists whose theories were widespread during Tolkien's time.<br />
<br />
Ignatius Loyola Donnelly and Edgar Cayce were the most famous authors regarding Atlantis and mentioned events and concepts that Plato never did. One of those "original" elements told by modern authors and mystics was a civil war between two factions of Atlanteans (good and evil)<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_race#The_civilization_of_Atlantis</ref> which reminds of the persecution of the [[Elf-friends]] by the [[King's Men]].<br />
<br />
According to those theories, remnants of Atlantean civilization survived by colonists or survivors in Egypt (and in Pre-Columbian America), which mirrors the [[Realms in Exile]] founded by the Faithful; furthermore Tolkien once equated the Gondorians with the Egyptian civilization.<ref>{{L|211}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Uses outside the legendarium==<br />
<br />
[[C.S. Lewis]]' novel ''That Hideous Strength'' makes reference to "Numinor [sic] and the True West", which Lewis credits as a then-unpublished creation of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. This is one of many examples of cross-overs between the novels of Lewis and Tolkien, both of whom were members of the [[Inklings]], a literary discussion group at [[Oxford University]].<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[King of Númenor]]<br />
* [[Númenóreans]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://sdgeard.customer.netspace.net.au/hccnum.html A History and Complete Chronology of Númenor] - A detailed chronology of Númenor, its successor states and their rulers.<br />
*[http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/site3/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=38 Article] concerning the position of Numenor.<br />
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{{numenorkings}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Numenor}}<br />
[[Category:Islands]]<br />
[[Category:Númenor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya locations]]<br />
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[[de:Númenor]]<br />
[[fi:Númenor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/iles/numenor]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=329883Númenóreans2021-03-31T01:28:36Z<p>Tengwar: The politics section should be moved to the Numenor page. Also, added a detail to the other names.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the inhabitants of Númenor|descendants they had on [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Third Age]]|[[Dúnedain]]}}<br />
{{people infobox<br />
| name=Númenóreans<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Isildur.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Liz Danforth - Isildur.png|Isildur]]" by Liz Danforth<br />
| pronun={{respell|noo|meh|nor|ee-ans}}<br />
| othernames=''Adûnâim'' ([[Adûnaic|A]]), ''[[Dúnedain]]'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Go-hilleg'' ([[Dunlendish|D]]), Kings of Men, Men of Númenor, Men of the Sea, Men of Westernesse, Mighty of the West, Sea-kings, Tall Men<br />
| origin=[[Edain]] of [[Beleriand]] granted a new homeland by the [[Valar]] after the [[War of Wrath]]<br />
| location=[[Númenor]], [[Eriador]], [[Harad]], [[Umbar]], [[Pelargir]], later [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Faithful]], [[King's Men]], [[Realms in Exile]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]<br />
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Quenya]] <br />
| members=[[Elros]], [[Tar-Aldarion]], [[Ar-Pharazôn]], [[Elendil]], [[Isildur]] <br />
| lifespan=Númenóreans - c. 200+ years<ref name=Line>{{UT|Kings}}</ref></br>[[Kings of Númenor]] - c. 400 years (later diminished)<ref name=Line/><br/>''[[#Characteristics|See below]]''<br />
| distinctions=The mightiest of [[Men]] in both nobility and body<br />
| height=Tall, typically 7 feet.<ref name=Dwarves>{{PM|X}}</ref><br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=Bows<ref name=Description>{{UT|3}}, p. 170</ref><br />
}}<br />
<center>{{quote|So great was the might and splendour of the Númenóreans that Sauron's own servants deserted him.|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]]}}</center><br />
'''Númenóreans''' or '''[[Dúnedain]]''' were the [[Men]] of [[Númenor]], descendants of the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]], who were granted the island of [[Elenna]] as a dwelling place. Eventually, they turned against the [[Valar]], and their island home was destroyed in the last years of the [[Second Age]].<br />
<br />
==Origins==<br />
{{seealso|Edain}}<br />
The Númenóreans were descendants of the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]], who proved themselves great allies of the [[Elves]], from whom they gathered knowledge of all things surrounding them. The two races fought together against [[Morgoth]].<br />
<br />
During that Age, unions of Elves and Men were made; [[Lúthien]] and [[Beren]] whose son, [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]], married [[Nimloth of Doriath]] and [[Elwing]] was born. [[Idril]] and [[Tuor]], the second couple, were parents of [[Eärendil]]. Elwing and Eärendil met at the [[Havens of Sirion]] and from their union twins were born: [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]]. To the two [[Half-elven|half-elves]], the Valar gave a choice: Elros chose to join the race of men, whereas Elrond chose to join the elves.<br />
<br />
The Edain fought with the [[Host of Valinor]] in the [[War of Wrath]] and were victorious, the Edain were honoured and blessed by [[Eönwë]] in body and mind for their part in the [[Wars of Beleriand|war]] and the [[Valar]] rewarded the Edain by giving them a place to dwell outside the troubled world of [[Middle-earth]]. [[Ulmo]] raised an island halfway between [[Endor]] and [[Aman]] which the Edain named [[Elenna]], later known as the island of [[Númenor]].<ref name=akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> The first ships of the Edain arrived to their new home in {{SA|32}} by following the [[Star of Eärendil]], Elros became the first [[King of Númenor]] and established the Realm of Númenor.<ref name=Line/> For the next fifty years the majority of the Edain in Middle-earth gradually migrated to Númenor.<ref>{{PM|V}}, §5</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Turner Mohan - Númenórean Armor (early Second Age).jpg|thumb|''Númenórean Armor (early Second Age)'' by [[:Category:Images by Turner Mohan|Turner Mohan]]]]<br />
===Early history===<br />
The Númenóreans built a mighty seafaring civilisation, their lore and craft were advanced and enriched by the knowledge of the [[Eldar]] and their body and mind grew in stature, gaining long life thrice more than the Men in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=Line/> They excelled in 'ship-building and sea-craft' and became skilled mariners.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
They held the Eldar in close friendship and the white ships from [[Tol Eressëa]] brought many gifts to Númenor such as birds, flowers, and healing herbs. One notable gift was a seedling of [[Celeborn, White Tree|Celeborn]], the White Tree of Tol Eressëa which grew at the courts of the King in [[Armenelos]] and it was named [[Nimloth (tree)|Nimloth]]<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
===Return to Middle-earth===<br />
Due to the fact that the [[Ban of the Valar]] restricted them from sailing [[Undying Lands|West]], the Númenóreans began to explore the eastern part of the [[Arda|world]], reaching the shores of Middle-earth in {{SA|600}}.<ref name=APSA>{{App|SA}}</ref> They sailed to [[Lindon]] and established a friendship with [[Gil-galad]] and the [[Elves of Lindon]].<ref name=UTAE3/><br />
<br />
The Men in [[Eriador]] were filled with wonder at their coming for the Men of Middle-earth had long lived under the [[Shadow]], a period known as the [[Dark Years]], and because of this they grown weak and fearful. The Númenóreans began to cultivate their new friends teaching them agriculture, stonemasonry and smithying.<ref name=akallabeth/> They also discovered that while their languages were different, they both had a common origin and were able to converse with each other over simple matters.<ref name=UTAE3>{{UT|4}}, note 3</ref> The Númenóreans never dwelt long in the shores of Middle-earth, but the [[Middle Men|Men]], who populated the western shores, were comforted. They revered the memory of the tall Sea-kings whom they remembered as gods hoping each time for their return.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
[[Image:Eric Faure-Brac - Erendis.jpg|thumb|250px|left|''Erendis'' by Eric Faure-Brac]]<br />
In the following decades there was increased activity between Númenór and Middle-earth, mariners returning from their voyages brought with them ore and jewels. In {{SA|750}} the [[Guild of Venturers]] was founded by [[Aldarion]] and many young and eager men joined.<ref name>{{UT|4}}, Notes, Chronology</ref> Their vessels grew greater and larger and were now able to make far and long voyages. <br />
<br />
Aldarion established [[Vinyalondë]] at the mouth of the [[Gwathló]], a haven for the purpose of repairs, ship building and collection of timber. The Númenóreans began to escalate their tree felling around the dense forests of [[Minhiriath]] and [[Enedwaith]], but their enterprise created animosity between them and the [[Pre-Númenóreans|native men]] living there and the forest-dwellers attacked and ambushed the Númenóreans when they could until they were expelled from their forest homes. The Númenóreans wrecked the banks, the shorelines, great tracks and roads whom they drove into the forests northwards and southwards from the Gwathló and continued battling and destroying what lied ahead of them, pushing into Minhiriath and Enedwaith.<ref name=UTLD>{{UT|6d}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{SA|882}} Gil-galad warned [[Tar-Meneldur]] that a new shadow is rising in the East, instigated by a [[Sauron|servant]] of [[Morgoth]], and asked for aid when the time comes to help defend Eriador against this new threat.<ref name=Aldarion>{{UT|Aldarion}}</ref>{{rp|199-200}} The Númenóreans began the preparation of force and supplies for war.<ref name=CGC>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the early [[Second Age 1200|thirteenth century]] of the Second Age, the Númenóreans began establishing permanent settlements in Middle-earth.<ref name=APSA/> Later these settlements were under increased pressure from raiders as [[Sauron]] drew closer to the Númenórean sphere of influence. He recruited the natives that had a hatred of Númenór and used them as spies and guides. Though Sauron had not enough force to assault the forts at the Haven or along the banks of the Gwathló his raiders wreaked havoc on the fringes of the forests, burning trees and wood-stores of the Númenóreans.<ref name=UTLD/><br />
<br />
The Númenóreans participated in the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], though they arrived late to the conflict in {{SA|1700}}<ref name=APSA/> due to delays<ref name=CGC/> and when most of Eriador was already ruined. [[Tar-Minastir]]'s fleet turned the tide of the war and Sauron was decisively defeated in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]]. Sauron was forced to retreat to [[Mordor]] and vowed vengeance upon the Númenóreans and there was peace in the [[Westlands]].<ref name=CGC/><br />
<br />
===Shadow falls===<br />
[[File:Turner Mohan - Númenórean Armor (late Second Age).jpg|thumb|''Númenórean Armor (late Second Age)'' by [[:Category:Images by Turner Mohan|Turner Mohan]]]]<br />
The first sign of the Shadow falling upon Númenór was said to have begun in the reign of Tar-Minastir, he loved the Eldar - and aided them in their most desperate hour against Sauron - but he also envied them.<ref name=Line/> Over time, the Númenóreans began questioning the [[Ban of the Valar]] and the [[Gift of Men]], and the fear of death crept into their hearts, so the [[Firstborn]] became envied for their immortality.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
About {{SA|1800}}, the Númenóreans began establishing dominions on the coasts of Middle-earth and their attitude towards the Men of Middle-earth changed, where once they were teachers and friends they now subjugated them and levied heavy tribute to the the native populace, desiring wealth and power. This occurred during the reigns of [[Tar-Ciryatan]] and his son [[Tar-Atanamir]].<ref name=APSA/> It was during the reign of Tar-Atanamir that the Shadow upon Númenór was on its noontide. The Númenóreans that followed his lore spoke openly against the [[Valar]] and Eldar<ref name=Line/> though they still feared retaliation from the Valar if they broke the ban.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
During the reign of [[Tar-Ancalimon]], the Númenóreans became divided into two parties; the [[Faithful]] or [[Elf-friends]] and the [[King's Men]].<ref name=Line/> Those that followed the King abandoned the use of the [[Eldarin]] tongues and were estranged from the Eldar and Valar while the Faithful were still friends with the Eldar.<ref name=APNK>{{App|A1i}}</ref> The King's Men explored the coasts of Middle-earth far southward, establishing landing and trading posts that grew into cruel vice-kingdoms which left many rumours in the legends of Men, although the Eldar did not know about them,<ref>{{PM|Akallabeth}}, §28</ref> such as [[Umbar]].<ref group=note>It is unclear when Umbar was founded, in [[Appendix B]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' it is mentioned that it was fortified in {{SA|2280}} which means that it had existed in some form prior to that date.</ref> The Faithful Númenóreans played no part in this and in {{SA|2350}} [[Pelargir]] was built by them and it became their chief haven.<ref name=APSA/><br />
<br />
When [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]] ascended to the throne in {{SA|2899}}<ref name=APSA/> he was the first king to choose an [[Adûnaic]] name and began to persecute the Faithful, punishing all those who would speak the Elven tongues openly. In the end, the Eldar came no more to the land of Númenor.<ref name=APNK/> However there was some respite for the Faithful under the rule of [[Tar-Palantir]] who sought to repent the actions of his predecessors and gain back the favour of the Valar.<ref name=Line/><br />
<br />
[[Tar-Palantir]]'s policies were met with opposition by his brother [[Gimilkhâd]] who led the King's party, when he died his son [[Pharazôn]] returned to Númenór and led a rebellion against the king. When Tar-Palantir died his daughter [[Míriel]], according to the [[Law of Succession in Númenor|New Law]], had the right to inherit the throne, but Pharazôn forced her into marriage, and usurped the [[Sceptre of Númenor|Sceptre]] for himself, becoming known as Ar-Pharazôn.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
===Sauron's corruption===<br />
In {{SA|3261}}<ref name=APSA/> Ar-Pharazôn returned to Middle-earth with a mighty host to challenge the threat of Sauron. So mighty were the Númenóreans that the servants of Sauron fled even before the battle began and their leader was taken as a prisoner back to the island of Elenna. Through numerous lies he poisoned the mind of the king and became master of his council, changing even the religion of the Númenóreans and turning them into servants of the dark lord [[Morgoth]].<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
===Downfall===<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Queen Tar-Míriel and the Great Wave.jpg|thumb|left|''Queen Tar-Miriel and the Great Wave'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br />
{{main|Downfall of Númenor}}<br />
As the shadow of death approached Ar-Pharazôn Sauron now urged the king to take immortality by force and invade Aman. The Númenóreans now began preparations for war with the Valar and this raised the anger of [[Manwë]] who sent his eagle-shaped storm clouds to Númenor. Lightning struck the land, including the temple of Melkor, where human sacrifices were made. Because Sauron himself stood in their path and was not hurt by them, the Númenóreans were deceived even more into thinking he was their rightful god.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
Ar-Pharazôn sailed at the head of his fleet known as the [[Great Armament]], led by the flagship [[Alcarondas]], set course towards Valinor and reached Tol Eressëa. His pride fooled him into thinking that the inhabitants of Aman would not stand in his way, because the land was quiet and peaceful, and thus he set camp near the [[Túna]] hill. But Manwë, the Elder King, was aware of what transpired, and the Valar then laid down the Guardianship of Arda. Ilúvatar responded by catastrophically changing the shape of Arda. The Númenóreans present in Valinor were buried under the hills which fell upon them, and on the great island, fire erupted from the top of [[Meneltarma]]. The land crumbled into pieces and a great wave swept over it and buried the island at the bottom of the sea. Its people were taken by the waters, and this tragedy brought an end to the Númenórean realm, in {{SA|3319}}.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
[[File:Turner Mohan - Out Of The Sea I Am Come.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Out Of The Sea I am Come'' by Turner Mohan]]<br />
Few of the remaining Númenóreans in the island survived the Downfall, these were the Elendili led by Elendil and his sons, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]]. They escaped the [[Akallabêth]] with nine ships, a seedling of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]], which Isildur had rescued the night before its destruction and the Seven [[Seeing-stones]]. Cast ashore by the storm on the western lands of Middle-earth, they founded the Númenórean realms in exile: [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
Other Númenóreans survived the Downfall, these were of the King's Men that settled in Middle-earth. They continued to serve Sauron and was later known as the [[Black Númenóreans]]. Their chief haven was [[Umbar]].<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
Long after the Fall, there was a belief among those who survived it that the Holy Mountain Meneltarma was not swallowed by the waters but instead raised to be a new island of its own. The heirs of Elendil built great ships once more and set on its search, not only because they yearned for their home, but also because from that point, the top of Meneltarma, Tol Eressëa could be spotted and their hearts still desired to reach the West, against all warnings. But they never found the top of Meneltarma and their voyages served only to discover that Arda was a round world.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Language===<br />
The Númenóreans spoke [[Adunaic]], a [[Mannish]] language that descended from the Mannish languages spoken in [[Beleriand]]. However, their forefathers, the Edain, had learned [[Sindarin]] which was passed on to Númenor. As a language of lore, it changed only a little with the millennia. Educated Númenóreans also studied [[Quenya]], having a prestige above all other tongues.<ref name=Appendices>{{App|Men}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Religion and tradition===<br />
Towards the middle of Mittalmar stood the Mountain [[Meneltarma]], the sacred place on which [[Ilúvatar|Eru]] was worshipped. Its flattened top was wide enough to contain a great crowd during the three yearly ceremonies ([[Erukyermë]], [[Erulaitalë]] and [[Eruhantalë]]). These took place in absolute silence while climbing its slopes. Soon after {{SA|3262}} these religious beliefs were abandoned and the worshipping of [[Morgoth|Melkor]] began. It was done in a cylindrical temple near the city of Armenelos built especially for this, and it involved sacrificing men and women over a great fire, whose first flames were lit from the [[White Tree of Tol Eressëa]].<br />
<br />
Whenever ships sailed from Númenor, the custom of the [[Green Bough of Return]] took place. A branch from the [[Fragrant Trees|Fragrant Tree]] [[Oiolairë]] was set at the prow as a symbol of good fortune by a Númenórean woman, close relative to the captain of the ship. [[Erendis]], wife of Tar-Aldarion, refused to do so in disagreement with her husband's frequent voyages towards Middle-earth, breaking this tradition for the first time.<br />
<br />
===Daily life===<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Númenórean helmet.jpg|thumb|Númenórean helmet by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
Many of the inhabitants of Númenor were fishermen. Along with the grains cultivated in Orrostar, fish was the main food source for the Númenóreans.<br />
<br />
The Dúnedain were skilled in riding and loved horses. They could even call them in their thoughts if bound by friendship. Númenor had no paved roads so that the carriages could move on them more easily. From the [[Noldor]] they learned the art of forging swords, axes, spears, knives, but mostly bows; their arrows resembled dark clouds falling upon the enemies. <br />
<br />
The Númenóreans, were skilled in the art of husbandry, breeding great horses that roamed across the open plains in Mittalmar. <br />
<br />
The greatest love of the Númenóreans was the sea and the building of the largest ships. Most were built at the command of Tar-Aldarion, who also established the [[Guild of Venturers]]. The ship ''[[Eämbar]]'' was their headquarters.<br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
[[File:Ivan Ulicny - The Age of Númenor.jpg|thumb|''The Age of Númenor'' by Ivan Ulicny]]<br />
The average Númenórean was taller than two [[Ranga]]r or 6'4". Elendil was the tallest of Men who escaped the Downfall, mentioned to be almost 2.5 [[rangar]] tall, 7'11" or 2.41 m.<ref>{{UT|Linear}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Christopher Tolkien]] noted that Tolkien developed his thinking on the longevity of Númenóreans: originally he suggested that Númenóreans not of the [[Line of Elros]] lived for 200 years - or three times normal men - with royal kindred living 400 years. However, in later writings this was changed to a smaller difference between royals and non-royals, with Númenóreans living "five times" that of normal men, or 300-350 years. Those of the House of Elros were consistenly at c. 400 years, although this was later diminished due to their rebellion.<ref name=Line/> This longer lifespan resulted in an older age of adulthood: 25 years.<ref name=Aldarion></ref>{{rp|174}}<br />
<br />
==Other names==<br />
In their own language, the Númenóreans were named '''''Adûnâim'''''.<ref>{{SD|66}}, p. 247</ref><br />
<br />
The Númenóreans were also known as '''High Men'''.<ref name=Dwarves><br />
</ref>{{rp|312, 427}}<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 101</ref> (Cf. [[Middle Men]]). They were also known as "Sea-kings", "Men of the Sea" and "Lords of the Sea".<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 297</ref><br />
<br />
They were known as '''''Go-hilleg''''' by the [[Dunlendings]].<ref>{{HM|PM}}, "Index", entry "Go-hilleg"</ref><br />
<br />
''[[The Silmarillion]]'' is explicit in noting that "Númenoreans" and "Dúnedain" are synonymous terms, meaning the same thing. Nevertheless, it seems more usual to call those born in [[Númenor]] "'''Númenoreans'''" and their descendants living in [[Middle-earth]] post-[[Akallabêth]] "'''Dúnedain'''".<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In the earlier drafts of the ''Akallabêth'', it introduced the notion of the Númenóreans using aerial craft.<ref>{{LR|P1II1}}</ref> After the destruction of their island they devise ships that 'sail in the air of breath'.<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}, §12</ref> The mechanics is not explored and was discarded in the story later.<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}, Commentary on the first version of The Fall of Númenor, §12</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[King of Númenor]]<br />
*[[Black Númenóreans]]<br />
*[[Dúnedain]]<br />
*[[Akallabêth]]<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.stephenwigmore.com/2016/09/the-population-of-numenor-through-2nd.html The population of Númenor] - A theory about the Númenóreans's population numbers on Númenor and Middle-earth during the Second Age, by Stephen Wigmore<br />
{{references|n}}<br />
[[Category:Edain]]<br />
[[Category:Men]]<br />
[[Category:Númenóreans]]<br />
[[fi:Númenorilaiset]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/numenoreens]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BAnedain&diff=329653Dúnedain2021-03-25T03:34:57Z<p>Tengwar: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Dúnedain<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈduːnedaɪn]}}<br />
| othernames=Great People of the West, Men of the Ancient Houses, Men of the West, Men of Westernesse<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Men of Númenor]] in [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[Grey Company]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]] <br />
| members=[[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]], [[Denethor]], [[Boromir]], [[Faramir]], [[Imrahil]], [[Morwen Steelsheen]]<br />
| lifespan=''[[#Waning of the Dúnedain|See below]]''<br />
| distinctions=Superior to the other men of [[Middle-earth]] in nobility of spirit and body<br />
| height=Taller than other [[Men]]<br />
| hair=Dark<br />
| skin=Pale<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|Where now are the Dúnedain, Elessar, Elessar?<br />Why do thy kinsfolk wander afar?|[[Galadriel's messages]]}}<br />
<br />
The '''Dúnedain''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "West-men"), singular '''Dúnadan''', were the [[Men of Númenor]] and (especially) their descendants who peopled [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third Ages]]. <br />
<br />
Although they were from the beginning far fewer in number than the [[Middle Men|lesser men]], the Dúnedain were lords of long life, great power, and wisdom; far superior to the [[Middle Men|Men of Middle-earth]] among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
The Dúnedain descend from the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]], having granted and settled the island of [[Númenor]] in the [[Second Age]]. Many [[Men of Númenor]] settled in [[Middle-earth]], such as in [[Belfalas]], [[Umbar]] and [[Pelargir]]. The ancestors of the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]], were the most prominent of these.<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his sons led the [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]] to Middle-earth. Many who where in whole or part of [[Númenorean]] blood welcomed them and proceeded to found the [[Realms in Exile]], [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], they were divided as the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] and the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]], following the death of [[Isildur]], son of [[Elendil]], in {{TA|2}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Division===<br />
====Dúnedain of Arnor====<br />
:See also: ''[[Dúnedain of Arnor]]''.<br />
[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], but his people were diminished, and there were too few [[Númenoreans]] and native [[Men of Eriador]] to people the land or maintain the places [[Elendil]] built; many had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]], the seventh king that followed [[Valandil]], the [[Dúnedain of the North]] became divided into petty realms and lordships, and the witch-realm of [[Angmar]] destroyed them one by one.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
The remnants of the [[Northern Dúnedain]] were also heavily affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of the North and South Kingdoms) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died on the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], the [[Dúnedain of the North]] were reduced to [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten, save in [[Imladris]], where the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured and their line, from father to son, remained unbroken.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
====Dúnedain of Gondor====<br />
:See also: ''[[Dúnedain of Gondor]]''.<br />
In the south, the realm of [[Gondor]] endured, and for a time the splendour of the [[Dúnedain of the South]] grew, until it recalled the wealth and majesty of [[Númenor]] during the reign of [[Hyarmendacil I]] by {{TA|1050}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name="AppB"/><br />
<br />
Yet at the last, in the later [[Third Age]], the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] waned for their blood became much mingled with that of other men, especially the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]]. King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], who himself had [[Northmen|Northmannish]] blood, showed favour to the [[Northmen]] who supported him. This led to the [[Kin-strife]], when many of the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] were slain. After his return from exile, many noble houses, including the royal [[House of Anárion]], became more mingled with the blood of [[Middle Men|"lesser" Men]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
After the reign of King [[Eärnur]], royal descendants among the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] had become few and no claimant for the throne could be found of pure [[Númenórean]] blood, or whose claim all would accept, and people were afraid of a new [[Kin-strife]] that would devastate the kingdom.<ref name=gondor/> Thus, by default, [[Mardil]] began the line of [[Ruling Stewards of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
After the [[Stewards]] picked up the southern rule, the remnant of the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] still defended the passage of the [[Anduin]] against the terrors of [[Minas Morgul]] and against all the enemies of the West.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] lived in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, as well as the tributary fiefs and royal lands of [[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], and [[Belfalas]].<ref name=languages/><ref name="Language">{{PM|Languages}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Reunification===<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their the might and dignity was lifted up and their glory renewed.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Appearance===<br />
They were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref><ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref><ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> Although the stature of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent decreased from what it once was (more than 2 [[ranga]]), the Dúnedain were still about 2 [[ranga]] or 6'4" on average.<ref>{{UT|Linear}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Waning of the Dúnedain===<br />
The [[Third Age]] marked the beginning of the waning of the Dúnedain, in which their gifts of wisdom, nobility, and long life were slowly withdrawn due to the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and their mingling with [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
In the beginning of their history, the Dúnedain were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=languages/> <br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the strife and dissensions between the kingdoms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]] hastened the waning of the Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> "More swift was the waning in the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]], for [[Eriador]] became colder and there, the Dúnedain became ever less".<ref>{{PM|Third}}, p. 227</ref> The Dúnedain of Arnor, unlike their [[Gondorians|kin to the South]], were of unmingled [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.<ref name=blood>{{VT|42a}}, pp. 11-3</ref> Although, their lifespans ever continued to shorten, the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], especially their [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains]], maintained significant longevity living to twice the age of [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=eriador/><ref>{{PM|Second}}</ref> The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] even lived up to 160 years or more.<ref name=Tale>{{PM|Aii}}, p. 263</ref><br />
<br />
After [[Gondor]]'s numbers were replenished by lesser [[Northmen]] after the [[Kin-Strife]], the mingling did not at first hasten the waning of the Dúnedain, as had been feared, but it still proceeded little by little as it had before.<ref name=gondor/> However, after the fall of the [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]], the waning was much swifter in [[Gondor]] than in [[Arnor]].<ref name=eriador/> In fact, [[Hador (Steward of Gondor)|Hador]] the seventh [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] was the last [[Gondorian]] to live 150 years and after his time the life-span of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood waned more rapidly.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], few among the [[Gondorians]] passed 100 years with vigour, except in the more pure and noble houses.<ref>{{RK|Houses}}</ref><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]], the might and dignity of the Dúnedain was lifted up and their glory was renewed.<ref name=rings/> Greatest among them was their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] [[Aragorn II Elessar]] who lived up to 210 years (the longest since King [[Arvegil]]),<ref name=eriador/> and he received in some measure their former gifts. He wedded [[Arwen Undomiel]], daughter of [[Elrond]], brother of [[Elros]] first [[King of Númenor|King of Númenór]], and so restored the majesty and high lineage of the royal [[House of Telcontar]], but their life-span was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
==Language==<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], [[Sindarin]] was the regular spoken tongue of the [[Exiles of Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|7}}, note 16</ref> When they arrived on the coasts of [[Middle-earth]], few among the colonists on the coasts remembered [[Sindarin]] since the neglected [[Adûnaic]] was used as a ''lingua franca'' among the [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]], which developed into the [[Westron]] tongue.<ref name=Atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><ref name=languages/> They used therefore the [[Common Speech]] intheir dealing with other folk and in the government of their wide realms; but they enlarged the language and enriched it with many words drawn from the Elven-tongues. In the days of the Númenorean kings, [[Westron]] became used more and more by the Dúnedain themselves.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
Among the Dúnedain, "the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood in any degree," for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin|Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}, p. 34</ref> Many of the [[Men of Gondor]] could also speak the [[Elvish]] tongues, a notable distinction and characteristic among the Dúnedain there.<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] had long ceased to be a "first language" in [[Gondor]], but was learned in early youth (by the Dúnedain) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood. For example, the [[Stewards of Gondor]] belonged to a [[House of Húrin|noble family of Dúnedain]] of the ancient [[Faithful]] who used (beside the [[Common Speech]]) the [[Númenórean Sindarin]] tongue after the fashion of [[Gondor]]. It had changed very little since the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and though the [[Men of Gondor]] altered some of the sounds, they could still understand the [[Elves]] and be understood by them.<ref name="Elendil"/> [[Westron]] became used more and more by the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Sindarin]] was known to only a small part of the peoples of [[Gondor]] (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> <br />
<br />
[[Quenya]] was used by the Dúnedain, a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref><ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Gondor]] as well as all the [[Stewards]] until [[Mardil Voronwë]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=languages/><ref>{{App|South}}</ref> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names. The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref> At the end of the [[Third Age]], there were more Men (being of Dúnedain descent) that knew [[Quenya]] or spoke [[Sindarin]] than there were [[Elves]] (those of [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and [[Lórien]]) who did either.<ref name="quenya"/> <br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Dunedain.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
{{quote|I thought you knew enough [[Elvish]] at least to know ''[[dûn|dún]]-[[adan]]'': Man of the West, Númenórean.|[[Bilbo Baggins]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Many Meetings]]"}}<br />
<br />
They are also called the ''Men of the West'' and the ''Men of Westernesse'' (direct translations of the [[Sindarin]] term) and comes from ''[[dûn]]'' and ''[[adan]]''.<br />
<br />
The [[Quenya]] name was '''Núnatan''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈnuːnatan]}}), pl. '''Núnatani''' (pron. {{IPA|[nuːˈnatani]}}).<br />
<br />
The [[Westron]] name for ''Dúnadan'' was simply '''[[Adûn]]''', "westerner", but this name was seldom used.<br />
<br />
''[[The Silmarillion]]'' is explicit in noting that "Númenoreans" and "Dúnedain" are synonymous terms, meaning the same thing. Nevertheless, it seems more usual to call those born in [[Númenor]] "'''Númenoreans'''" and those living in [[Middle-earth]] post-[[Akallabêth]] "'''Dúnedain'''".<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunedain}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain| ]]<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]<br />
[[de:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunedain]]<br />
[[fi:Dúnedain]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BAnedain&diff=329652Dúnedain2021-03-25T03:26:34Z<p>Tengwar: The plague isnt specifically said to have killed alot of dunedain in gondor</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Dúnedain<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈduːnedaɪn]}}<br />
| othernames=Great People of the West, Men of the Ancient Houses, Men of the West, Men of Westernesse<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Men of Númenor]] in [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[Grey Company]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]] <br />
| members=[[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]], [[Denethor]], [[Boromir]], [[Faramir]], [[Imrahil]], [[Morwen Steelsheen]]<br />
| lifespan=''[[#Waning of the Dúnedain|See below]]''<br />
| distinctions=Superior to the other men of [[Middle-earth]] in nobility of spirit and body<br />
| height=Taller than other [[Men]]<br />
| hair=Dark<br />
| skin=Pale<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|Where now are the Dúnedain, Elessar, Elessar?<br />Why do thy kinsfolk wander afar?|[[Galadriel's messages]]}}<br />
<br />
The '''Dúnedain''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "West-men"), singular '''Dúnadan''', were the [[Men of Númenor]] and (especially) their descendants who peopled [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third Ages]]. <br />
<br />
Although they were from the beginning far fewer in number than the [[Middle Men|lesser men]], the Dúnedain were lords of long life, great power, and wisdom; far superior to the [[Middle Men|Men of Middle-earth]] among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
The Dúnedain descend from the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]], having granted and settled the island of [[Númenor]] in the [[Second Age]]. Many [[Men of Númenor]] settled in [[Middle-earth]], such as in [[Belfalas]], [[Umbar]] and [[Pelargir]]. The ancestors of the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]], were the most prominent of these.<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his sons led the [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]] to Middle-earth. Many who where in whole or part of [[Númenorean]] blood welcomed them and proceeded to found the [[Realms in Exile]], [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], they were divided as the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] and the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]], following the death of [[Isildur]], son of [[Elendil]], in {{TA|2}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Division===<br />
====Dúnedain of Arnor====<br />
:See also: ''[[Dúnedain of Arnor]]''.<br />
[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], but his people were diminished, and there were too few [[Númenoreans]] and native [[Men of Eriador]] to people the land or maintain the places [[Elendil]] built; many had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]], the seventh king that followed [[Valandil]], the [[Dúnedain of the North]] became divided into petty realms and lordships, and the witch-realm of [[Angmar]] destroyed them one by one.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
The remnants of the [[Northern Dúnedain]] were also heavily affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of the North and South Kingdoms) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died on the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], the [[Dúnedain of the North]] were reduced to [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten, save in [[Imladris]], where the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured and their line, from father to son, remained unbroken.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
====Dúnedain of Gondor====<br />
:See also: ''[[Dúnedain of Gondor]]''.<br />
In the south, the realm of [[Gondor]] endured, and for a time the splendour of the [[Dúnedain of the South]] grew, until it recalled the wealth and majesty of [[Númenor]] during the reign of [[Hyarmendacil I]] by {{TA|1050}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name="AppB"/><br />
<br />
Yet at the last, in the later [[Third Age]], the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] waned for their blood became much mingled with that of other men, especially the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]]. King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], who himself had [[Northmen|Northmannish]] blood, showed favour to the [[Northmen]] who supported him. This led to the [[Kin-strife]], when many of the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] were slain. After his return from exile, many noble houses, including the royal [[House of Anárion]], became more mingled with the blood of [[Middle Men|"lesser" Men]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
After the reign of King [[Eärnur]], royal descendants among the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] had become few and no claimant for the throne could be found of pure [[Númenórean]] blood, or whose claim all would accept, and people were afraid of a new [[Kin-strife]] that would devastate the kingdom.<ref name=gondor/> Thus, by default, [[Mardil]] began the line of [[Ruling Stewards of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
After the [[Stewards]] picked up the southern rule, the remnant of the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] still defended the passage of the [[Anduin]] against the terrors of [[Minas Morgul]] and against all the enemies of the West.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] lived in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, as well as the tributary fiefs and royal lands of [[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], and [[Belfalas]].<ref name=languages/><ref name="Language">{{PM|Languages}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Reunification===<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their the might and dignity was lifted up and their glory renewed.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Appearance===<br />
They were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref><ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref><ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> Although the stature of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent decreased from what it once was (more than 2 [[ranga]]), the Dúnedain were still about 2 [[ranga]] or 6'4" on average.<ref>{{UT|Linear}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Languages===<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], [[Sindarin]] was the regular spoken tongue of the [[Exiles of Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|7}}, note 16</ref> When they arrived on the coasts of [[Middle-earth]], few among the colonists on the coasts remembered [[Sindarin]] since the neglected [[Adûnaic]] was used as a ''lingua franca'' among the [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]], which developed into the [[Westron]] tongue.<ref name=Atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><ref name=languages/> They used therefore the [[Common Speech]] intheir dealing with other folk and in the government of their wide realms; but they enlarged the language and enriched it with many words drawn from the Elven-tongues. In the days of the Númenorean kings, [[Westron]] became used more and more by the Dúnedain themselves.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
Among the Dúnedain, "the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood in any degree," for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin|Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}, p. 34</ref> Many of the [[Men of Gondor]] could also speak the [[Elvish]] tongues, a notable distinction and characteristic among the Dúnedain there.<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] had long ceased to be a "first language" in [[Gondor]], but was learned in early youth (by the Dúnedain) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood. For example, the [[Stewards of Gondor]] belonged to a [[House of Húrin|noble family of Dúnedain]] of the ancient [[Faithful]] who used (beside the [[Common Speech]]) the [[Númenórean Sindarin]] tongue after the fashion of [[Gondor]]. It had changed very little since the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and though the [[Men of Gondor]] altered some of the sounds, they could still understand the [[Elves]] and be understood by them.<ref name="Elendil"/> [[Westron]] became used more and more by the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Sindarin]] was known to only a small part of the peoples of [[Gondor]] (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> <br />
<br />
[[Quenya]] was used by the Dúnedain, a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref><ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Gondor]] as well as all the [[Stewards]] until [[Mardil Voronwë]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=languages/><ref>{{App|South}}</ref> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names. The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref> At the end of the [[Third Age]], there were more Men (being of Dúnedain descent) that knew [[Quenya]] or spoke [[Sindarin]] than there were [[Elves]] (those of [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and [[Lórien]]) who did either.<ref name="quenya"/> <br />
<br />
===Waning of the Dúnedain===<br />
The [[Third Age]] marked the beginning of the waning of the Dúnedain, in which their gifts of wisdom, nobility, and long life were slowly withdrawn due to the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and their mingling with [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
In the beginning of their history, the Dúnedain were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=languages/> <br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the strife and dissensions between the kingdoms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]] hastened the waning of the Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> "More swift was the waning in the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]], for [[Eriador]] became colder and there, the Dúnedain became ever less".<ref>{{PM|Third}}, p. 227</ref> The Dúnedain of Arnor, unlike their [[Gondorians|kin to the South]], were of unmingled [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.<ref name=blood>{{VT|42a}}, pp. 11-3</ref> Although, their lifespans ever continued to shorten, the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], especially their [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains]], maintained significant longevity living to twice the age of [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=eriador/><ref>{{PM|Second}}</ref> The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] even lived up to 160 years or more.<ref name=Tale>{{PM|Aii}}, p. 263</ref><br />
<br />
After [[Gondor]]'s numbers were replenished by lesser [[Northmen]] after the [[Kin-Strife]], the mingling did not at first hasten the waning of the Dúnedain, as had been feared, but it still proceeded little by little as it had before.<ref name=gondor/> However, after the fall of the [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]], the waning was much swifter in [[Gondor]] than in [[Arnor]].<ref name=eriador/> In fact, [[Hador (Steward of Gondor)|Hador]] the seventh [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] was the last [[Gondorian]] to live 150 years and after his time the life-span of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood waned more rapidly.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], few among the [[Gondorians]] passed 100 years with vigour, except in the more pure and noble houses.<ref>{{RK|Houses}}</ref><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]], the might and dignity of the Dúnedain was lifted up and their glory was renewed.<ref name=rings/> Greatest among them was their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] [[Aragorn II Elessar]] who lived up to 210 years (the longest since King [[Arvegil]]),<ref name=eriador/> and he received in some measure their former gifts. He wedded [[Arwen Undomiel]], daughter of [[Elrond]], brother of [[Elros]] first [[King of Númenor|King of Númenór]], and so restored the majesty and high lineage of the royal [[House of Telcontar]], but their life-span was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Dunedain.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
{{quote|I thought you knew enough [[Elvish]] at least to know ''[[dûn|dún]]-[[adan]]'': Man of the West, Númenórean.|[[Bilbo Baggins]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Many Meetings]]"}}<br />
<br />
They are also called the ''Men of the West'' and the ''Men of Westernesse'' (direct translations of the [[Sindarin]] term) and comes from ''[[dûn]]'' and ''[[adan]]''.<br />
<br />
The [[Quenya]] name was '''Núnatan''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈnuːnatan]}}), pl. '''Núnatani''' (pron. {{IPA|[nuːˈnatani]}}).<br />
<br />
The [[Westron]] name for ''Dúnadan'' was simply '''[[Adûn]]''', "westerner", but this name was seldom used.<br />
<br />
''[[The Silmarillion]]'' is explicit in noting that "Númenoreans" and "Dúnedain" are synonymous terms, meaning the same thing. Nevertheless, it seems more usual to call those born in [[Númenor]] "'''Númenoreans'''" and those living in [[Middle-earth]] post-[[Akallabêth]] "'''Dúnedain'''".<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunedain}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain| ]]<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]<br />
[[de:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunedain]]<br />
[[fi:Dúnedain]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Waning_of_D%C3%BAnedain&diff=329651Talk:Waning of Dúnedain2021-03-25T02:15:22Z<p>Tengwar: Move</p>
<hr />
<div>== Move ==<br />
<br />
I suggest moving this page to the Dúnedain page due to the section in the latter which is more coherent and sourced.--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 02:15, 25 March 2021 (UTC)</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Arnor&diff=329644Arnor2021-03-24T19:48:14Z<p>Tengwar: Revised this page. Lots of non-canon info and sources in-lined for the most part. Needs more pics especially for the infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Arnor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Kingdom of the North, The Lost Realm, The North-kingdom, The North-realm, The Northern Kingdom<br />
| location=Most of [[Eriador]]<br />
| capital=[[Annúminas]], later [[Fornost Erain]]<br />
| towns=[[Lond Daer]], [[Tharbad]], [[Bree]], [[Hobbiton]]<br />
| regions=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Rhudaur]]<br />
| population=Primarily [[Men of Arnor|Men]] (many [[Hobbits]] in [[the Shire]] and [[Bree-land]])<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Hobbitish]]<br />
| govern1=[[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]/[[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]]<br />
| govern2=[[Counsellor of the North-kingdom|Counsellors]]<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Númenor]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Independence<br />
| event2date={{TA|2}}<br />
| event3=Dissolution<br />
| event3date={{TA|861}}<br />
| event4=[[Arthedain|Last remnant]] destroyed<br />
| event4date={{TA|1974}}<br />
| event5=Re-founded<br />
| event5date=[[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}<br />
| followedby=[[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Arnor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
'''Arnor''', or the '''North-kingdom''', was one of the two [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] (the other being [[Gondor]] in the south) in the land of [[Eriador]] in [[Middle-earth]]. It was the original seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] who ruled over both Arnor and [[Gondor]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<!--"Events" in Eriador infobox links here--><br />
===Second Age===<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Ann18.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Steven White, Jr. - ''Palace Complex at Annúminas'']]<br />
====Foundation====<br />
During the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his people sailed through the [[Gulf of Lune]] and up the [[Lune]] river, and befriended the [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]]. After passing up the River [[Lhûn]] and into [[Eriador]], he established the realm of Arnor.<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
The native [[Men of Eriador]] accepted the rule of Arnor and helped to people and maintain the many places that the [[Númenóreans]] built.<ref name=rings/> The [[Men of Bree]] also became subjects of Arnor.<ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Elendil established the city of [[Annúminas]] as his capital. Besides the chief cities like Annúminas and [[Fornost]], the [[Men of Arnor]] concentrated around the courses of the Lhûn and the [[Baranduin]], [[Cardolan]], the hills of [[Rhudaur]], and built towers on [[Amon Sûl]]. Gil-galad and [[Elves of Lindon|his people]] built the [[Emyn Beraid]] for Elendil.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
Despite its precedence over it as the seat of the High King, Arnor was never as powerful and populous as Gondor.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
====War of the Last Alliance====<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Isildur 2.jpg|right|thumb|''Isildur'' in Peter Jackson's ''Fellowship of the Ring'']]<br />
In {{SA|3430}} Arnor joined forces with [[Gil-galad]] in a great alliance opposing Sauron, the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. When Elendil led his people against [[Sauron]], the [[Dúnedain]] and the other Men of Eriador marched together to the South.<ref name=rings/> In conjunction with southern forces from Gondor, they confronted Sauron's armies in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. This great war lasted several years, that reached [[Dagorlad]] and [[Mordor]] itself far in the south, culminating to the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. Both [[Elendil]] and his son [[Anárion]] were slain in this conflict, but [[Isildur]] cut the [[One Ring]] from Sauron's finger and prevailed. <br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
====Decline====<br />
Isildur (who was also King of Gondor) was the elder son of Elendil and would inherit the High Kingship and throne of Arnor but, he never reached his new realm; he was killed in {{TA|2}} in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], as did his three eldest sons. <br />
<br />
Isildur's fourth and youngest son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], who had remained at [[Rivendell]] due to his youth, became [[Heir of Isildur|his heir]] ({{TA|10}}). The Men of Arnor had suffered heavy casualties in the War, and the subsequent Disaster; there were too few to maintain the places Elendil had built and Arnor became depopulated. Arnor never fully recovered from the devastating loss.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
Because nor Valandil nor his subsequent heirs claimed the throne of Gondor, the realms were split; Arnor's rulers were occasionaly styled "[[King of Arnor|High King of Arnor]]", whereas in the south the ruler was 'just' [[Kings of Gondor|King]]. Arnor's capital was [[Annúminas]] on [[Lake Evendim]], but by {{TA|861}} [[Fornost Erain]] had taken its place. No longer a site of such importance, Annúminas became depopulated and was slowly abandoned.<br />
<br />
After the death of its tenth king, [[Eärendur (King of Arnor)|Eärendur]], in {{TA|861}}, Arnor was shaken by civil war between his three sons. The eldest, [[Amlaith]], claimed Kingship over all Arnor but was reduced to only ruling the region of Arthedain as his kingdom, while the other sons founded the breakaway kingdoms of [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]].<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Conflicts with Angmar ====<br />
{{main|Angmar War}}<br />
[[File:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']] <br />
There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the [[palantíri|palantír]] of [[Amon Sûl]]. Seeing the disunion in Arnor, Arnor's greatest enemy in the north by the middle of the Third Age (c. {{TA|1300}}) was [[Angmar]], ruled by the [[Witch-king|Witch King of Angmar]].<ref name=eriador/> <br />
<br />
Years later, Arnor was refounded ''de jure'' by the seventh [[King of Arthedain]], [[Argeleb I]], when [[Cardolan]] placed itself under the suzerainty of [[Arthedain]] as the line of [[Isildur]] had failed in the other kingdoms.<ref name=eriador/> This claim was resisted in [[Rhudaur]].<ref name=eriador/> <br />
<br />
Although the northern parts of [[Arthedain]] were little affected, Arnor was heavily affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of Arnor and Gondor) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died on the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name=eriador/> <br />
<br />
In spite of the North-kingdom variously and periodically allying with [[Cardolan]], [[Lindon]], [[Imladris]], and [[Lothlórien]], the forces of [[Angmar]] proved too powerful as it systematically destroyed the remnants of Arnor. It was only in {{TA|1974}} that the [[Witch-king]] invaded [[Arthedain]] and captured [[Fornost Erain]], thus ending the dominion of the North-kingdom. Although the [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]] destroyed Angmar in the following year, the people of Arnor had become too diminished to restore their kingdom.<ref name="eriador"/><ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
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[[The Shire]] was a fertile and well-tilled part of Arnor, but deserted during the waning days of the Kingdom when it was known as the splinter-realm of [[Arthedain]]; it had been the hunting grounds of the [[King of Arnor]]. The [[Hobbits]] (who lived in [[Dunland]] and parts of depopulated [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]) got official permission from King [[Argeleb II]] at [[Fornost]] to settle the lands. This was finally done in {{TA|1601}} by [[Bree-hobbits]] led by the brothers [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]]. By 30 years later, almost all of the [[Hobbits]] of Middle-earth could be found in [[the Shire]]. The [[Shire-hobbits]] considered themselves as subjects of the [[Kings of Arthedain|King]], at least nominally, considering the isolation of their country. Nevertheless, the [[Hobbits]] sent some support troops to the great battles Arnor fought against [[Angmar]].<ref name=eriador/> After the fall of Arnor, [[the Shire]] remained a minor but independent political unit and the title of [[Thain]] was established to fill the absence of a Kingship.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
==== Chieftains of the Dúnedain ====<br />
{{main|Chieftains of the Dúnedain}} <br />
[[Aranarth]], son of [[Arvedui Last-king]], perceived that the Northern Dúnedain had become too few to reestablish the North-kingdom. Instead of calling himself a king or prince, he assumed the title [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]]. Through them the royal line of Arnor was maintained successfully for a thousand years until the refounding of Arnor on [[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}. Thus, the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] were reduced to a few [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
==== War of the Ring ====<br />
{{main|War of the Ring}}<br />
Although the North-kingdom had been destroyed for a thousand years by the time the [[War of the Ring]] broke out, northern forces did participate in the War. [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] at the time, was a [[Rangers of the North|Ranger of the North]], and there were several of them operating during the conflict.<br />
<br />
There was also a battle fought in [[the Shire]], between Saruman's [[Ruffians]] and [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] militia forces. This was the last battle fought in the [[War of the Ring]], and resulted in the death of Saruman and the death or capture of his followers. This became known as the [[Battle of Bywater]], and represents the Hobbit contribution to the War.<ref name="lotr992-996">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[The Scouring of the Shire]], pp. 992-996.</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
===== Restoration of the North-kingdom =====<br />
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Last Steward of Gondor.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Rowena Morrill - ''The Last Steward of Gondor'']] <br />
[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was crowned by [[Gandalf]] as [[Aragorn|King Elessar]], and refounded Arnor as part of the greater [[Reunited Kingdom]]. The Reunited Kingdom included all the lands of Arnor in the North; [[The Shire|the Shire]] was an exception to this because Aragorn made a law that Men should not enter it, a law that he observed himself. He rebuilt [[Annúminas]] and when he went north, would rule from there.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> He also had the ruins of [[Fornost Erain]] rebuilt and made into a great city once again.<ref name="Bound">{{RK|VI7}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
The [[Númenórean]] [[King of Arnor]] governed the realm and its people with the frame of ancient law, of which he was administrator (and interpreter) but not the maker.<ref name="politics">{{L|244}}</ref><br />
<br />
After his accession, [[Aragorn]] also established a council in Arnor, because in {{FoA|13}}, he chose three [[Counsellor of the North-kingdom|Counsellors of the North-kingdom]] from the people of [[the Shire]] and [[Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater">{{App|B5}}</ref> These Counsellors were those appointed to the positions of the [[Thain]] and [[Mayor of the Shire]], and the [[Master of Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater"/><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
=== Regions===<br />
Arnor, at its greatest extent, included all of [[Eriador]], except the [[Lindon|regions]] beyond the [[Lune]], and the lands east of [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]].<ref name="eriador"/> Arnor also claimed the coasts as far north as the icy [[Forochel|Bay of Forochel]] as part of its dominion.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
* [[Arthedain]], the westernmost region of the North-kingdom bordering the [[Lune]]. <br />
* [[Cardolan]], the lands south of the [[East Road]], east of the [[Brandywine]].<br />
* [[Rhudaur]], the region between the [[Weather Hills]] and the [[Misty Mountains]].<br />
<br />
=== Cities, Fortresses, and Watchtowers===<br />
* [[Annúminas]], the old seat of the [[Kings of Arnor]] on the shore of [[Lake Evendim]]. <br />
* [[Fornost]], the later seat of the [[Kings of Arnor]] and [[Kings of Arthedain|Arthedain]] on the southern end of the [[North Downs]].<br />
* [[Bree]], an ancient township on the [[East Road]].<br />
* [[Lond Daer]], the [[Númenórean]] port on the [[Gwathló]].<br />
* [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], also called Weathertop, the highest of the [[Weather Hills]].<br />
* [[Tharbad]], the city at the crossings of [[Greyflood]].<br />
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=== The Palantíri===<br />
{{main|Palantíri}}<br />
There were seven [[palantíri]] in total. The northern kingdom possessed three:<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
* The [[Elostirion-stone]], kept in the tower of [[Elostirion]]. This was used to communicate with The Master Stone in [[Tol Eressëa]], the Lonely Isle of the Elves, along the [[Straight Road]]. It could not contact the other Middle-Earth stones.<br />
* The [[Amon Sûl-stone]], kept in the watchtower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]. The [[Amon Sûl-stone]] was a large stone, and the northern kings often used it to contact its corresponding large stone in Gondor, at the great dome of [[Osgiliath]].<br />
* The [[Annúminas-stone]], kept in Arnor's capital city of [[Annúminas]]. Though one of the lesser stones, it was the stone most often used by the [[Kings of Arnor]].<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
'''''Arnor''''' was the colloquial name for the '''North Kingdom'''. The North Kingdom, as the land was called at its conception, was also known as ''Turmen Follondiéva'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Arthor na Forlonnas'' in [[Sindarin]]. These names quickly fell out of use, in favour of ''Arnor'': the ''Land of the King'', so called for the kingship of [[Elendil]], and to seal its precedence over the [[Gondor|southern realm]]. In full, poetic Sindarin, it was called ''Arannor'', which mirrored its Quenya name, '''''Arandórë'''''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 28</ref> Though technically ''Arandórë'' would have a Sindarin form ''Ardor'', [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] chose ''Arnor'' because it sounded better. This linguistic change was ascribed to a later, Mannish development of Sindarin.<ref name="L347">{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 17</ref> The form '''''Arnanórë''''' is also seen.<ref name="L347" /><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2002: {{tttee}}:'''<br />
:Peter Jackson's movies do not mention the long history of how Arnor and Gondor diverged, nor do they mention Arnor by name. The one passing reference to it is in a scene from the Extended Edition, when Aragorn reveals to Éowyn that he is actually eighty-seven years old. She realises that he must be one of the [[Dúnedain]], a descendant of Númenor blessed with long life, but says that she thought his race had passed into legend. Aragorn acknowledges that he is one of the Dúnedain, and explains that there are not many of his people left, because "the Northern kingdom was destroyed long ago".<br />
<br />
'''2012: [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]:'''<br />
:The kingdom of Arnor is mentioned indirectly by [[Galadriel]] in the [[White Council]] scene, and so does the [[Angmar War|war with Angmar]] and it's aftermath too.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Dúnedain of Arnor]]<br />
* [[Kings of Arnor]]<br />
* [[Kings of Gondor]]<br />
* [[Gondor]]<br />
* [[War of the Last Alliance]]<br />
* [[War of the Ring]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Arnor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Arnor]]<br />
[[fi:Arnor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/arnor]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Dale_(Kingdom)&diff=329597Talk:Dale (Kingdom)2021-03-23T13:04:37Z<p>Tengwar: Just a suggestion</p>
<hr />
<div>==Merge?==<br />
<br />
Should this page and the other Dale page be merged? I feel like it'll serve a better purpose as being 1 page with all the information in one page. Besides, the location is always refeered to as being just "Dale" and never the "Kingdom of Dale". The only difference is that earlier they were ruled by the "Lord of Dale" and later the "King of Dale". What do y'all think?--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 18:05, 10 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:I have to admit I am inclined to agree. --{{User:Mith/sig}}<br />
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::That's good. I'll get right to it.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 19:48, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:::Well, let's see if anyone else has a contrary opinion first. There's no rush. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:56, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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::::Oh damn, I already did it. If you wanna undo it go ahead. My bad. Only saw this after.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 21:23, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:The way I see it, I don't think it should be merged because both articles have different purposes as it says in the disambiguation on the top one talks about the city and one talks about the political entity. I see it like Venice and Republic of Venice if that makes sense. [[User:Gaetano|Gaetano]] 00:46, 21 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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::Right...but the thing is, it never existed as a kingdom; its rulers merely ruled over one political entity with two different titles. Besides, the histories of both articles were anyways identical. It is reduntant to keep both. All the political history is anyways included on that article. Also, the cultural history should be in the article for the "Men of Dale". Just a thought.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 03:44, 21 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:::If the entities are different, I would support two different articles, but cleaned up so that they don't repeat the same information. But I always thought that the post-Bard Dale was a kingdom that included a wider area (including the town proper) ruled by a King, not a Lord. PS. I agree that the culture section belongs to the Men of Dale article. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 09:55, 21 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:::The article already acknowledges that it didn't exist as a kingdom in the time of Girion, it refers it as township. I also agree with your last point. [[User:Gaetano|Gaetano]] 13:28, 21 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:::Would a move to the page "Dale (Kingdom)" solve this problem without having to merge the two pages together? Also, due to the limited information on the "King of Dale" page, would it be suitable to merge the info to this page? Thoughts on this?--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 13:04, 23 March 2021 (UTC)</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondorians&diff=329523Gondorians2021-03-21T03:43:53Z<p>Tengwar: Whoops forgot a small tweak</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Gondorians<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Gondorian.jpg|250px]]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Liz Danforth - Gondorian.jpg|Gondorian]]" by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Men of Gondor, Stone-folk, Stonehouse-folk<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Gondor]]<ref group="note">Gondorians are descended from a mixture of [[Númenóreans]] and non-[[Númenóreans]]; namely [[Northmen]] refugees from [[Rhovanion]] and indigenous [[Men of the Mountains]].</ref><ref>{{L|64}}, also [[Letter 144]], [[Letter 256]]</ref><ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref name=gondor/><br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Black Númenóreans]], [[Corsairs of Umbar]], [[Easterlings]], [[Haradrim]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]] <br />
| members=[[Denethor]], [[Boromir]], [[Faramir]], [[Imrahil]], [[Borondir]]<br />
| lifespan=''[[#Lifespan|See below]]''<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Gondorians''' were the inhabitants of [[Gondor]]. The '''Dúnedain of Gondor''', also known as the '''Dúnedain of the South''', constituted the ruling class and nobility of [[Gondor]] being descendants of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] who established the South-Kingdom. The history of the Gondorians is extensively dominated by the actions of the Dúnedain of the South.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
In [[Númenor]]ean colonies and outposts, such as [[Belfalas]] and [[Pelargir]], there were many [[Faithful]], fully or partially of [[Númenórean]] blood, who descended from [[Númenor]].<ref name=rings/> The Númenóreans venturing north of Pelargir met Men who had already settled in valleys on either side of the [[White Mountains]], and classified them "[[Middle Men]]" due to their friendliness to the [[West]], and recognized as descendants of the Men who abjured the [[Shadow]].<ref name=atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref> There were many men of mingled blood, descended from the [[Men of the Mountains|Men of]] the [[White Mountains]] during the [[Dark Years]].<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Departure from Gondor.jpg|thumb|''Departure from Gondor'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]]. Arriving at the [[Mouths of Anduin]], Elendil's sons, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], ascended the great river and founded the realm of Gondor. The colonists welcomed them and allied themselves with the founders of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> Elendil made the Faithful nobles of his kin who ruled Belfalas "[[Princes of Dol Amroth|Princes]]".<ref name="Cirion"/> Even the [[Pre-Númenóreans|non-Númenórean]] peoples, like the [[Men of the Mountains]], swore allegiance to Isildur.<ref>{{RK|V2}}</ref><br />
<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], the [[Dúnedain]] were divided as the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] and the [[Dúnedain of the South|Dúnedain of Gondor]], following [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|the death of Isildur]] ({{TA|2}}). Isildur had relinquished the rule of Gondor to his nephew [[Meneldil]] who became the first [[King of Gondor]] to rule in his own right, and so the Gondorians became an independent people.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
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The Men of Gondor were, from the beginnning of their history, always more powerful and populous than their northern counterparts, the [[Men of Arnor]], in spite of their borders being impeded in the South and East.<ref name=atani/><br />
===Third Age===<br />
As the realm endured, the splendour of the Gondorians grew, until during the reign of [[Hyarmendacil I]] ({{TA|1050}}) it recalled the wealth and majesty of [[Númenor]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name="AppB"/> They built high towers, strong places, and havens of many ships; and peoples of many lands and tongues bowed to the [[Crown of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><br />
[[File:John Howe - The Watchful Peace.jpg|thumb|''The Watchful Peace'' by [[John Howe]]]]<br />
In the later [[Third Age]], the Gondorian blood became much mingled with that of other men, especially the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]]. King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], who himself had Northmannish blood, showed favour to the Northmen who supported him. The [[Kin-strife]] led to the loss of many Dúnedain. After his return from exile, many noble houses, including the royal [[House of Anárion]], became more mingled with the blood of [[Middle Men|"lesser" Men]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
The [[Great Plague]] decimated the Gondorians with many, including King [[Telemnar]] and his kin.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
After the reign of King [[Eärnur]], royal descendants among the Dúnedain of Gondor had become few and no claimant for the throne could be found of pure Númenórean blood, or whose claim all would accept, and people were afraid of a new Kin-strife that would devastate the kingdom. Thus, by default, [[Mardil]] began the line of [[Ruling Stewards of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
During the rule of the [[Stewards]], the remaining Dúnedain of Gondor still defended the passage of the [[Anduin]] against the terrors of [[Minas Morgul]] and against all the enemies of the West.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], most Gondorians lived within [[Minas Tirith]] and few herdsmen and husbandmen dwelt in the townlands of the [[Pelennor]]. Many Dúnedain were in the royal lands of [[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], and [[Belfalas]], and others the southern fiefs, in the high vales of the mountain-borders, in [[Lossarnach]], or further south in [[Lebennin]].<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><ref name=languages/><ref name="Language">{{PM|Languages}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their glory was restored.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Appearance and Traits===<br />
The Gondorians of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref><ref name="Minas Tirith"/> They were a proud and noble people, valiant in the face of hardhsip.<ref name="Minas Tirith"/> The Men of [[Gondor]] whose blood is more mingled with the people of the [[White Mountains]] (such as those of [[Lossarnach]]) were grim-faced, shorter, and somewhat swarthier than many others in [[Gondor]].<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><br />
<br />
===Lifespan===<br />
In the beginning of their history, the Dúnedain were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref name=languages/> After Gondor's numbers were replenished by lesser [[Northmen]] after the [[Kin-Strife]], the mingling did not at first hasten the waning of the Dúnedain, as had been feared, but it still proceeded little by little as it had before.<ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
After the fall of the [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]], the waning was much swifter in [[Gondor]] than in [[Arnor]].<ref name=eriador/> In fact, [[Hador (Steward of Gondor)|Hador]] the seventh [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] was the last Gondorian to live 150 years and after his time the life-span of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood waned more rapidly.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the lifespan of the Dúnedain of Gondor had waned to little greater than that of lesser men.<ref name=Healing/> Only few among the Gondorians passed 100 years with vigour, except in the more pure and noble houses.<ref name=Healing/><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Two Kingdoms]], the life-span of all [[Dúnedain]] (including those of Gondor) was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Skills===<br />
The original Gondorians brought extraordinary knowledge of stonework with them from [[Númenor]], and this skill was a vital part of the character of [[Gondor]] and its people. In the early years of the realm, the Gondorians worked to erect mighty cities and monuments throughout their new land. Their original capital at [[Osgiliath]] had great stone bridges spanned the [[Anduin]], as well as mighty houses and towers of stone.Other works marvellous and strong they built in the land in the days of their power, at the [[Argonath]], and at [[Aglarond]], and at [[Erech]]; and at [[Isengard]], they made the [[Orthanc|Pinnacle of Orthanc]] of unbreakable stone.<ref name=rings/> They also built great roads that ran both north and south of the [[White Mountains]].<ref>{{RK|Ride}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Gondorians were very skilled in the arts of healing and medicine, having preserved much wisdom of [[Númenor]].<ref name="Cirion"/> They were skilled in healing all such sickness [[Men]] were subject to.<ref name=Healing>{{RK|Houses}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Men of [[Gondor]] were noted for their great seafaring skills, especially naval warfare. They built navies and extended the sway of Gondor along the coasts west and south of the [[Mouths of Anduin]] for more than a thousand years.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
===Customs===<br />
The Dúnedain of the South married late in their life and had few children. Several of the [[Kings of Gondor]] were childless.<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
Before a meal, the Gondorians had a little ritual called the [[Standing Silence]]: they looked towards the [[West]] in silence, towards [[Númenor]], and beyond to [[Aman]], and to that which is beyond Elvenhome.<ref>{{TT|Window}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gondorian ships were usually black and silver in colour.<ref>{{webcite|author=Daniel Helen|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/2015/11/tolkiens-annotated-map-of-middle-earth-transcribed/|articlename=Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed|dated=10 November 2015|website=The Tolkien Society|accessed=5 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
The people of [[Minas Tirith]] used horses very little and they were rarely seen in their streets, save only those ridden by the errand-riders of their lord.<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
[[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the main language of the people of [[Gondor]]. An antique, more formal and terse, form of the Common Tongue was spoken by the Gondorians.<ref>{{App|Translation}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Many of the Men of Gondor could also speak the [[Elvish]] tongues, a notable distinction and characteristic among the [[Dúnedain of the South]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] had long ceased to be a "first language" in [[Gondor]], but was learned in early youth (by those claiming [[Númenórean]] descent) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood.<ref name="Elendil"/> It had changed very little since the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and though the Men of [[Gondor]] altered some of the sounds, they could still understand the [[Elves]] and be understood by them.<ref name="Elendil"/> [[Westron]] became used more and more by the Dúnedain of Gondor themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Sindarin]] was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] was used to be polite, especially in [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Quenya]] was known to the learned of [[Gondor]], a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name="quenya"/><ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Gondor]] as well as all the [[Stewards]] until [[Mardil Voronwë]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=languages/><ref>{{App|South}}</ref> At the end of the [[Third Age]], there were more [[Men]] (those of [[Minas Tirith]] and its fiefs) that knew [[Quenya]] or spoke [[Sindarin]] than there were [[Elves]] (those of [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and [[Lórien]]) who did either.<ref name="quenya"/> <br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: Gondorians, or Gondorian Commoners, are one of the cultures, suitable for player characters, that are given a detailed description. The Gondorians contain varying degrees of blood from Dúnedain, [[Northmen]] and Men from [[Harad]] and [[Dunland]].<ref>{{ICE|2001}}, p. 168</ref><ref>{{ICE|2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Dúnedain of Arnor]]<br />
<br />
{{references|notes}}<br />
[[Category:Men]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondorians&diff=329522Gondorians2021-03-21T03:32:43Z<p>Tengwar: Small details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Gondorians<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Gondorian.jpg|250px]]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Liz Danforth - Gondorian.jpg|Gondorian]]" by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Men of Gondor, Stone-folk, Stonehouse-folk<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Gondor]]<ref group="note">Gondorians are descended from a mixture of [[Númenóreans]] and non-[[Númenóreans]]; namely [[Northmen]] refugees from [[Rhovanion]] and indigenous [[Men of the Mountains]].</ref><ref>{{L|64}}, also [[Letter 144]], [[Letter 256]]</ref><ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref name=gondor/><br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Black Númenóreans]], [[Corsairs of Umbar]], [[Easterlings]], [[Haradrim]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]] <br />
| members=[[Denethor]], [[Boromir]], [[Faramir]], [[Imrahil]], [[Borondir]]<br />
| lifespan=''[[#Lifespan|See below]]''<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Gondorians''' were the inhabitants of [[Gondor]]. The '''Dúnedain of Gondor''', also known as the '''Dúnedain of the South''', constituted the ruling class and nobility of [[Gondor]] being descendants of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] who established the South-Kingdom. The history of the Gondorians is extensively dominated by the actions of the Dúnedain of the South.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
In [[Númenor]]ean colonies and outposts, such as [[Belfalas]] and [[Pelargir]], there were many [[Faithful]], fully or partially of [[Númenórean]] blood, who descended from [[Númenor]].<ref name=rings/> The Númenóreans venturing north of Pelargir met Men who had already settled in valleys on either side of the [[White Mountains]], and classified them "[[Middle Men]]" due to their friendliness to the [[West]], and recognized as descendants of the Men who abjured the [[Shadow]].<ref name=atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref> There were many men of mingled blood, descended from the [[Men of the Mountains|Men of]] the [[White Mountains]] during the [[Dark Years]].<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Departure from Gondor.jpg|thumb|''Departure from Gondor'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]]. Arriving at the [[Mouths of Anduin]], Elendil's sons, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], ascended the great river and founded the realm of Gondor. The colonists welcomed them and allied themselves with the founders of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> Elendil made the Faithful nobles of his kin who ruled Belfalas "[[Princes of Dol Amroth|Princes]]".<ref name="Cirion"/> Even the [[Pre-Númenóreans|non-Númenórean]] peoples, like the [[Men of the Mountains]], swore allegiance to Isildur.<ref>{{RK|V2}}</ref><br />
<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], the [[Dúnedain]] were divided as the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] and the [[Dúnedain of the South|Dúnedain of Gondor]], following [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|the death of Isildur]] ({{TA|2}}). Isildur had relinquished the rule of Gondor to his nephew [[Meneldil]] who became the first [[King of Gondor]] to rule in his own right, and so the Gondorians became an independent people.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Men of Gondor were, from the beginnning of their history, always more powerful and populous than their northern counterparts, the [[Men of Arnor]], in spite of their borders being impeded in the South and East.<ref name=atani/><br />
===Third Age===<br />
As the realm endured, the splendour of the Gondorians grew, until during the reign of [[Hyarmendacil I]] ({{TA|1050}}) it recalled the wealth and majesty of [[Númenor]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name="AppB"/> They built high towers, strong places, and havens of many ships; and peoples of many lands and tongues bowed to the [[Crown of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><br />
[[File:John Howe - The Watchful Peace.jpg|thumb|''The Watchful Peace'' by [[John Howe]]]]<br />
In the later [[Third Age]], the Gondorian blood became much mingled with that of other men, especially the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]]. King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], who himself had Northmannish blood, showed favour to the Northmen who supported him. The [[Kin-strife]] led to the loss of many Dúnedain. After his return from exile, many noble houses, including the royal [[House of Anárion]], became more mingled with the blood of [[Middle Men|"lesser" Men]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
The [[Great Plague]] decimated the Gondorians with many, including King [[Telemnar]] and his kin.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
After the reign of King [[Eärnur]], royal descendants among the Dúnedain of Gondor had become few and no claimant for the throne could be found of pure Númenórean blood, or whose claim all would accept, and people were afraid of a new Kin-strife that would devastate the kingdom. Thus, by default, [[Mardil]] began the line of [[Ruling Stewards of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
During the rule of the [[Stewards]], the remaining Dúnedain of Gondor still defended the passage of the [[Anduin]] against the terrors of [[Minas Morgul]] and against all the enemies of the West.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], most Gondorians lived within [[Minas Tirith]] and few herdsmen and husbandmen dwelt in the townlands of the [[Pelennor]]. Many Dúnedain were in the royal lands of [[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], and [[Belfalas]], and others the southern fiefs, in the high vales of the mountain-borders, in [[Lossarnach]], or further south in [[Lebennin]].<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><ref name=languages/><ref name="Language">{{PM|Languages}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their glory was restored.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Appearance and Traits===<br />
The Gondorians of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref><ref name="Minas Tirith"/> They were a proud and noble people, valiant in the face of hardhsip.<ref name="Minas Tirith"/> The Men of [[Gondor]] whose blood is more mingled with the people of the [[White Mountains]] (such as those of [[Lossarnach]]) were grim-faced, shorter, and somewhat swarthier than many others in [[Gondor]].<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><br />
<br />
===Lifespan===<br />
In the beginning of their history, the Dúnedain (including those of Gondor) were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
The [[Third Age]] marked the beginning of the waning of the Dúnedain, in which their gifts of wisdom, nobility, and long life were slowly withdrawn due to the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and their mingling with [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
After Gondor's numbers were replenished by lesser [[Northmen]] after the [[Kin-Strife]], the mingling did not at first hasten the waning of the Dúnedain, as had been feared, but it still proceeded little by little as it had before.<ref name=gondor/> However, after the fall of the [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]], the waning was much swifter in [[Gondor]] than in [[Arnor]].<ref name=eriador/> In fact, [[Hador (Steward of Gondor)|Hador]] the seventh [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] was the last Gondorian to live 150 years and after his time the life-span of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood waned more rapidly.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the lifespan of the Gondorians had waned to little greater than that of lesser men.<ref name=Healing/> Only few among the Gondorians passed 100 years with vigour, except in the more pure and noble houses.<ref name=Healing/><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Two Kingdoms]], the life-span of all [[Dúnedain]] (including those of Gondor) was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Skills===<br />
The original Gondorians brought extraordinary knowledge of stonework with them from [[Númenor]], and this skill was a vital part of the character of [[Gondor]] and its people. In the early years of the realm, the Gondorians worked to erect mighty cities and monuments throughout their new land. Their original capital at [[Osgiliath]] had great stone bridges spanned the [[Anduin]], as well as mighty houses and towers of stone.Other works marvellous and strong they built in the land in the days of their power, at the [[Argonath]], and at [[Aglarond]], and at [[Erech]]; and at [[Isengard]], they made the [[Orthanc|Pinnacle of Orthanc]] of unbreakable stone.<ref name=rings/> They also built great roads that ran both north and south of the [[White Mountains]].<ref>{{RK|Ride}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Gondorians were very skilled in the arts of healing and medicine, having preserved much wisdom of [[Númenor]].<ref name="Cirion"/> They were skilled in healing all such sickness [[Men]] were subject to.<ref name=Healing>{{RK|Houses}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Men of [[Gondor]] were noted for their great seafaring skills, especially naval warfare. They built navies and extended the sway of Gondor along the coasts west and south of the [[Mouths of Anduin]] for more than a thousand years.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
===Customs===<br />
The Dúnedain of the South married late in their life and had few children. Several of the [[Kings of Gondor]] were childless.<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
Before a meal, the Gondorians had a little ritual called the [[Standing Silence]]: they looked towards the [[West]] in silence, towards [[Númenor]], and beyond to [[Aman]], and to that which is beyond Elvenhome.<ref>{{TT|Window}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gondorian ships were usually black and silver in colour.<ref>{{webcite|author=Daniel Helen|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/2015/11/tolkiens-annotated-map-of-middle-earth-transcribed/|articlename=Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed|dated=10 November 2015|website=The Tolkien Society|accessed=5 August 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
The people of [[Minas Tirith]] used horses very little and they were rarely seen in their streets, save only those ridden by the errand-riders of their lord.<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
[[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the main language of the people of [[Gondor]]. An antique, more formal and terse, form of the Common Tongue was spoken by the Gondorians.<ref>{{App|Translation}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Many of the Men of Gondor could also speak the [[Elvish]] tongues, a notable distinction and characteristic among the [[Dúnedain of the South]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] had long ceased to be a "first language" in [[Gondor]], but was learned in early youth (by those claiming [[Númenórean]] descent) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood.<ref name="Elendil"/> It had changed very little since the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and though the Men of [[Gondor]] altered some of the sounds, they could still understand the [[Elves]] and be understood by them.<ref name="Elendil"/> [[Westron]] became used more and more by the Dúnedain of Gondor themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Sindarin]] was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] was used to be polite, especially in [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Quenya]] was known to the learned of [[Gondor]], a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name="quenya"/><ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Gondor]] as well as all the [[Stewards]] until [[Mardil Voronwë]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=languages/><ref>{{App|South}}</ref> At the end of the [[Third Age]], there were more [[Men]] (those of [[Minas Tirith]] and its fiefs) that knew [[Quenya]] or spoke [[Sindarin]] than there were [[Elves]] (those of [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and [[Lórien]]) who did either.<ref name="quenya"/> <br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: Gondorians, or Gondorian Commoners, are one of the cultures, suitable for player characters, that are given a detailed description. The Gondorians contain varying degrees of blood from Dúnedain, [[Northmen]] and Men from [[Harad]] and [[Dunland]].<ref>{{ICE|2001}}, p. 168</ref><ref>{{ICE|2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references|notes}}<br />
[[Category:Men]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dior&diff=329511Dior2021-03-20T18:03:55Z<p>Tengwar: Cleaned up some references. Added a section with his fate in OVOTL. Feel free to clean up !</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]|the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]]|[[Dior (Steward of Gondor)]]}}<br />
{{half-elf infobox<br />
| name=Dior<br />
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Descendants of Thingol 2.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Descendants of Thingol" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Aranel, Eluchíl<br />
| titles=Thingol's Heir, [[King of Doriath]], [[Peredhil]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Ossiriand]], [[Doriath]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Doriathrin]]<br />
| birth={{FA|470}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Tol Galen]]<br />
| rule={{FA|503}} - {{FA|506|n}}<br />
| death={{FA|506}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Menegroth]], [[Second Kinslaying]]<br />
| age=36<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Bëor]]<br />
| heritage=[[Men|Mannish]] father, half-[[Elves|Elf]]/half-[[Maia]] mother<br />
| parentage=[[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]<br />
| children=[[Elwing]], [[Eluréd]], [[Elurín]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=Presumably [[Aranrúth]]<ref name="NumenorUT">{{UT|3}}, note 2</ref><br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Dior''' was the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]], and the grandson and heir to the throne of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], [[King of Doriath]]. Dior was the first of the [[Peredhil]].<ref>{{PM|Finwe}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Dior was born on the island of [[Tol Galen]] in [[East Beleriand]].<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref> When he was 27, he married [[Nimloth of Doriath]],<ref group=note>[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth's]] parentage is uncertain. She may have been the daughter of [[Galathil]], grandson of [[Elmo]], younger brother of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]. This would make Nimloth and Dior second cousins once removed.</ref> and took her back to live by the [[Lanthir Lamath]] waterfall at the base of the [[Blue Mountains]]. There, they had three children: [[Elwing]], [[Eluréd]], and [[Elurín]]. <br />
<br />
After [[Thingol]] was slain by the [[Dwarves]] who coveted the [[Nauglamír]], Dior with his father and a host of [[Green-elves]] of [[Ossiriand]] journeyed swiftly north to the river [[Ascar]] and fought the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] in the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]].<ref name=Doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{FA|503}}, he and his family went to [[Menegroth]] and restored the realm of [[Doriath]]. After the death of his parents, a lord of the [[Laiquendi]] came to [[Doriath]] bringing the [[Nauglamír]], which was worn by his mother. After mourning, he decided to wear it himself. When he placed the [[Nauglamír]] on himself, it sat lightly and he appeared as the fairest of three living races: [[Maiar]], [[Elves|Elven]], and [[Men|Human]]. This news came to the [[Sons of Fëanor]], who came to [[Doriath]] with their followers, consumed by the [[Oath of Fëanor]].<ref name=Doriath/><br />
<br />
Dior managed to kill [[Celegorm]], and [[Caranthir]] and [[Curufin]] were also slain, but the kingdom of [[Doriath]] was destroyed. Dior and [[Nimloth]] were slain during the [[Second Kinslaying]], along with anyone trying to prevent the [[Sons of Fëanor]] from gaining the [[Silmaril]].<ref name=Doriath/> <br />
<br />
After the attack, the servants of [[Celegorm]] left [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]] in the forest to die. [[Elwing]], however, carrying the [[Nauglamír]], escaped with the remnant of the [[Iathrim|Elves of Doriath]] to the [[Havens of Sirion]].<ref name=Doriath></ref> Years later, she would wed [[Eärendil]] and together they would seek aid from [[Valinor]].<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | THI |y| MEL | | HOB | | | |THI=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|HOB=[[House of Bëor]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | |:| | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT=[[Lúthien]]|BER=[[Beren]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO='''DIOR'''|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]<sup>1</sup>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELN |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ELD | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELD=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], the name ''Dior'' is said to mean "successor" in [[Doriathrin]]. The name derives from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''ndeuro'' ("follower, successor"), from [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NDEW]].<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 375</ref><br />
<br />
Dior was also called '''''Eluchíl''''' ("Heir of Elu")<ref name="Index">{{S|Index}}</ref>, '''''Aranel''''' ("Noble Elf" or "King of Elves"), <ref name="Index"/><ref name=Fifth/> and '''the Fair'''.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|The Book of Lost Tales]]'', a name of Dior was '''''[[Ausir (disambiguation)|Ausir]]''''' ([[Gnomish|Gn.]] "The Wealthy").<ref>{{LT2|V}}, pp. 240, 244, 251</ref><ref>{{PE|11}}, p. 20</ref><br />
<br />
===Dior's Fate===<br />
In an older version of the ''Quenta Silmarillion'', [[Manwë]] spoke this judgment to [[Eärendil]]: <br />
{{quote|To Eärendel I remit the ban, and the peril that he took upon himself out of love for the Two Kindreds shall not fall on him; neither shall it fall upon Elwing who entered into peril for love of Eärendel: save only in this: they shall not ever walk again among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. Now all those who have the blood of mortal Men, in whatever part, great or small, are mortal, unless other doom be granted to them; but in this matter the power of doom is given to me.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings, Quenta Silmarillion}}<br />
<br />
[[Christopher Tolkien]] interprets it as that Dior would inherit his father's mortality, irrespective of his mother's nature and choice:<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, The Conclusion Of The Quenta Silmarillion, §9</ref><br />
{{quote|§9 It is to be observed that according to the judgement of Manwë Dior Thingol’s Heir, son of Beren, was mortal irrespective of the choice of his mother.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings, The Conclusion Of The Quenta Silmarillion, §9}}<br />
<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=halfelf<br />
| house=[[House of Bëor]]<br />
| born={{FA|470}}<br />
| died={{FA|506}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Thingol]]<br />
| pvac=<br />
| list=2nd [[King of Doriath]]<br />
| dates={{FA|503}} – {{FA|506|n}}<br />
| next=[[Doriath]] destroyed<br />
| nvac=None<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Gnomish names]]<br />
[[Category:Half-elven]]<br />
[[Category:House of Thingol]]<br />
[[Category:Ilkorin names]]<br />
[[Category:Sindar]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Dior Aranel]]<br />
[[fi:Dior Eluchíl]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:semi-elfes:dior]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_II&diff=329507Durin II2021-03-20T16:10:59Z<p>Tengwar: Re-organized and deleted the detail about the alliance with men because its incorrect</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin II<br />
| image=[[File:Philip Kerst - Durin II.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="Durin II" by [[:Category:Images by Philip Kerst|Philip Kerst]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| location=[[Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth=<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin II''' (lived sometime during [[First Age]] or early [[Second Age]]<ref group="note">[[Durin|Durin the Deathless]] is described as having died before the end of the First Age, whilst [[Durin III]] received one of the [[Seven Rings]].</ref><ref name="AppDurin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>) was a [[King of Durin's folk]] and [[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Like all Durins after [[Durin|Durin I]] he was given the name of the first [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves|Father of the Dwarves]] because he greatly resembled him in both appearance and manner. Indeed it was believed among the Dwarves that he was the reincarnation of Durin I, though whether this is possible is unclear.<ref name="AppDurin"/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
One account states that the name ''Durin ''was a word for "king" in the language of the [[Men of the North]] in the early [[Second Age]].<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another account states that ''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
==Theories==<br />
[[Robert Foster]], author of ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', has suggested that this is the Durin named on the [[Doors of Durin]] of Moria, built around {{SA|750}}.<ref>[[Robert Foster]] (1971), ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', entry ''DURIN II''</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1=[[Durin|Durin I]]</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2='''DURIN II'''</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3=[[Durin III]]</br><small>''fl. {{SA|1600}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4=[[Durin IV]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5=[[Durin V]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR=[[Durin VI]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Durin|Durin I]] ([[Elder Days]])<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Next known:<br/>[[Durin III|Durin&nbsp;III]]&nbsp;(mid-[[Second Age|Second&nbsp;Age]])<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durin II.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:durin_ii]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_III&diff=329505Durin III2021-03-20T16:04:51Z<p>Tengwar: Expanded on certain details and tidied up the infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin III<br />
| image=[[File:Ahmet Can Kahraman - Durin III.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Durin III" by [[:Category:Images by Ahmet Can Kahraman|Ahmet Can Kahraman]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]]<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> <br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth=Before c. {{SA|1500}} - c. {{SA|1590|n}}<ref name="Durin"/><br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=After {{SA|1697}}<ref name="Galadriel"/><br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=107+<br />
| notablefor=Gifted the [[Ring of Durin]]<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin III''' (fl. {{SA|1600}}s) was the [[King of Durin's folk]] who ruled the great [[Dwarves|Dwarf]]-city of [[Khazad-dûm]] at the time of Sauron's [[Sack of Eregion|assault]] on [[Eregion]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Like all Durins after [[Durin|Durin I]], he was given the name of the first [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves|Father of the Dwarves]] because he greatly resembled him in both appearance and manner. Indeed it was believed among the Dwarves that he was the reincarnation of Durin I, though whether this is possible is unclear.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
During his reign in the 16th century of the Second Age, the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] had struck a rare friendship with the [[Elves of Eregion]]. Around {{SA|1500}}, the Elves, guided by [[Annatar]], began forging the [[Rings of Power]].<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> According to the Dwarves, [[Celebrimbor]] and the Elven-smiths gave Durin the first of the [[Seven Rings|Seven Rings]] of the Dwarves (other traditions state that [[Celebrimbor]] was said to have yielded the Seven - all the Seven - to [[Sauron]] after torture and it was Sauron who gifted the ring to Durin).<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
Their instructor in crafting the Rings, the wise [[Annatar]], was actually [[Sauron]] who had come to corrupt the Elves through the Rings of Power. By {{SA|1697}}, seeing that he could not control either the Elves nor the Dwarves through the Rings, he led a large army towards Eregion. In response, Durin sent a great force of Dwarves to the aid of [[Celebrimbor]], but with the [[Sack of Eregion|fall of Eregion]], his warriors were driven back and the [[Doors of Durin]] were shut. Their actions were not in vain for it was by the aid of Durin that [[Elrond]] was able to escape and establish the refuge of [[Imladris]] in the North.<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sauron's assault on Eregion was only the beginning of his campaign of conquest. His servants also invaded [[Gundabad]] and the [[Ered Mithrin]], cutting off communications between Durin III and the [[Iron Hills]]. Consequently, the [[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]] came to an end during his reign.<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> Although [[Eregion]] was conquered, Durin III's people were too numerous and valiant, and his halls too deep and strong, to be taken by Sauron.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
One account states that the name ''Durin ''was a word for "king" in the language of the [[Men of the North]] in the early [[Second Age]].<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another account states that ''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1=[[Durin|Durin I]]</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2=[[Durin II]]</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3='''DURIN III'''</br><small>''fl. {{SA|1600}}s''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4=[[Durin IV]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5=[[Durin V]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR=[[Durin VI]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:In the prologue, Durin III appears with the other six Lords receiving their [[Seven Rings|Rings]]. He is only identified as Durin on a [[Decipher Card]]. <br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Durin II]]<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| dates=Mid-[[Second Age]]<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Next known:<br/>[[Durin IV]]<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| dates=Mid-[[Second Age]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Durin III.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:2a:durin_iii]]<br />
[[fi:Durin III]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_VI&diff=329484Durin VI2021-03-19T18:40:29Z<p>Tengwar: /* Etymology */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin VI<br />
| image=[[File:Philip Kerst - Durin VI.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="Durin VI" by [[:Category:Images by Philip Kerst|Philip Kerst]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth={{TA|1731}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=''unknown'' - {{TA|1980}}<br />
| death={{TA|1980}}<br />
| deathlocation=Killed by [[Durin's Bane]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| age=249<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Náin I]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin VI''' ([[Third Age]] {{TA|1731|n}} – {{TA|1980|n}}, lived 249 years) was a King of Durin's folk and ruled at their capital, the great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Like all Durins after [[Durin|Durin I]] he was given the name of the first [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Father of the Dwarves]] because he greatly resembled him in both appearance and manner. Indeed it was believed among the Dwarves that he was the reincarnation of Durin I, though whether this is possible is unclear.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
Near the end of Durin VI's reign, the Dwarves, mining for ''[[mithril]]'', encountered a [[Balrogs|Balrog]] that had hidden itself deep beneath the city. The monster began to wreak havoc on Khazad-dûm and slew Durin. Since the surviving Dwarves were unsure what type of monster they faced, the Balrog was simply called "[[Durin's Bane]]". Durin's son [[Náin I]] was slain shortly thereafter, leaving his grandson [[Thráin I]] to lead Durin's folk as the survivors fled from their ancestral home.<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
One account states that the name ''Durin ''was a word for "king" in the language of the [[Men of the North]] in the early [[Second Age]].<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another account states that ''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1=[[Durin|Durin I]]</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2=[[Durin II]]</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3=[[Durin III]]</br><small>''fl. mid {{SA|1600}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4=[[Durin IV]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5=[[Durin V]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR='''DURIN VI'''<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |!| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| NAI | |NAI=[[Náin I]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1832|n}} - {{TA|1981|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |!| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| THR | |THR=[[Thráin I]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1934|n}} - {{TA|2190|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
== Portrayals in adaptations ==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Durin VI in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=200<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Durin VI.jpg|Durin VI in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2008: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
: Durin VI appears during a session play depicting the fall of [[Moria]]. He is present when [[Durin's Bane]] is awoken from the slumber and is one of the first to be killed by it.<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| born={{TA|1731}}<br />
| died={{TA|1980}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Durin V]]<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| dates=''unknown'' - {{TA|1980}}<br />
| next=[[Náin I]]<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| dates=''unknown'' - {{TA|1980}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Durin VI.]]<br />
[[fi:Durin VI]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:3a:durin_vi]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_V&diff=329483Durin V2021-03-19T18:40:13Z<p>Tengwar: /* Etymology */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin V<br />
| image=[[File:Philip Kerst - Durin V.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="Durin V" by [[:Category:Images by Philip Kerst|Philip Kerst]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth=late [[Second Age]]/early [[Third Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=late [[Second Age]]/early [[Third Age]]<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin V''' (early [[Third Age]]) was a King of [[Durin's folk]] who ruled the great city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] during the height of its glory, and the fifth Durin. Like his father he bore a [[Ring of Thrór|Ring of Power]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Like all Durins after [[Durin|Durin I]] he was given the name of the first of the [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves]] because he greatly resembled him in both appearance and manner. Indeed it was believed among the Dwarves that he was the reincarnation of Durin I, though whether this is possible is unclear.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
One account states that the name ''Durin ''was a word for "king" in the language of the [[Men of the North]] in the early [[Second Age]].<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another account states that ''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1=[[Durin|Durin I]]</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2=[[Durin II]]</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3=[[Durin III]]</br><small>''fl. {{SA|1600}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4=[[Durin IV]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5='''DURIN V'''</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR=[[Durin VI]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[Durin's Folk|House of Durin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Durin IV]]<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Next known:<br/>[[Durin VI]] (mid-[[Third Age]])<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Durin V's story is expanded on in a series of quests. During his reign, the dragon Thorog took Helegrod, a northern city of his kingdom located near the source of the [[Bruinen]]. Durin took up the axe Mírdanant, a gift from the [[elves]] of [[Eregion]] to his ancenstors, and led a small company of dwarves to reclaim the city. Durin and Thorog killed each other, and only one dwarf of his company survived to tell the story.<br />
<br />
:Helegrod was left abandoned by the dwarves. Mírdanant was said to be blessed by the elves with words of protection, and so the death of the king while bearing the axe and its loss in the abandoned city was a source of tension between Durin's Folk and the elves. A quest in the game involves reclaiming Mírdanant from the reanimated carcass of Thorog and returning it to the elves of [[Rivendell]], who in turn return it to [[Glóin]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durin V.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:3a:durin_v]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_IV&diff=329482Durin IV2021-03-19T18:39:56Z<p>Tengwar: /* Etymology */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin IV<br />
| image=[[File:Philip Kerst - Durin IV.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="Durin IV" by [[:Category:Images by Philip Kerst|Philip Kerst]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth=late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin IV''' was a King of [[Durin's folk]] who ruled the great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], and the fourth king to have the name Durin. Like his father he bore a [[Ring of Thrór|Ring of Power]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Like all Durins after [[Durin|Durin I]], he was given the name of the first of the [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves]] because he greatly resembled him in both appearance and manner. Indeed it was believed among the Dwarves that he was the reincarnation of Durin I, though whether this is possible is unclear.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
One account states that the name ''Durin ''was a word for "king" in the language of the [[Men of the North]] in the early [[Second Age]].<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another account states that ''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1=[[Durin|Durin I]]</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2=[[Durin II]]</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3=[[Durin III]]</br><small>''fl. {{SA|1600}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4='''DURIN IV'''</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5=[[Durin V]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR=[[Durin VI]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Durin III]] (mid-[[Second Age]])<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Next known:<br/>[[Durin V]]<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Durin IV was the reigning King of the Longbeards during the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. He and the "Thíuda", the [[Northmen]] of the [[Second Age]], were tasked with defeating a mighty horde of [[Easterlings]]. They were defeated and retreated to rejoin the rest of the Alliance on the besieged plain of [[Gorgoroth]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durin IV.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:durin_iv]]<br />
[[fi:Durin]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_III&diff=329481Durin III2021-03-19T18:39:33Z<p>Tengwar: /* Etymology */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin III<br />
| image=[[File:Ahmet Can Kahraman - Durin III.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Durin III" by [[:Category:Images by Ahmet Can Kahraman|Ahmet Can Kahraman]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth=mid [[Second Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=mid [[Second Age]]<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin III''' (mid [[Second Age]]) was a King of [[Durin's folk]] who ruled the great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Like all Durins after [[Durin|Durin I]] he was given the name of the first [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves |Father of the Dwarves]] because he greatly resembled him in both appearance and manner. Indeed it was believed among the Dwarves that he was the reincarnation of Durin I, though whether this is possible is unclear.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
During his reign in the 16th century of the Second Age, the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm had struck a rare friendship with the [[Elves]] of [[Ost-in-Edhil]] in [[Eregion]]. Around {{SA|1500}} the Elves, guided by [[Annatar]], began forging the [[Rings of Power]].<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> According to the Dwarves, [[Celebrimbor]] gave Durin the first of the [[Seven Rings|Seven Rings of the Dwarves]]<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> (other traditions state that it was Sauron who bestowed all seven of these Rings).<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> [[Ring of Thrór|This ring]] would later come to [[Thráin|Thráin II]]'s possession until it was taken by Sauron.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
Their instructor in crafting the Rings, the wise [[Annatar]], was actually [[Sauron]] who had come to corrupt the Elves through the Rings of Power. By {{SA|1697}}, seeing that he could not control either the Elves nor the Dwarves through the Rings, he led a large army towards Eregion. In response Durin sent a great force of Dwarves to protect the [[Doors of Durin]], but with the [[Sack of Eregion|fall of Eregion]] his warriors withdrew and the gates to the city were shut, sealing the kingdom off from the outside world.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sauron's assault on Eregion was only the beginning of his campaign of conquest. His servants also invaded Gundabad and the Ered Mithrin, cutting off communications between Khazad-dûm and the Iron Hills and forcing the Dwarves to withdraw behind the gates of their impregnable fortress-mansion. As a result, the alliance of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] and the [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]] came to an end at this time.<ref name="Dwarves">{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Not much can be said about Durin's later reign. It is said that the Dwarf Lords who possessed the Rings of Power saw their natural skills amplified, and desired dominion. They became also more greedy and became rich. But otherwise they proved resistant to their malevolent [[magic]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
One account states that the name ''Durin ''was a word for "king" in the language of the [[Men of the North]] in the early [[Second Age]].<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another account states that ''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1=[[Durin|Durin I]]</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2=[[Durin II]]</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3='''DURIN III'''</br><small>''fl. {{SA|1600}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4=[[Durin IV]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5=[[Durin V]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR=[[Durin VI]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:In the prologue, Durin III appears with the other six Lords receiving their [[Seven Rings|Rings]]. He is only identified as Durin on a [[Decipher Card]]. <br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Durin II]]<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| dates=Mid-[[Second Age]]<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Next known:<br/>[[Durin IV]]<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| dates=Mid-[[Second Age]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Durin III.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:2a:durin_iii]]<br />
[[fi:Durin III]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_II&diff=329480Durin II2021-03-19T18:39:08Z<p>Tengwar: /* Etymology */ Going to add this detail to all pages "Durin"</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin II<br />
| image=[[File:Philip Kerst - Durin II.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="Durin II" by [[:Category:Images by Philip Kerst|Philip Kerst]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth=late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin II''' (lived sometime during [[First Age]] or early [[Second Age]]<ref group="note">[[Durin|Durin the Deathless]] is described as having died before the end of the First Age, whilst [[Durin III]] received one of the [[Seven Rings]].</ref><ref name="AppDurin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>) was a King of [[Durin's folk]] and Lord of the great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Like all Durins after [[Durin|Durin I]] he was given the name of the first [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves|Father of the Dwarves]] because he greatly resembled him in both appearance and manner. Indeed it was believed among the Dwarves that he was the reincarnation of Durin I, though whether this is possible is unclear.<ref name="AppDurin"/><br />
<br />
Little is recorded about his reign, although there are indications that the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] were in a confederation with [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], where the Men provided food in return for Dwarven weapons and precious items. This cooperation continued until the reign of [[Durin IV]].<ref name="Dwarves">{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Robert Foster]], author of ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', has suggested that this is the Durin named on the [[Doors of Durin]] of Moria, built around {{SA|750}}.<ref>[[Robert Foster]] (1971), ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', entry ''DURIN II''</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
One account states that the name ''Durin ''was a word for "king" in the language of the [[Men of the North]] in the early [[Second Age]].<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another account states that ''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1=[[Durin|Durin I]]</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2='''DURIN II'''</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3=[[Durin III]]</br><small>''fl. {{SA|1600}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4=[[Durin IV]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5=[[Durin V]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR=[[Durin VI]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Durin|Durin I]] ([[First Age]])<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Next known:<br/>[[Durin III|Durin&nbsp;III]]&nbsp;(mid-[[Second Age|Second&nbsp;Age]])<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durin II.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:durin_ii]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_VII&diff=329479Durin VII2021-03-19T18:38:22Z<p>Tengwar: Expanded and fixed a lot especially the infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin VII<br />
| image=<br />
| caption<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Durin the Last<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Erebor]], [[Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth=After {{FoA|171}}<ref group="note">The mention of Durin's name as a prophecy in the [[Appendix A]], and considering that the Appendix derives from the [[Red Book]] (copied {{FoA|171}}), seems to suggest that he was probably born, or emerged, after that date.</ref><br />
| birthlocation=[[Erebor]]<ref name="Making">{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 278-9</ref><br />
| rule=After {{FoA|171}}<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=Re-established [[Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=Descendant of [[Thorin III Stonehelm]]<ref group="note">An alternative version of the genealogical tree of [[Appendix A]] suggested Durin VII was the son of Thorin III.</ref><ref name="Making" /><br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<center>{{quote|There lies his crown in water deep,<br>Till Durin wakes again from sleep.|[[Song of Durin]]<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>}}</center><br />
<br />
'''Durin VII''', also known as '''Durin the Last''',<ref name="AppA">{{App|Durin}}</ref> was the last of the six reincarnations of [[Durin|Durin the Deathless]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The actions of Durin VII were prophesied long before he was born; his birth was apparently prophesied upon the accession of [[Dáin II]] after the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 383</ref> <br />
<br />
Durin VII was the direct descendant of [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] (according to some sources, he was his son).<ref name="Making">{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 278-9</ref> <br />
<br />
He led [[Durin's folk]] from [[Erebor]] back to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and restored the ancient kingdom sometime after {{FoA|171}}. There they remained "until the world grew old and the Dwarves failed and the days of Durin's race were ended."<ref name="Making">{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 278-9</ref> <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
One account states that the name ''Durin ''was a word for "king" in the language of the [[Men of the North]] in the early [[Second Age]].<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another account states that ''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | DAI |DAI=[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2767|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | THO |THO=[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]<br/><small>''b. {{TA|2866|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree | DUR |DUR='''DURIN VII'''}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[Durin's Folk|House of Durin]]<br />
| born=After {{FoA|171}}<br />
| died=<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| dates=After {{FoA|171}}<br />
| next=Unknown<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| dates=After {{FoA|171}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
{{references|n}}{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durin VII.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:4a:durin_vii]]<br />
[[fi:Durin VII]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Ring&diff=329449War of the Ring2021-03-18T21:11:26Z<p>Tengwar: Cleaned up the infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|War of the Ring|[[War of the Ring (disambiguation)]]}}{{sources}}<br />
{{expansion}}<br />
{{wotr}}<br />
{{War<br />
| previous= [[Corsair Wars]]<br />
| next=<br />
| name=War of the Ring<br />
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - Thus Came Aragorn.jpg|300px]]<br />
| begin=[[20 June]] {{TA|3018}} <br />
| end=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}<br />
|place=Northwestern [[Middle-earth]]<br />
|result=Victory for the [[Free Peoples]]: <br />
*Destruction of [[the One Ring]] and [[Sauron]] <br />
*[[Reunited Kingdom|Restoration]] of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]<br />
*Start of the [[Dominion of Men]]<br />
*The [[Three Rings]] lose their power<br />
| battles=[[Sauron's attack on Osgiliath]], [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]], [[Battle of Isengard]], [[Battle of the Hornburg]], [[Assaults on Lothlórien]], [[Faramir's defence of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], [[Battle under the trees]], [[Battle of the Morannon]], [[Fall of Dol Guldur]], [[Battle of Dale]], [[Battle of Bywater]]<br />
|side1=[[Gondorians]]<br>[[Rohirrim]]<br>[[Bardings]]<br>[[Rangers of the North]]<br>[[Beornings]]<br>[[Galadhrim]]<br>[[Elves of Mirkwood]]<br>[[Dwarves of Erebor]]<br>[[Ents]] (and [[Huorns]])<br>[[Shire-hobbits]]<br>[[Bucklanders]]<br />
|side2=[[Orcs of Mordor]]<br>[[Orcs of Dol Guldur]]<br>[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]<br>[[Isengarders]]<br>[[Easterlings]]<br>[[Haradrim]]<br>[[Corsairs of Umbar]]<br>[[Variags]]<br>[[Dunlendings]]<br />
|commanders1=<br />
* [[Aragorn]]<br />
* [[Denethor]] †<br />
* [[Gandalf]] † (resurrected) <br />
* [[Théoden]] †<br />
* [[Éomer]]<br />
* [[Imrahil]]<br />
* [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] † <br />
* [[Brand]] † <br />
* [[Thranduil]] <br />
* [[Galadriel]]<br />
* [[Celeborn]]<br />
|commanders2=<br />
* [[Sauron]] † <br />
* [[Saruman]] †<br />
* [[Witch-king]] †<br />
* [[Khamûl]] †<br />
}}<br />
{{Quote|So we come to it in the end, [...] the great battle of our time, in which many things shall pass away.|[[Théoden]]<ref>{{RK|Muster}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
The '''War of the Ring''' was the great conflict at the end of the [[Third Age]], named for [[the One Ring]] and the importance this had in the final outcome. The war was fought between [[Sauron]], the [[Dark Lord]] of [[Mordor]] who attempted to conquer [[Middle-earth]] as he nearly did in the [[Second Age]]; and the [[Free peoples]], being a loose alliance of [[Elves]], [[Dwarves]], [[Hobbits]], [[Ents]] and [[Men]] led by the [[Wise]]. [[Saruman]] participated both on Sauron's side and occasionally as a 'third power' based in [[Orthanc]]. <br />
<br />
Sauron at all times held the military advantage in the War, due to his overwhelming forces; not only [[Orcs]] and [[Trolls]], but [[Haradrim|Men of Harad]] and the [[East]]. His main objective was to overthrow [[Gondor]], his neighbour and the strongest of his enemies. He had such forces at his command, though, that he was able to fight the war on many fronts, simultaneously attacking [[Dale]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and the [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]] in the far north, and [[Lothlórien]] from his secondary stronghold at [[Dol Guldur]]. There can be no doubt that, had the Wise not achieved and maintained possession of the Ring, Sauron would ultimately have been victorious.<br />
<br />
The policy of the Wise was based around the [[Quest of the Ring]]: a company of nine under the leadership of [[Gandalf]] travelled from [[Rivendell]] with the One Ring, with the hope of taking it to [[Orodruin]] in [[Mordor]] and there destroying it. Because the Ring held much of Sauron's native power, they realised that in unmaking it, they would also defeat its creator.<br />
<br />
Having renounced the Wise, Saruman had become Sauron's two-faced servant. In an alliance with the [[Dunlendings]], and having [[Orcs]] at his command, he resolved to remove [[Rohan]] as a threat to his Dark Lord, but he also attempted to claim the Ring first when opportunities arose. Until late in the War, he held the advantage, defeating Rohan twice at the [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]].<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{Seealso|Rings of Power|Third Age}}<br />
Sauron had been defeated in the [[War of the Last Alliance]], but because of Isildur's refusal to destroy [[the One Ring]], he was not entirely vanquished. He survived in spirit form, and the foundations of Barad-dûr were also not destroyed. Sauron's spirit wandered the wastelands of Middle-earth for over 1000 years, but eventually he rebuilt his power and became a threat once again. Around {{TA|1000}}, the [[Valar]] sent [[Maiar]] [[Wizards|emissaries]] to [[Middle-earth]] to help the [[Free peoples]] against the growing evil.<br />
<br />
Indeed, Orcs and other wicked things were multiplying and the [[Witch-king]] from his fortress in [[Angmar]] waged unending war against [[Arnor]]. [[Moria]] and [[Minas Ithil]] fell and were abandoned, among other battles, plagues, and catastrophes which ended the Kingdom of Arnor and the Royal line of [[Gondor]]. The evil entity known only as the [[Necromancer]] fled from [[Dol Guldur]] because of Gandalf, allowing for some centuries of calmness. <br />
<br />
In the meantime, Sauron's One Ring was found by two of the [[Stoors]] in the [[Gladden River]]. The Hobbit who got it, under its influence, was corrupted as [[Gollum]] and eventually retreated in the [[Goblin-town]] under the [[Misty Mountains]]. By the end of the Age, Sauron attempted to gather back all the Rings to augment his power. He took the Nine, but of the Seven he managed to reclaim only three, the last of them being the [[Ring of Thrór]]<ref>"the Nine [Sauron] has gathered to himself; the Seven also, or else they are destroyed." {{FR|Shadow}}</ref><ref>"You saw the Eye of him that holds the Seven and the Nine." {{FR|mirror}}</ref> but could not find the One.<br />
<br />
[[File:John Howe - Alert the Folk.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Alert the Folk'']]<br />
[[Gandalf]] was concerned about the weak state of the North. [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] had destroyed both the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]] and the town of [[Dale]]. About [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] was a desolation which Sauron might use to regain the northern passes in the mountains and the old lands of [[Angmar]], not to mention the devastating effect of a living dragon in the Enemy's force. Gandalf, seeing no hope in [[Thorin]]'s plans of battle and war against Smaug, persuaded him that he should go secretly to Erebor to reclaim its treasure, and to take with him [[Bilbo Baggins]] of [[The Shire|the Shire]].<ref>{{UT|Quest}}</ref>. Smaug was killed by [[Bard]], Erebor was retaken, and most importantly, the kingdoms of Erebor and Dale were re-established. In a small incident along the way, [[the One Ring]] was lost by [[Gollum]] and wound up in Bilbo's hands.<ref>{{H|Riddles}}</ref><br />
<br />
Around the time the War began, it is said that the [[Ithryn Luin]] had gained influence in the [[East]] and, thanks to their efforts, Sauron could not manage to gather as much people in his side.<ref>{{PM|Last}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Prelude===<br />
{{quote|The Dark Tower had been rebuilt, it was said. From there the power was spreading far and wide, and away far east and south there were wars and growing fear. Orcs were multiplying again in the mountains. Trolls were abroad, no longer dull-witted, but cunning and armed with dreadful weapons. And there were murmured hints of creatures more terrible than all these, but they had no name.|[[The Shadow of the Past]]}}<br />
During the [[Quest of Erebor]], the [[White Council]] attacked Dol Guldur and the Necromancer withdrew. However, Sauron returned to his old abode in [[Mordor]] to reconstruct [[Barad-dûr]] and ten years after the fall of Smaug he sent three [[Nazgûl]] to reoccupy Dol Guldur. He declared himself openly in {{TA|2951}}. The [[White Council]] met for the last time in {{TA|2953}} to discuss the Rings of Power when Saruman reassured them that the One Ring had been lost forever in [[the Sea]]. After this, Saruman fortified Isengard, spied on Gandalf, learning thus his interest in the Shire, and started sending his agents around the Shire under the pretense of [[pipe-weed]] affairs. .<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sauron began reassembling his forces for the final blow against the hated remnants of Númenor and the Eldar. Armies of [[Easterlings]] from [[Khand]] and beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]] reinforced Mordor, joined by men from South [[Harad]]. Orcs, trolls, and other foul beasts were multiplying while Sauron's servants were searching the Anduin for the One Ring. Meanwhile, Saruman's use of a palantíri caught the Dark Lord's notice and he used the [[Ithil-stone]] to ensnare him, turning him into a useful, yet not wholly trustworthy, minion. <br />
<br />
A year before the war, while Gollum was looking for his ring, he was taken to Mordor and interrogated by Sauron, who learned that the One Ring was in the possession of a "[[Baggins]]" in a place called "the Shire". However, Sauron was led into thinking that the Shire was on the banks of the Gladden River.<ref name="hunt">{{UT|Hunt}}</ref> Gollum was then set free, but caught by [[Aragorn]], who placed him in the care of the [[Silvan Elves]] and held him in [[Mirkwood]].<br />
<br />
A messenger from Mordor visited King [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II]] and asked information on Bilbo and the Ring. Meanwhile, Gandalf reading the [[Scroll of Isildur]] in [[Minas Tirith]], also realized that Bilbo's Ring was the One Ring.<ref name="council">{{FR|Council}}</ref><br />
<br />
===First conflicts===<br />
[[File:Donato Giancola - Faramir at Osgiliath.jpg|thumb|left|[[Donato Giancola]] - ''Faramir at Osgiliath'']]<br />
Sauron made an [[Sauron's attack on Osgiliath|attack]] on [[Osgiliath]] on [[20 June|June 20]] of {{TA|3018}} which was the beginning of the War. Sauron saw it as an opportunity to test [[Denethor|Denethor II]]'s strength. [[Boromir]] and [[Faramir]] managed to defend and destroy the ancient Bridge in order to deny the enemy access to the western side of the river.<ref name="AB"/><ref name="hunt"/><br />
<br />
About the same time the [[Elves]] of [[Mirkwood]] were attacked and during the fray, the captive [[Gollum]] escaped and would not be found nor by the Elves nor by Sauron's servants from Dol Guldur.<ref name="AB"/> The following months, Faramir led several [[Rangers of Ithilien|Ranger]] attacks deep into Mordor-occupied Ithilien, ambushing enemy armies moving to the Black Gate.<br />
<br />
The presence of the Nazgûl in the battle of Osgiliath served to make them seem like a military asset against Gondor, concealing from the Wise their true mission, to hunt the Ring. After the assault, Sauron sent the Nine unclothed and invisible to search for the Ring under the leadership of the Witch-king. The Ringwraith [[Khamûl]] was unable to find the "[[the Shire|Shire]]" in the vales of [[Anduin]]. The [[Witch-king]] searched north and west for Gollum or the Shire.<ref name="hunt"/> Gandalf heard from Radagast about the riders and went to [[Isengard]] for counsel, where Saruman showed his true colors and trapped him, for refusing to submit to Sauron or reveal the Ring's whereabouts.<ref name="council"/><br />
<br />
Sauron's plans were halted when he received word of the prophecy in Gondor and the doings of his turncoat [[Saruman]], and concluded that the [[Wise]] did not yet have possession of the Ring yet, as he feared. [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]] arrived at [[Isengard]] around [[18 September|September 18]], but Gandalf had escaped. Concealed behind the walls of Isengard, Saruman denied any knowledge and convinced the Witch-king that Gandalf alone knew where the Shire and the Ring was, and so the Nine passed into [[Rohan]] in search of him. A terrified [[Gríma|Wormtongue]] answered that Gandalf had passed through Rohan, where the Shire was, and even that Saruman had lied to them. The riders were divided into four pairs, and the Witch-King went with the swiftest to [[Minhiriath]]. Along the way, they captured several spies of Saruman and found charts and maps of the Shire. They sent along the spy to [[Bree]], warning them that they now belonged to Mordor, not Isengard.<ref name="hunt"/><br />
<br />
In [[22 September|September 22]] they came to [[Sarn Ford]]. Although the [[Dúnedain]] [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] were guarding the crossing, their chieftain [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was away and the Riders captured the ford, killing many of the Rangers. The Witch-king sent Khamûl and three Riders into the Shire while he went east with the others and then returned to watch the [[Greenway]].<ref name="AB">{{App|B3}}</ref> A Rider came to Hobbiton at nightfall, but failed to capture [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] who departed that same day carrying the Ring to the east.<ref name="hunt"/> The hunt continued to [[Buckland]] and Bree, aided by Sauron's spies, such as [[Bill Ferny]] and [[Harry Goatleaf]], but nonetheless, the Ring escaped them.<ref>{{FR|Strider}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File: The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Council of Elrond.jpg|thumb|left|The Council of Elrond, a pivotal phase of the War.]]<br />
In October, Frodo came to [[Rivendell]] and during his arrival, the Black Riders were temporarily neutralized and were forced to return to Mordor to regroup. Some days later, the [[Council of Elrond]] was called, where it was decided that the only way to be free of Sauron and the Ring was to cast the Ring into the [[Cracks of Doom|Crack of Doom]] in [[Mount Doom]]. Frodo surprised everyone, including himself, by declaring that he would take the Ring<ref name="council"/>. The [[Fellowship_of_the_Ring|team]] who would travel to Mordor departed Rivendell in December.<ref name="AB"/><br />
<br />
===Saruman's part in the War===<br />
Saruman was caught now as a known traitor to the Free Peoples and a mendacious vassal of Sauron. To escape this precarious position he implemented a strategy of controlling the King of Rohan for his lord's ends, but also doubled his efforts in the search for the Ring: sending spies to waylay Frodo Baggins on his flight from the Shire, and dispatching raiding parties on likely routes a [[Fellowship of the Ring|company of travelers]] might take the Ring to Gondor. During the fall of the first year of the War, some [[Ruffians]] were sent to the Shire to gain control of the region, collecting the crops and suppressing any dissent to his expanding influence.<br />
[[File: The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - First Battle of the Fords of Isen.jpg|thumb|The aftermath at Isen]]<br />
He then endeavored to kill [[Théoden]] King's [[Théodred|son]] and [[Éomer|nephew]] and have full control of him. On [[25 February|February 25]], {{TA|3019}}, he sent his forces to attack [[Rohan]]'s army (commanded by [[Théodred]] and [[Grimbold]]) at the [[Isen]]. [[Dunlendings]], [[wolf-riders]] and [[Uruk-hai|Uruks]] clashed against the [[Rohirrim]] in the '''[[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]]''' with orders to slay Prince Théodred at any cost. [[Erkenbrand]] took command of the western defences of Rohan. He sent a messenger to [[Edoras]] to inform the King of the ill news and ask for reinforcements, but [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] delayed the message. [[Elfhelm]] joined [[Grimbold of Grimslade]] and were left in charge of the Fords when Erkenbrand tried to send stragglers to [[Helm's Deep]]. Saruman was successful in eliminating the Prince.<ref name="Isen">{{UT|Isen}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Matt Stewart - The Horn of Boromir.jpg|thumb|left|[[Matt Stewart]] - ''The Horn of Boromir'']]<br />
The [[26 February|next day]] while the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Company of the Ring]] was in the [[Emyn Muil]] thinking whether to take the Ring to Minas Tirith or go directly to Mordor, Orcs from Isengard attempted to capture the Ring-bearer; but instead they took Merry and Pippin as prisoners.<ref>{{FR|Breaking}}</ref> Éomer hearing of the descent of the Orc-band set out from [[Eastfold]] against Théoden's orders and overtook them outside [[Fangorn Forest]], unknowingly setting the hobbits free.<ref name="AB"/><ref>{{TT|Riders}}</ref><br />
<br />
Having heard the news about Théodred's death, [[Erkenbrand]], who became the commander of Rohan's western armies, gathered the forces of Grimbold and Elfhelm to assault Isen once more in the '''[[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen]]''' ([[2 March|March 2]]). Though they had a force of about 2000 men and had constructed a shield wall to hold off the enemy, Saruman's forces overcame them and scattered the retreating Rohirrim across Rohan.<ref name="Isen"/><ref name="Deep">{{TT|Deep}}</ref><br />
<br />
Saruman's victory would not last; he did not know that on the very same day, Gandalf had healed Théoden from [[Gríma|Wormtongue]]'s influence. In the meantime, the [[Ents]] after ending their long [[Entmoot]], decided to go to [[Isengard]] and battle Saruman.<ref name="AB"/><br />
[[File: Alan Lee - The Battle of the Hornburg.jpg|thumb|right|"The Battle of the Hornburg" by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br />
The next day ([[3 March|March 3]]) seeking to take the fight away from his people, Théoden brought around a thousand horsemen to the [[Fords of Isen]] along with any others in [[Edoras]]. Among this force were [[Éomer]], [[Aragorn]], [[Gimli]] and [[Legolas]]. On their way they found [[Ceorl]] who reported a defeat to the Fords; Théoden then redirected his troops to [[Helm's Deep]], which was commanded by [[Gamling]] in his lord Erkenbrand's absence. Against overwhelming odds, they fought the '''[[Battle of the Hornburg]]''' for two days against [[Uruk-hai]] and [[Dunlendings]], until the [[Deeping Wall]] was breached and all seemed lost. The surviving horsemen rode out to meet the hordes of Isengard.<ref name="Deep"/><br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Wrath of the Ents.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Wrath of the Ents'']]<br />
At that moment, [[Gandalf]] returned, bringing with him Erkenbrand and many other soldiers from [[Westfold]]. They attacked the army from the rear, driving the attackers back into a forest of [[Huorns]]. While Saruman suffered this military defeat, Isengard was attacked by a march of [[Ents]] in the '''[[Battle of Isengard]]''' who drowned all the valley.<ref name="Flotsam">{{TT|Flotsam}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the defeat of Saruman, Pippin looked in the [[Orthanc-stone]] and saw the [[Eye of Sauron]]; Gandalf believed that seeing the Hobbit, Sauron would imagine that the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]] was caught by Saruman's orcs and that they could make good use of the delay caused by Dark Lord's confusion surrounding his minion's assumed betrayal.<ref name="Pal">{{TT|Palantir}}</ref> The protagonists of the War separated, anticipating Sauron's attack on Minas Tirith. Gandalf set out for Minas Tirith taking Pippin since he would not be safe. Théoden set out from the Hornburg for [[Harrowdale]].<br />
<br />
Aragorn consulted the Stone of Orthanc and confronted Sauron subduing the stone’s power to his own will. In doing so, however, Aragorn has alerted Sauron to his existence as Isildur’s heir to the throne of Gondor. Gimli feared that Sauron would now release his forces sooner because of this revelation. Aragorn, however, hoped such a hasty move may weaken the Enemy’s attack<ref>{{RK|V2}}</ref>. They set out with the [[Grey Company]] to [[Dunharrow]] and took the [[Paths of the Dead]]. Théoden would come to Dunharrow.<br />
<br />
===Sauron strikes===<br />
On [[9 March]] fumes from Mordor veiled the [[Sun]] in an attempt by Sauron to disparage or misguide his enemies. The veil blacked out most of Gondor and Rohan who observed [[10 March|that day]] as [[The Dawnless Day]].<ref name="AB"/><br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Nazgûl.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Nazgûl'']]<br />
Along with the Darkness, a host from [[Minas Morgul]] set forth toward Minas Tirith, as witnessed by Frodo, Sam, and Gollum who passed the [[Cross-roads]]. Later Orcs from the [[Morannon]] took [[Cair Andros]] and passed into [[Anórien]].<ref name="AB"/> [[Denethor|Denethor II]] called the [[Council of Gondor]] together on that day and it advised him to make no stroke of war against the enemy due to the threat from the south.<ref name=" siege"/><br />
<br />
The Rohirrim mustered their Riders and rode from Harrowdale, while Aragorn led the [[Oathbreakers|Army of the Dead]] and the Grey Company, across the river [[Ringló]]. <br />
<br />
While preparing against Gondor, Sauron also began campaigns to conquer [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], activating his armies stationed in [[Dol Guldur]] and eastern allies. This would bring the eastern half of Middle-earth entirely into his dominion. On [[11 March|March 11]] Orcs from Dol Guldur [[assaults on Lothlórien|attacked]] [[Lothlórien]] and [[Eastemnet|Eastern]] Rohan. [[12 March|The next day]] the invaders of Rohan were utterly defeated by Ents.<ref name="AB"/><br />
<br />
In Gondor, Most of the citizens were sent north and west; except those in the arts of healing and boys who refused to leave. The same day, 3,000 men from [[Belfalas]], [[Dol Amroth]] and other places arrived to assist the garrison. But, it was less than a tenth of what was needed. Most that were needed were holding off the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Black Fleet]] of [[Umbar]].<br />
<br />
[[Denethor|Denethor II]] sent Faramir to Osgiliath to [[Faramir's defence of Osgiliath|intercept the Morgul-host]]. The Witch-King led the assault upon the western side the next morning aided by boats built in secret, and swiftly overwhelmed the defenders and on [[13 March]] Faramir retreated to the [[Causeway Forts]]; Gandalf, upon learning the Witch-King was on the field, [[14 March|the next day]] went from the city to the Rammas Echor where the forces which had fallen back. It was taken by blasting stones, and a charge by Prince [[Imrahil]] and the Knights of [[Dol Amroth]] saved Faramir who fell wounded by an Easterling champion. <br />
<br />
As Pelennor was overrun, Denethor sent a sortie of cavalry to assist the defenders who retreated back to the city. Denethor, upon seeing his son in this grave state, lost his will to fight and gave no more thought to the defence of his city. He was seriously wounded while [[Pelennor Fields|Pelennor]] was overrun. The [[Siege of Gondor]] began.<ref name="siege"/><br />
<br />
Meanwhile, invaders from [[Umbar]] and [[Harad]] who sought to capture [[Linhir]] and the fords of the River [[Gilrain]]. The men of [[Lamedon]] fought against them and the arrival of Aragorn with the Army of the Dead from [[Erech]] terrified both sides. As Aragorn pressed on to [[Pelargir]], [[Angbor]] mustered as many horsemen as he could, helped by the fast-spreading rumor of the return of the [[Heir of Isildur]]. Soon later the group reached Pelargir, drove the Corsairs away and captured their [[Black Ships|fleet]].<ref name="Debate">{{RK|Debate}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Climax===<br />
On [[15 March]] three simultaneous battles occurred.<br />
<br />
In [[Rhovanion]], an army was sent from [[Dol Guldur]] to destroy the realm of [[Thranduil]] and a second assault against Lothlórien was made. After a long [[battle under the trees]], and great ruin of fire<ref name="AB"/> the Orc hosts were defeated on both fronts on the same day.<br />
<br />
In Gondor, after the enemy passed Osgiliath, [[Pelennor Fields|Pelennor]] outside Minas Tirith was overrun, despite the armies that gathered from southern Gondor already in the days before the battle. The hosts of Mordor dug pits and set up siege weapons beyond the city's range as the Nazgul swooped near the city uttering cries of death, demoralizing the defenders. Then the weapons began launching stones at the city, many of which would burst into flame as they came crashing down. Then, the heads of all those that had been slain in battle were flung over the city. The whole first level was soon in flames.<ref name="siege">{{RK|Siege}}</ref><br />
[[File:Stephen Hickman - Siege of Minas Tirith.jpg|thumb|[[Stephen Hickman]] - ''Siege of Minas Tirith'']]<br />
Near midnight the Witch-King launched his assault pushing many defenders to the higher levels, while others were slain trying to reach the walls. Many towers were also destroyed as they rolled forward. <ref name="siege"/><br />
<br />
The Witch-King rode assisted by magic the battering ram [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] as it hit the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith]]. As he entered the gate he was confronted by Gandalf who alone stood steadfast. Then a cock crowed and horn from the west sounded. The Witch-King left to deal with the Riders of Rohan at the Rammas Echor. The '''[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]''' began.<ref name="siege"/><br />
<br />
[[File:Anke Eißmann - The Black Serpent founders.jpg|thumb|left|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''The Black Serpent founders'']]<br />
The combined army of Orcs, [[Haradrim]], [[Men of Rhûn]] and [[Men of Khand]], outnumbered the Rohirrim at least 10 to 1 but lost almost a third of their own forces. In the process, King Théoden was killed, and the Witch-King was destroyed by Théoden's niece, Lady [[Éowyn]] of Rohan. When all seemed lost, a fleet of enemy ships with black sails arrived at the landings to the south of the Pelennor in the Rammas, but it was actually manned by Aragorn. As his army drove north a great part of Mordor's forces were pinned between Aragorn and Éomer's cavalry and were "caught between the hammer and the anvil". <br />
<br />
[[File: Jan Pospisil - Dale units vs. Rhun.jpg|thumb|Jan Pospíšil - The Battle of Dale]]<br />
Meanwhile in the North, [[Easterlings]] crossed the [[Carnen]], and King [[Brand]] was driven back to [[Dale]]. He gathered there with the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], and engaged in the '''[[Battle of Dale]]''' against the Orcs at the feet of the [[Lonely Mountain]] for three days until ([[17 March|March 17]]) he fell alongside King [[Dáin Ironfoot]]. Many Dwarves and Men took refuge in [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and were besieged by the Easterlings. However, news from the defeat at the Pelennor reached the Easterlings who began to fail.<br />
<br />
===Sauron's defeat===<br />
The [[16 March|next day]] it was understood that the army vanquished in the Battle of the Pelennor was only a fraction of Sauron's forces, and eventually Minas Tirith would not manage to withstand forever. [[Imrahil]] expressed concern for the defence of Gondor. Aragorn assured him that [[Angbor]] was marching with 4,000 men through [[Lossarnach]] to garrison Minas Tirith.<ref name="Debate"/><br />
<br />
The [[Host of the West]] marched from Minas Tirith on [[18 March]] to confront Sauron. During that course, Lothlórien was attacked for a third and last time by Orcs ([[22 March]]). After much destruction, the Elves repulsed them once again. <br />
<br />
The Host of the West would meet Sauron's forces outside the gates of Mordor [[25 March|seven days later]], hoping to divert their attention away from the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]], who was nearing the end of his mission.<br />
<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Battle of the Morannon.jpg|thumb|left|Fell beasts fly over the Battle of the Morannon]]<br />
During the course of the '''[[Battle of the Morannon]]''' against [[Trolls]], Orcs and Men, the eight remaining Nazgûl attacked the army of the West. The [[Eagles]] of the [[Misty Mountains]], led by [[Gwaihir]], arrived and attacked the Ringwraiths. When all hope seemed lost, Frodo failed his mission: he claimed the One Ring for himself, and Sauron was suddenly aware that Frodo had the Ring and was in the [[Cracks of Doom]]. Finally realizing that his enemies meant to destroy his Ring, Sauron immediately sent the Nazgûl to Mount Doom to intercept Frodo. However, Gollum wrenched the Ring from Frodo but fell accidentally into the fire, destroying the Ring. The hosts of Mordor, suddenly without direction, hesitated as Sauron's power was overthrown.<br />
<br />
The Nazgûl were all destroyed as they flew over Mount Doom just as it underwent a gigantic eruption. [[Barad-dûr]], the [[Black Gate]], and the [[Towers of the Teeth]] collapsed to ruin. The Orcs and other creatures of Sauron were completely directionless with the Dark Lord's demise and were easily decimated by the army of the West and the Easterlings eventually threw down their weapons and surrendered. <Ref name="Doom">{{RK|Doom}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[27 March|Two days later]], [[Bard II]] and [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III]] Stonehelm, taking the reign from their respective fathers who fell in the assault, drove the enemy from Dale.<ref name="AB"/><br />
<br />
[[File: Galadriel dol guldur bfmeII.JPG|thumb|right|The fall of Dol Guldur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'']]<br />
On [[28 March|March 28]] with [[Celeborn]] at their head, Elves crossed the Anduin in many boats and stormed Dol Guldur. Galadriel came after them in the '''[[Fall of Dol Guldur]]''', throwing down the walls of the fortress and laying bare its pits, so that the forest was cleansed. Thranduil cleared all the orcs and foul beings from North Mirkwood.<ref name="AB"/><br />
<br />
===Scouring of the Shire===<br />
The War did not end with the defeat of Sauron, for Saruman fled northward after the capture of Orthanc, and established himself in the Shire, bending the Hobbits to his will by threat of violence and the persuasive power of his voice. The return of Frodo Baggins and his companions from the coronation of King Elessar and the reunification of Gondor and Arnor, led to their arrest by the [[Shire-hobbits]] but they talked their way out.<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref><br />
<br />
A small group of [[Ruffians]] was encountered, and Pippin declared the return of the King to them, and the message that emissaries were on their way. The group was routed, but managed to get a message to a bigger contingent in [[Waymeet]].<ref name="Scouring">{{RK|Scouring}}</ref> 20 Men marched from [[Hobbiton]] towards [[Bywater]], and 200 Bucklanders and [[Cotton Family|Cottons]] answered the call of Captain Merry's horn. <br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Storming the Bank.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Storming the Bank'']]<br />
The Men walked up [[Bywater Road]], to the point where [[Tolman Cotton Senior|Farmer Cotton]] was standing and found themselves heavily outnumbered. Their leader fell by arrows as he tried to strike at Merry. The rest surrendered. Pippin had set up a rebellion in [[Tookland]], and returned with one hundred Tooks when the larger group of Men from Waymeet arrived the following day and walked straight into a defensive pocket set up by Merry. Merry and Pippin charged from the eastern bank, and Merry killed the leader.<ref name="Scouring"/> Nearly 70 Men were killed and 12 were taken prisoner, while 19 Hobbits died and about 30 were wounded. <br />
<br />
After their victory the Hobbits marched on to [[Bag End]], where they found [[Sharkey]]. It was not [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins|Lotho]] as had been thought, but rather [[Saruman]] who revealed that his servant [[Gríma]] killed Lotho. Gríma cut Saruman's throat in a rage for years of oppression and abuse but was himself shot by Hobbit archers. As the spirit of Saruman rose from its bodily form, it was blown away by a wind from the West; [[Manwë]] did not want him back.<ref name="Scouring"/><br />
<br />
This battle is considered to mark the end of the War.<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
{{main|Fourth Age}}<br />
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The White Sapling.jpg|thumb|[[Darrell Sweet]] - ''The White Sapling'']]<br />
The consequences of the War were "apocalyptical" for the [[Westlands]] of [[Middle-earth]]. The ''status quo'' of many entities were restored, or even radically changed after centuries. Not only the millennia of Sauron's dominion were permanently brought to an end, but the relationships of peoples and races were redefined. It is also notable that during the War many personalities died (Denethor, Théoden, Brand, Dain), and brought their descendants into the aftermath. <br />
<br />
The major effect of the war however was that with the destruction of the One Ring, the [[Three Rings]] that had maintained the realms of the Elves in Middle-earth lost their power, and the Elves began to leave for the [[Undying Lands]]; significant Elves who marked the history of the Westlands for millennia, like Galadriel and Elrond departed, setting stage for the [[Dominion of Men]]. <br />
===Political===<br />
The downfall of Sauron brought the restoration of the long-awaited line of [[Kings of Gondor]], the restoration of [[Arnor]] and simultaneously the [[Reunited Kingdom|reunification]] of the two kingdoms; after of centuries of nomadic wandering the [[Rangers of the North]] had again a kingdom and the Gondorians had a king. This King was Aragorn II a descendant both of [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]]; furthermore, his marriage with [[Arwen]] reunited the lines of [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]] since the [[First Age]].<br />
[[File:Sage - Reunited Kingdom.png|thumb|The Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
Other political repercussions were the strengthening of the relationships between the Kingdom and [[Rohan]], new relationships with the [[Ents]] (who now occupied [[Treegarth]], former [[Isengard]]), the [[Woses]] and the [[Hobbits]], now known as free peoples. On the [[Elven New Year]], Celeborn and Thranduil renamed Mirkwood as [[Eryn Lasgalen]] and Celeborn took the southern part below [[East Bight]], naming it East Lórien. The wide forest inbetween was given to the [[Beornings]] and the [[Woodmen]].<br />
<br />
===Calendrical impact===<br />
{{quote|You were born at the end of a great age, [[Elanor Gamgee|Elanorellë]]|[[Samwise Gamgee]], ''[[Sauron Defeated]]'', [[The Epilogue]]}}<br />
All the above events made historians to mark the years following the War as the end of the [[Third Age]]. <br />
<br />
Another calendric change was the [[New Reckoning]] which replaced the [[Stewards' Reckoning]], and the introduction of ''[[Cormarë]]'', a holiday on [[25 March|March 25]] that commemorated the fall of Sauron.<ref>{{App|D2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Combatants==<br />
===Free Peoples===<br />
*'''[[Gondor]]'''<br />
**[[Minas Tirith]]<br />
***[[Denethor|Denethor II]] †<br />
***[[Boromir]] †<br />
***[[Faramir]]<br />
***[[Húrin (Warden of the Keys)|Húrin the Tall]]<br />
**[[Dol Amroth]]<br />
***[[Imrahil]]<br />
**[[Lebennin]]<br />
**[[Lossarnach]]<br />
***[[Forlong]] the Fat †<br />
**[[Ringló Vale]]<br />
***[[Dervorin]] †<br />
**[[Morthond]]<br />
***[[Duinhir]]<br />
***[[Duilin (son of Duinhir)|Duilin]] †<br />
***[[Derufin]] †<br />
**[[Anfalas]]<br />
***[[Golasgil]]<br />
**[[Lamedon]]<br />
***[[Angbor|Angbor the Fearless]]<br />
**Shipmen of [[Ethir Anduin]]<br />
**[[Pinnath Gelin]]<br />
***[[Hirluin]] the Fair †<br />
**[[Men of the Mountains]]<br />
***[[King of the Dead]] †<br />
*'''[[Rangers of the North]]'''<br />
**[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]<br />
**[[Grey Company]] (with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]])<br />
***[[Halbarad]] †<br />
*'''[[Rohan]]'''<br />
**[[Théoden]] †<br />
**[[Théodred]] †<br />
**[[Éomer]]<br />
**[[Éowyn]]<br />
**[[Erkenbrand]]<br />
**[[Elfhelm]]<br />
**[[Grimbold]] †<br />
*'''[[Woodland Realm]]'''<br />
**[[Thranduil]]<br />
**[[Legolas]]<br />
*'''[[Lothlórien]]'''<br />
**[[Celeborn]]<br />
**[[Galadriel]]<br />
*'''[[The Shire]]'''<br />
**[[Hobbiton]]<br />
***[[Frodo Baggins]]<br />
***[[Samwise Gamgee]]<br />
**[[Tookland]]<br />
***[[Peregrin Took]]<br />
**[[Buckland]]<br />
***[[Meriadoc Brandybuck]]<br />
*'''[[Fangorn Forest]]'''<br />
**[[Treebeard]]<br />
**[[Quickbeam]]<br />
*'''[[Istari]]'''<br />
**[[Gandalf]]<br />
*'''[[Kingdom under the Mountain]]'''<br />
**[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]] †<br />
**[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]<br />
**[[Gimli]]<br />
*'''[[Dale]]'''<br />
**[[Brand]] †<br />
**[[Bard II]]<br />
<br />
===Sauron and his allies===<br />
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Fleet of Harad.jpg|thumb|[[Darrell Sweet]] - ''The Fleet of Harad'']]<br />
*'''[[Mordor]]'''<br />
**[[Sauron]] †<br />
**[[Mouth of Sauron]]<br />
**[[Witch-king of Angmar]] †<br />
**other 6 [[Nazgûl]] †<br />
*'''[[Isengard]] and [[Dunland]]'''<br />
**[[Saruman]] †<br />
**[[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] †<br />
*'''[[Harad]]'''<br />
**a chieftain with a [[Black Serpent]] on his banner †<br />
*'''[[Rhûn]]'''<br />
*'''[[Khand]]'''<br />
*'''[[Dol Guldur]]'''<br />
**[[Khamûl]] †<br />
** another Nazgûl as a messenger †<br />
*'''[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]'''<br />
*'''[[Umbar]]'''<br />
<br />
==Non-combatants==<br />
*'''[[Elvendom]]'''<br />
**[[Rivendell]]<br />
***[[Elrond]]<br />
***[[Glorfindel]]<br />
**[[Grey Havens]]<br />
***[[Círdan]]<br />
***[[Galdor of the Havens]]<br />
*'''[[Istari]]'''<br />
**[[Radagast]]<br />
*'''[[Drúedain]]'''<br />
**[[Ghân-buri-Ghân]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]<br />
[[Category:Wars]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/3a/guerres/guerre_de_l_anneau]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BAnedain_of_Arnor&diff=329255Dúnedain of Arnor2021-03-15T12:44:48Z<p>Tengwar: Thanks for the feedback! Small edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Dúnedain of Arnor<br />
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - Aranarth.jpeg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Aranarth" by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Dúnedain of the North, Northern Dúnedain, Rangers or [[Rangers of the North]]<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Arnor]] <br />
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[Grey Company]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Hill-men]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| members=[[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]], [[Gilraen]]<br />
| lifespan=[[#Lifespan|''See below'']]<br />
| distinctions=Retained their pure [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood<ref name=blood/><br />
| height=Tall<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| hair=Dark<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| skin=Pale<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| gallery=Arnorians<br />
}}<br />
The '''Dúnedain of Arnor''', also known as the '''Dúnedain of the North''' or the '''Northern Dúnedain''', constituted the ruling class and nobility of [[Arnor]] being descendants of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] who established the North-Kingdom. <br />
<br />
"'''Men of Arnor'''" was a term used to define the inhabitants of Arnor and its successor kingdoms, both of Númenorean and non-Númenorean descent. The history of the Men of Arnor is extensively dominated by the actions of the Dúnedain of the North. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. After passing up the River [[Lhûn]] and into [[Eriador]], he established the realm of [[Arnor]].<br />
<br />
The Exiles dwelt throughout [[Eriador]], especially along the [[Lhûn]] and the [[Baranduin]]; but their "chief city was at [[Annúminas]] beside Lake [[Nenuial]]. At [[Fornost]] upon the [[North Downs]] also the Númenóreans dwelt, and in [[Cardolan]], and in the hills of [[Rhudaur]]; and towers they raised upon [[Emyn Beraid]] and upon [[Amon Sûl]]".<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Men of Arnor were always less powerful and populous than the [[Gondorians]], despite them having precedence over their southern kin as the seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], the Dúnedain in Arnor became a separate entity from their [[Dunedain of the South|southern kin]] following the death of [[Isildur]], son of [[Elendil]], in {{TA|2}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], the Men of Arnor were diminished; there were too few Númenóreans and [[Men of Eriador]] to populate and maintain the land developed and built by the [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]]. This is because many Men of Arnor had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]], the Dúnedain of the North became divided into the petty realms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]], owing to dissensions among his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Conflicts with Angmar===<br />
{{main|Angmar War}}<br />
In c. {{TA|1300}}, the realm of [[Angmar]], ruled by the [[Witch-king]], was established beyond the [[Ettenmoors]] with the purpose of destroying the divided Dúnedain of the North.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
During the reign of [[Argeleb I]], the [[House of Isildur]] had failed in the other kingdoms and so, the [[Kings of Arthedain]] claimed the lordship of all the Northern Dúnedain. This claim was resisted in [[Rhudaur]]; there, the [[Dúnedain]] were few, and a lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance secretly lay with Angmar, had seized power.<ref name=eriador/><br />
[[File:Argeleb I.jpg|thumb|Argeleb I's death. Art from ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch King|The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch King]]'']]<br />
A great host came out of Angmar in {{TA|1409}} and entered [[Cardolan]], besieging the [[Tower of Amon Sûl]]. The Dúnedain were defeated and Arveleg I, as well as the last prince of Cardolan, were slain. Henceforth, Rhudaur was occupied by evil men allied with Angmar, and the Dúnedain that remained there were killed or fled west. Although Cardolan was destroyed, a remnant of the Dúnedain there held out in the [[Barrow-downs]] and others took refuge in the [[Old Forest]].<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
Although the northern parts of [[Arthedain]] were little affected, the Dúnedain were affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of the North and South Kingdoms) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of Cardolan died.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, the [[Witch-king]], with his army from Angmar, invaded Arthedain and captured [[Fornost Erain]], driving most of the Dúnedain over the [[Lhûn|Lune]].<ref name=eriador/> The remnants of the Men of Arnor later joined the great [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]] which overthrew Angmar.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
{{main|Rangers of the North}}<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], all the people of [[Arnor]] were diminished.<ref name=eriador/> The Dúnedain of the North were reduced to a few [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten. It was only in [[Rivendell|Imladris]] where they were remembered and it was there that the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
[[File:Anke Eißmann - The Lady's gift.jpeg|thumb|''The Lady's gift'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Halbarad]], a kinsman of [[Aragorn]], mustered 30 Dúnedain, and this [[Grey Company]] rode to the aid of [[Aragorn]] in [[Rohan]] and went on to fight in the [[War of the Ring]] as representatives of the fallen Northern Dúnedain.<ref name="Grey"/><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their glory was restored.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Population==<br />
The Dúnedain of Arnor, unlike their [[Gondorians|kin to the South]], were of unmingled [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.<ref name=blood>{{VT|42a}}, pp. 11-3</ref> By the time [[Hobbits]] entered [[Eriador]] in the mid-[[Third Age]], Men were still numerous: [[Dúnedain|Númenóreans]], Men akin to the [[Edain]], and evil Men hostile to the [[House of Isildur]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #59</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the native [[Men of Eriador]] accepted the Númenórean kingdom and helped to populate and maintain the places that the [[Exiles of Númenor]] initially built. When [[Elendil]] led the Men of Arnor to battle against [[Sauron]], the [[Men of Eriador]] fought alongside the [[Dúnedain]]. After the [[War of the Last Alliance|War]], many of these Men perished in battle and their population became diminished.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
The [[Men of Bree]], akin to the [[Dunlendings]], also became subjects of the [[North-kingdom]].<ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Physical Description===<br />
The Dúnedain of Arnor were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces. They were taller and darker than the [[Men of Bree]].<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> The [[Grey Company|Rangers that followed Aragorn]] were described as being stout and lordly men in comparison to the [[Rohirrim]].<ref name="Grey"/> <br />
<br />
The [[Dúnedain]], including those of [[Arnor]], were lords of long life, great power, and wisdom; far superior to the [[Middle Men|Men of Middle-earth]] among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled. They were from the beginning far fewer in number than the [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
===Lifespan===<br />
In the beginning of their history, the [[Dúnedain]] were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=languages/> "More swift was the waning in the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]], for [[Eriador]] became colder and there, the [[Dúnedain]] became ever less".<ref>{{PM|Third}}, p. 227</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the strife and dissensions between the kingdoms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]] hastened the waning of the Dúnedain. Although, their lifespans ever-continued to shorten, the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]] maintained significant longevity living to twice the age of [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=eriador/> The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] even lived up to 160 years or more.<ref name=Tale/><br />
<br />
Even upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]], the life-span of all Dúnedain, even those of [[Arnor]], was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Skills and Customs===<br />
The Dúnedain were a martial folk, even considered great warriors in their decline as [[Théoden]] noted that the skill of the [[Grey Company]] could not be expressed by their numbers.<ref name="Grey">{{RK|V2}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The Rangers were believed to have strange powers of sight and hearing, and to understand the language of beasts and birds.<ref name="Sign"/><br />
<br />
The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]], being men of long life, were "not accustomed to wed until they had laboured long and journeyed in the world".<ref name=Tale>{{PM|Aii}}, p. 263</ref> For women, the age of 22 is considered too early, according to the customs of the Dúnedain, to be wed.<ref name="Av">{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Languages===<br />
[[Westron]] was the native language of the people of [[Arnor]].<ref name=lang>{{App|F1}}</ref> Among the [[Dúnedain]] however, including those of [[Arnor]], "the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood in any degree," for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin|Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}, p. 34</ref> [[Quenya]] was known to the learned of [[Arnor]], a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names. The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Gondorians]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain of the North]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunedain_du_nord]]<br />
[[fi:Pohjoisen dúnedain]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BAnedain_of_Arnor&diff=329197Dúnedain of Arnor2021-03-14T16:42:04Z<p>Tengwar: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}{{expansion}}<br />
{{people infobox<br />
| name=Dúnedain of Arnor<br />
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - Aranarth.jpeg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Aranarth" by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Dúnedain of the North, Northern Dúnedain, Rangers or [[Rangers of the North]]<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Arnor]] <br />
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[Grey Company]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Hill-men]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| members=[[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]], [[Gilraen]]<br />
| lifespan=[[#Lifespan|''See below'']]<br />
| distinctions=Retained their pure [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood<ref name=blood/><br />
| height=Tall<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| hair=Dark<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| skin=Pale<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Dúnedain of Arnor''', also known as the '''Dúnedain of the North''' or the '''Northern Dúnedain''', constituted the ruling class and nobility of [[Arnor]] being descendants of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] who established the North-Kingdom. <br />
<br />
"'''Men of Arnor'''" was a term used to define the inhabitants of Arnor and its successor kingdoms, both of Númenorean and non-Númenorean descent. The history of the Men of Arnor is extensively dominated by the actions of the Dúnedain of the North. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. After passing up the River [[Lhûn]] and into [[Eriador]], he established the realm of [[Arnor]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]] dwelt throughout [[Eriador]], especially along the [[Lhûn]] and the [[Baranduin]]; but their "chief city was at [[Annúminas]] beside Lake [[Nenuial]]. At [[Fornost]] upon the [[North Downs]] also the Númenóreans dwelt, and in [[Cardolan]], and in the hills of [[Rhudaur]]; and towers they raised upon [[Emyn Beraid]] and upon [[Amon Sûl]]".<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
The Men of Arnor were always less powerful and populous than the [[Gondorians]], despite them having precedence over their southern kin as the seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], the Dúnedain in Arnor became a separate entity from their [[Dunedain of the South|southern kin]] following the death of [[Isildur]], son of [[Elendil]], in {{TA|2}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], the Men of Arnor were diminished; there were too few Númenóreans and [[Men of Eriador]] to populate and maintain the land developed and built by the [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]]. This is because many Men of Arnor had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]], the Dúnedain of the North became divided into the petty realms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]], owing to dissensions among his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Conflicts with Angmar===<br />
{{main|Angmar War}}<br />
In c. {{TA|1300}}, the realm of [[Angmar]], ruled by the [[Witch-king]], was established beyond the [[Ettenmoors]] with the purpose of destroying the divided Dúnedain of the North.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
During the reign of [[Argeleb I]], the [[House of Isildur]] had failed in the other kingdoms and so, the [[Kings of Arthedain]] claimed the lordship of all the Northern Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> This claim was resisted in [[Rhudaur]]; there, the [[Dúnedain]] were few, and a lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance secretly lay with [[Angmar]], had seized power.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
A great host came out of [[Angmar]] in {{TA|1409}} and entered [[Cardolan]], besieging the [[Tower of Amon Sûl]]. The Dúnedain were defeated and [[Arveleg I]], as well as the last prince of [[Cardolan]], were slain. Henceforth, [[Rhudaur]] was occupied by evil men allied with [[Angmar]], and the Dúnedain that remained there were killed or fled west. Although [[Cardolan]] was destroyed, a remnant of the Dúnedain there held out in the [[Barrow-downs]] and others took refuge in the [[Old Forest]].<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
Although the northern parts of [[Arthedain]] were little affected, the Dúnedain were affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of the North and South Kingdoms) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, the [[Witch-king]], with his army from [[Angmar]], invaded [[Arthedain]] and captured [[Fornost Erain]], driving most of the Dúnedain over the [[Lhûn|Lune]].<ref name=eriador/> The remnants of the Men of Arnor later joined the great [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]] which overthrew [[Angmar]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
{{main|Rangers of the North}}<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], all the people of [[Arnor]] were diminished.<ref name=eriador/> The Dúnedain of the North were reduced to a few [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten. It was only in [[Rivendell|Imladris]] where they were remembered and it was there that the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Halbarad]], a kinsman of [[Aragorn]], mustered 30 Dúnedain,<ref name="Grey"/> and this [[Grey Company]] rode to the aid of [[Aragorn]] in [[Rohan]] and went on to fight in the [[War of the Ring]] as representatives of the fallen Northern Dúnedain.<ref name="Grey"/><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their glory was restored.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Population==<br />
The Dúnedain of Arnor, unlike their [[Gondorians|kin to the South]], were of unmingled [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.<ref name=blood>{{VT|42a}}, pp. 11-3</ref> By the time [[Hobbits]] entered [[Eriador]] in the mid-[[Third Age]], Men were still numerous: [[Dúnedain|Númenóreans]], Men akin to the [[Edain]], and evil Men hostile to the [[House of Isildur]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #59</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the [[Men of Eriador]] accepted the Númenórean kingdom and helped to populate and maintain the places that the [[Exiles of Númenor]] initially built. When [[Elendil]] led the Men of Arnor to battle against [[Sauron]], the [[Men of Eriador]] fought alongside the [[Dúnedain]]. After the [[War of the Last Alliance|War]], many of these Men perished in battle and their population became diminished.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
The [[Men of Bree]], akin to the [[Dunlendings]], also became subjects of the [[North-kingdom]].<ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Physical Description===<br />
The Dúnedain of Arnor were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> They were taller and darker than the [[Men of Bree]].<ref name="Sign"/> The [[Grey Company|Rangers that followed Aragorn]] were described as being stout and lordly men in comparison to the [[Rohirrim]].<ref name="Grey"/> <br />
<br />
The [[Dúnedain]], including those of [[Arnor]], were lords of long life, great power, and wisdom; far superior to the [[Middle Men|Men of Middle-earth]] among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled.<ref name=languages/> They were from the beginning far fewer in number than the [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
===Lifespan===<br />
In the beginning of their history, the [[Dúnedain]] were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=languages/> "More swift was the waning in the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]], for [[Eriador]] became colder and there, the [[Dúnedain]] became ever less".<ref>{{PM|Third}}, p. 227</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the strife and dissensions between the kingdoms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]] hastened the waning of the Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> Although, their lifespans ever-continued to shorten, the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]] maintained significant longevity living to twice the age of [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=eriador/> The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] even lived up to 160 years or more.<ref name=Tale/><br />
<br />
Even upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]], the life-span of all Dúnedain, even those of [[Arnor]], was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Skills and Customs===<br />
The Dúnedain were a martial folk, even considered great warriors in their decline as [[Théoden]] noted that the skill of the [[Grey Company]] could not be expressed by their numbers.<ref name="Grey">{{RK|V2}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The Rangers were believed to have strange powers of sight and hearing, and to understand the language of beasts and birds.<ref name="Sign"/><br />
<br />
The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]], being men of long life, were "not accustomed to wed until they had laboured long and journeyed in the world".<ref name=Tale>{{PM|Aii}}, p. 263</ref> For women, the age of 22 is considered too early, according to the customs of the Dúnedain, to be wed.<ref name="Av">{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Languages===<br />
[[Westron]] was the native language of the people of [[Arnor]].<ref name=lang>{{App|F1}}</ref> Among the [[Dúnedain]] however, including those of [[Arnor]], "the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood in any degree," for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin|Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}, p. 34</ref> [[Quenya]] was known to the learned of [[Arnor]], a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref> The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Gondorians]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain of the North]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunedain_du_nord]]<br />
[[fi:Pohjoisen dúnedain]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BAnedain_of_Arnor&diff=329196Dúnedain of Arnor2021-03-14T16:40:30Z<p>Tengwar: Small tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}{{expansion}}<br />
{{people infobox<br />
| name=Dúnedain of Arnor<br />
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - Aranarth.jpeg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Aranarth" by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Dúnedain of the North, Northern Dúnedain, Rangers or [[Rangers of the North]]<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Arnor]] <br />
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[Grey Company]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Hill-men]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| members=[[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]], [[Gilraen]]<br />
| lifespan=[[#Lifespan|''See below'']]<br />
| distinctions=Retained their pure [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood<ref name=blood/><br />
| height=Tall<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| hair=Dark<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| skin=Pale<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Dúnedain of Arnor''', also known as the '''Dúnedain of the North''' or the '''Northern Dúnedain''', constituted the ruling class and nobility of [[Arnor]] being descendants of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] who established the North-Kingdom. <br />
<br />
'''Men of Arnor''' was a term used to define the inhabitants of Arnor and its successor kingdoms, both of Númenorean and non-Númenorean descent. The history of the Men of Arnor is extensively dominated by the actions of the Dúnedain of the North. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. After passing up the River [[Lhûn]] and into [[Eriador]], he established the realm of [[Arnor]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]] dwelt throughout [[Eriador]], especially along the [[Lhûn]] and the [[Baranduin]]; but their "chief city was at [[Annúminas]] beside Lake [[Nenuial]]. At [[Fornost]] upon the [[North Downs]] also the Númenóreans dwelt, and in [[Cardolan]], and in the hills of [[Rhudaur]]; and towers they raised upon [[Emyn Beraid]] and upon [[Amon Sûl]]".<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
The Men of Arnor were always less powerful and populous than the [[Gondorians]], despite them having precedence over their southern kin as the seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], the Dúnedain in Arnor became a separate entity from their [[Dunedain of the South|southern kin]] following the death of [[Isildur]], son of [[Elendil]], in {{TA|2}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], the Men of Arnor were diminished; there were too few Númenóreans and [[Men of Eriador]] to populate and maintain the land developed and built by the [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]]. This is because many Men of Arnor had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]], the Dúnedain of the North became divided into the petty realms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]], owing to dissensions among his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Conflicts with Angmar===<br />
{{main|Angmar War}}<br />
In c. {{TA|1300}}, the realm of [[Angmar]], ruled by the [[Witch-king]], was established beyond the [[Ettenmoors]] with the purpose of destroying the divided Dúnedain of the North.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
During the reign of [[Argeleb I]], the [[House of Isildur]] had failed in the other kingdoms and so, the [[Kings of Arthedain]] claimed the lordship of all the Northern Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> This claim was resisted in [[Rhudaur]]; there, the [[Dúnedain]] were few, and a lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance secretly lay with [[Angmar]], had seized power.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
A great host came out of [[Angmar]] in {{TA|1409}} and entered [[Cardolan]], besieging the [[Tower of Amon Sûl]]. The Dúnedain were defeated and [[Arveleg I]], as well as the last prince of [[Cardolan]], were slain. Henceforth, [[Rhudaur]] was occupied by evil men allied with [[Angmar]], and the Dúnedain that remained there were killed or fled west. Although [[Cardolan]] was destroyed, a remnant of the Dúnedain there held out in the [[Barrow-downs]] and others took refuge in the [[Old Forest]].<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
Although the northern parts of [[Arthedain]] were little affected, the Dúnedain were affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of the North and South Kingdoms) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, the [[Witch-king]], with his army from [[Angmar]], invaded [[Arthedain]] and captured [[Fornost Erain]], driving most of the Dúnedain over the [[Lhûn|Lune]].<ref name=eriador/> The remnants of the Men of Arnor later joined the great [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]] which overthrew [[Angmar]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
{{main|Rangers of the North}}<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], all the people of [[Arnor]] were diminished.<ref name=eriador/> The Dúnedain of the North were reduced to a few [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten. It was only in [[Rivendell|Imladris]] where they were remembered and it was there that the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Halbarad]], a kinsman of [[Aragorn]], mustered 30 Dúnedain,<ref name="Grey"/> and this [[Grey Company]] rode to the aid of [[Aragorn]] in [[Rohan]] and went on to fight in the [[War of the Ring]] as representatives of the fallen Northern Dúnedain.<ref name="Grey"/><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their glory was restored.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Population==<br />
The Dúnedain of Arnor, unlike their [[Gondorians|kin to the South]], were of unmingled [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.<ref name=blood>{{VT|42a}}, pp. 11-3</ref> By the time [[Hobbits]] entered [[Eriador]] in the mid-[[Third Age]], Men were still numerous: [[Dúnedain|Númenóreans]], Men akin to the [[Edain]], and evil Men hostile to the [[House of Isildur]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #59</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the [[Men of Eriador]] accepted the Númenórean kingdom and helped to populate and maintain the places that the [[Exiles of Númenor]] initially built. When [[Elendil]] led the Men of Arnor to battle against [[Sauron]], the [[Men of Eriador]] fought alongside the [[Dúnedain]]. After the [[War of the Last Alliance|War]], many of these Men perished in battle and their population became diminished.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
The [[Men of Bree]], akin to the [[Dunlendings]], also became subjects of the [[North-kingdom]].<ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Physical Description===<br />
The Dúnedain of Arnor were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> They were taller and darker than the [[Men of Bree]].<ref name="Sign"/> The [[Grey Company|Rangers that followed Aragorn]] were described as being stout and lordly men in comparison to the [[Rohirrim]].<ref name="Grey"/> <br />
<br />
The [[Dúnedain]], including those of [[Arnor]], were lords of long life, great power, and wisdom; far superior to the [[Middle Men|Men of Middle-earth]] among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled.<ref name=languages/> They were from the beginning far fewer in number than the [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
===Lifespan===<br />
In the beginning of their history, the [[Dúnedain]] were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=languages/> "More swift was the waning in the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]], for [[Eriador]] became colder and there, the [[Dúnedain]] became ever less".<ref>{{PM|Third}}, p. 227</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the strife and dissensions between the kingdoms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]] hastened the waning of the Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> Although, their lifespans ever-continued to shorten, the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]] maintained significant longevity living to twice the age of [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=eriador/> The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] even lived up to 160 years or more.<ref name=Tale/><br />
<br />
Even upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]], the life-span of all Dúnedain, even those of [[Arnor]], was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Skills and Customs===<br />
The Dúnedain were a martial folk, even considered great warriors in their decline as [[Théoden]] noted that the skill of the [[Grey Company]] could not be expressed by their numbers.<ref name="Grey">{{RK|V2}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The Rangers were believed to have strange powers of sight and hearing, and to understand the language of beasts and birds.<ref name="Sign"/><br />
<br />
The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]], being men of long life, were "not accustomed to wed until they had laboured long and journeyed in the world".<ref name=Tale>{{PM|Aii}}, p. 263</ref> For women, the age of 22 is considered too early, according to the customs of the Dúnedain, to be wed.<ref name="Av">{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Languages===<br />
[[Westron]] was the native language of the people of [[Arnor]].<ref name=lang>{{App|F1}}</ref> Among the [[Dúnedain]] however, including those of [[Arnor]], "the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood in any degree," for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin|Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}, p. 34</ref> [[Quenya]] was known to the learned of [[Arnor]], a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref> The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Gondorians]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain of the North]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunedain_du_nord]]<br />
[[fi:Pohjoisen dúnedain]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BAnedain_of_Arnor&diff=329186Dúnedain of Arnor2021-03-14T05:04:18Z<p>Tengwar: Major cleanup!!! Feel free to edit and add more pictures!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}{{expansion}}<br />
{{people infobox<br />
| name=Dúnedain of Arnor<br />
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - Aranarth.jpeg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Aranarth" by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Dúnedain of the North, Northern Dúnedain, Rangers or [[Rangers of the North]]<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Arnor]] <br />
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[Grey Company]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Hill-men]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| members=[[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]], [[Gilraen]]<br />
| lifespan=[[#Lifespan|''See below'']]<br />
| distinctions=Retained their pure [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood<ref name=blood/><br />
| height=Tall<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| hair=Dark<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| skin=Pale<ref name="Sign"/><br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Dúnedain of Arnor''', also known as the '''Dúnedain of the North''' or the '''Northern Dúnedain''', constituted the ruling class and nobility of [[Arnor]] being descendants of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] who established the North-Kingdom. <br />
<br />
'''Men of Arnor''' was a term used to define the inhabitants of Arnor and its successor kingdoms, both of Númenorean and non-Númenorean descent. The history of the Men of Arnor is extensively dominated by the actions of the Dúnedain of the North. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. After passing up the River [[Lhûn]], and beyond [[Ered Luin]], he established the realm of [[Arnor]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]] dwelt throughout [[Eriador]], especially along the [[Lhûn]] and the [[Baranduin]]; but their "chief city was at [[Annúminas]] beside Lake [[Nenuial]]. At [[Fornost]] upon the [[North Downs]] also the Númenóreans dwelt, and in [[Cardolan]], and in the hills of [[Rhudaur]]; and towers they raised upon [[Emyn Beraid]] and upon [[Amon Sûl]]".<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
The Men of Arnor were always less powerful and populous than the [[Gondorians]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
Originally ruled by their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], the Dúnedain in Arnor became a separate entity from their [[Dunedain of the South|southern kin]] following the death of [[Isildur]], son of [[Elendil]], in {{TA|2}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], the Men of Arnor were diminished; there were too few Númenóreans and [[Men of Eriador]] to populate and maintain the land developed and built by the [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]]. This is because many Men of Arnor had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]], the Dúnedain of the North became divided into the petty realms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]], owing to dissensions among his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Conflicts with Angmar===<br />
{{main|Angmar War}}<br />
In c. {{TA|1300}}, the realm of [[Angmar]], ruled by the [[Witch-king]], was established beyond the [[Ettenmoors]] with the purpose of destroying the divided Dúnedain of the North.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
During the reign of [[Argeleb I]], the [[House of Isildur]] had failed in the other kingdoms and so, the [[Kings of Arthedain]] claimed the lordship of all the Northern Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> This claim was resisted in [[Rhudaur]]; there, the [[Dúnedain]] were few, and a lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance secretly lay with [[Angmar]], had seized power.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
A great host came out of [[Angmar]] in {{TA|1409}} and entered [[Cardolan]], besieging the [[Weathertop|Tower of Amon Sûl]]. The Dúnedain were defeated and [[Arveleg I]], as well as the last prince of [[Cardolan]], were slain. Henceforth, [[Rhudaur]] was occupied by evil men allied with [[Angmar]], and the Dúnedain that remained there were killed or fled west. Although [[Cardolan]] was destroyed, a remnant of the Dúnedain there held out in the [[Barrow-downs]] and others took refuge in the [[Old Forest]].<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
Although the northern parts of [[Arthedain]] were little affected, the Dúnedain were affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of the North and South Kingdoms) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, the [[Witch-king]], with his army from [[Angmar]], invaded [[Arthedain]] and captured [[Fornost Erain]], driving most of the Dúnedain over the [[Lhûn|Lune]].<ref name=eriador/> The remnants of the Men of Arnor later joined the great [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]] which overthrew [[Angmar]].<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
{{main|Rangers of the North}}<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], all the people of [[Arnor]] were diminished.<ref name=eriador/> The Dúnedain of the North were reduced to a few [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten. It was only in [[Rivendell|Imladris]] where they were remembered and it was there that the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Halbarad]], a kinsman of [[Aragorn]], mustered 30 Dúnedain,<ref name="Grey"/> and this [[Grey Company]] rode to the aid of [[Aragorn]] in [[Rohan]] and went on to fight in the [[War of the Ring]] as representatives of the fallen Northern Dúnedain.<ref name="Grey"/><br />
<br />
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after the [[War of the Ring]], the Dúnedain were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under [[Aragorn II Elessar]], [[Isildur's Heir]], and their glory was restored.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==Population==<br />
The Dúnedain of Arnor, unlike their [[Gondorians|kin to the South]], were of unmingled [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.<ref name=blood>{{VT|42a}}, pp. 11-3</ref> By the time [[Hobbits]] entered [[Eriador]] in the mid-[[Third Age]], Men were still numerous: [[Dúnedain|Númenóreans]], Men akin to the [[Edain]], and evil Men hostile to the [[House of Isildur]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #59</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the [[Men of Eriador]] accepted the Númenórean kingdom and helped to populate and maintain the places that the [[Exiles of Númenor]] initially built. When [[Elendil]] led the Men of Arnor to battle against [[Sauron]], the [[Men of Eriador]] fought alongside the [[Dúnedain]]. After the [[War of the Last Alliance|War]], many of these Men perished in battle and their population became diminished.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
The [[Men of Bree]], akin to the [[Dunlendings]], also became subjects of the [[North-kingdom]].<ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
===Skills and Customs===<br />
The Dúnedain were a martial folk, even considered great warriors in their decline as [[Théoden]] noted that the skill of the [[Grey Company]] could not be expressed by their numbers.<ref name="Grey">{{RK|V2}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The Rangers were believed to have strange powers of sight and hearing, and to understand the language of beasts and birds.<ref name="Sign"/><br />
<br />
The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]], being men of long life, were "not accustomed to wed until they had laboured long and journeyed in the world".<ref name=Tale>{{PM|Aii}}, p. 263</ref> For women, the age of 22 is considered too early, according to the customs of the Dúnedain, to be wed.<ref name="Av">{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Languages===<br />
[[Westron]] was the native language of the people of [[Arnor]].<ref name=lang>{{App|F1}}</ref> Among the [[Dúnedain]] however, including those of [[Arnor]], "the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood in any degree," for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin|Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}, p. 34</ref> [[Quenya]] was known to the learned of [[Arnor]], a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref> The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North/><br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
===Physical Description===<br />
The Dúnedain of Arnor were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> They were taller and darker than the [[Men of Bree]].<ref name="Sign"/> The [[Grey Company|Rangers that followed Aragorn]] were described as being stout and lordly men in comparison to the [[Rohirrim]].<ref name="Grey"/> <br />
<br />
The [[Dúnedain]], including those of [[Arnor]], were lords of long life, great power, and wisdom; far superior to the [[Middle Men|Men of Middle-earth]] among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled.<ref name=languages/> They were from the beginning far fewer in number than the [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
===Lifespan===<br />
In the beginning of their history, the [[Dúnedain]] were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=languages/> "More swift was the waning in the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]], for [[Eriador]] became colder and there, the [[Dúnedain]] became ever less".<ref>{{PM|Third}}, p. 227</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Arnor]], the strife and dissensions between the kingdoms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]] hastened the waning of the Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> Although, their lifespans ever-continued to shorten, the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]] maintained significant longevity living to twice the age of [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=eriador/> The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] even lived up to 160 years or more.<ref name=Tale/><br />
<br />
Even upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]], the life-span of all Dúnedain, even those of [[Arnor]], was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Gondorians]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain of the North]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunedain_du_nord]]<br />
[[fi:Pohjoisen dúnedain]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Kings_of_Durin%27s_Folk&diff=329185Kings of Durin's Folk2021-03-13T22:03:40Z<p>Tengwar: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Kings of Durin's Folk''' were those of the [[House of Durin]] who ruled as kings, even when in exile. <br />
<br />
The kings were all descended from [[Durin|Durin the Deathless]] of the [[First Age]]; in fact, five of the kings after Durin I were held to be reincarnations of him by the [[Dwarves]]. No complete list of all kings is known. The table below shows the names of those Kings who have been recorded, or whose existence could be deduced. In the table all information was obtained from ''The Lord of the Rings'', Appendix A, "Durin’s Folk"<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> unless otherwise indicated. The "Realm(s)" column indicates which place or places the kings ruled from during their reigns.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" class="TGtable"><br />
<tr style="background:#EFEFEF;"><th>Name</th><th>Birth</th><th>Death</th><th>Realm(s)</th><th>Historical Notes</th></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin|Durin I]] the Deathless</td><td align=center>Between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1250|n}}<ref name="GA">{{GA|19}}</ref> </td><td align=center>Late [[First Age]]<ref name="Durin"/></td><td>[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]</td><td>One of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] and founder of the Longbeards, [[Durin's Folk]]. He ruled his people for centuries - so long, in fact, that he became known as the "Durin the Deathless" - but eventually, he died before the end of the First Age. He established the city of [[Khazad-dûm]] and began his reign there.<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin II]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>Nothing is recorded about his reign.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin III]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was the [[King of Khazad-dûm]] at the time of the forging of the [[Rings of Power]] (sometime between {{SA|1500}} and {{SA|1590|n}}<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>) and a great friend of [[Celebrimbor]] the [[Lord of Eregion]]. He received one of the [[Seven Rings]] (later known as the [[Ring of Thrór]]) as a gift from his friend. The [[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]] in the North is said to have come to an end during his reign.<ref name="Dwarves">{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin IV]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>Nothing is recorded about his reign.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin V]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>Nothing is recorded about his reign.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin VI]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1731|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|1980|n}} †</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was King when the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] was awakened in {{TA|1980|n}}.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> After he was killed by it the Balrog was called [[Durin's Bane]] and Khazad-dûm was known as Moria.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Náin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1832|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|1981|n}} †</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He reigned for just one year before he was also slain by [[Durin's Bane]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thráin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1934|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2190|n}}</td><td>[[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]</td><td> He led a great part of his people away from Khazad-dûm into the North and founded the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]] in {{TA|1999|n}}.<ref name="TA"/> The [[Arkenstone]] was during his reign in the [[Lonely Mountain]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2035|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2289|n}}</td><td>Erebor, [[Ered Mithrin]]</td><td>Learning that his people were regrouping in the [[Grey Mountains]], Thorin I abandoned Erebor and reestablished the throne in the Ered Mithrin in {{TA|2210|n}}.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Glóin (King of Durin's Folk)|Glóin]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2136|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2385|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>Nothing is recorded about his reign.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Óin (King of Durin's Folk)|Óin]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2238|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2488|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>Towards the very end of Óin's reign, in T.A. 2460, the Shadow returned to [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]] with increased strength; and in c. T.A. 2480 [[Orcs]] began to spread again in the [[Misty Mountains]] in order to block all passes into [[Eriador]], whilst [[Sauron]] populated [[Moria]] with his creatures.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Náin II]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2338|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2585|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>In {{TA|2570|n}}, the prosperous Dwarves began to suffer [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|attacks]] by the [[Dragons]] of the North.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Dáin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2440|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2589|n}} †</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>His reign came to a swift end when he was slain by a [[Cold-drakes|cold-drake]] before the entrance to his halls.<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thrór]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2542|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2790|n}} †</td><td>Ered Mithrin, Erebor, exile, [[Dunland]]</td><td>He led his people out of the [[Grey Mountains]] back to the Lonely Mountain. He had been [[King under the Mountain]] for more than 180 years when the dragon [[Smaug]] descended on the mountain and [[Sack of Erebor|sacked]] it. He escaped the destruction, and went wandering in the wild before settling in Dunland. Later, he went to reclaim Khazad-dûm where he was murdered by [[Azog]] the Orc-chieftain, a crime that provoked the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thráin|Thráin II]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2644|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2850|n}} †</td><td>Dunland, [[Ered Luin]]</td><td>He avenged his father's death with the defeat of Azog's Orcs at the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. In the early part of his reign, he dwelt in [[Dunland]], but he later moved northwest to the [[Ered Luin]] west of Eriador and established a [[Thorin's Halls|new realm]]. Before his reign ended, he resolved to return to Erebor, but while wandering in the wild he was captured in {{TA|2845|n}}<ref name="TA"/> and died in the dungeons of the [[Necromancer]]. Consequently, the [[Ring of Thrór]] was lost to [[Sauron]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2746|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2941|n}} †</td><td>Ered Luin, Erebor</td><td> He ruled as King in the Ered Luin for many years, but like his father before him, he was determined to return to his ancient home of Erebor. Accompanied by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]], he led a [[Thorin and Company|troop of companions]] into the east, and against all hope recovered the Lonely Mountain from Smaug. After Smaug's death, Thorin was slain in the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. The only remaining descendants of Thrór's line, Thorin's nephews [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], were also lost in the battle.<ref name="Durin"/> So the Kingship passed to the line of [[Grór]], Thrór's younger brother; specifically, to his grandson [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2767|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|3019|n}} †</td><td>Erebor</td><td> Dáin was a descendant of [[Grór]] and lord of the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]. Dáin joined his [[Nain son of Gror|father's]] contingent in the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]], at which time he slew [[Azog]]. After Thorin's death in the [[Battle of Five Armies]], Dáin was crowned King of Durin's Folk.<ref name="Durin"/> He ruled in prosperity as [[King under the Mountain]] for many years until the time of the [[War of the Ring]]. He was slain in the [[Battle of Dale]].<ref name=great/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2866|n}}</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Erebor</td><td>Thorin himself succeeded to the kingship when his father was killed during the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}}. His realm was under the crown and protection of the new [[King of Gondor and Arnor]].<ref name=great>{{App|Great}}</ref> During his rule, [[Gimli]] led a number of [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]] south to [[Aglarond]], where a new [[Lord of the Glittering Caves|lordship]] was established.<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin VII]]</td><td align=center>After {{FoA|171}}<br><ref group="note">The mention of Durin's name as a prophecy in the [[Appendix A]], and considering that the Appendix derives from the [[Red Book]] (copied {{FoA|171}}), seems to suggest that he was probably born, or emerged, after that date.</ref></td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref></td><td>He was the last of the reincarnations of [[Durin]] hence his title as "Durin the Last".<ref name="Durin"/> He was a direct descendant of [[Thorin III Stonehelm]]<ref group="note">An alternative version of the genealogical tree of [[Appendix A]] suggested Durin VII was the son of Thorin III.</ref><ref>{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 279</ref> His birth was apparently prophesied upon the accession of [[Dáin II]] after the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 383</ref> He led [[Durin's Folk]] back to [[Khazad-dûm]] at some unknown time after {{FoA|171}}, where they remained "until the world grew old and the Dwarves failed and the days of Durin's race were ended".<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 278</ref></td></tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
Durin I died before the end of the First Age, so that between his rule and that of Thorin III, the Kings of Durin's line ruled for a period of about 6,500 years. Given that the average length of a reign among the Longbeards seems to have been roughly a century, it can be deduced that there were probably about fifty Kings that have went unmentioned.<br />
<br />
{{References|notes}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durins Volk#Stammbaum]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/rois_du_peuple_de_durin]]<br />
[[fi:Durinin heimon kuninkaat]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Kings_of_Durin%27s_Folk&diff=329184Kings of Durin's Folk2021-03-13T22:03:01Z<p>Tengwar: Cleaned up a lot of speculation and added references but still needs heaps of work</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Kings of Durin's Folk''' were those of the [[House of Durin]] who ruled as kings, even when in exile. <br />
<br />
The kings were all descended from [[Durin|Durin the Deathless]] of the [[First Age]]; in fact, five of the kings after Durin I were held to be reincarnations of him by the [[Dwarves]]. No complete list of all kings is known. The table below shows the names of those Kings who have been recorded, or whose existence could be deduced. In the table all information was obtained from ''The Lord of the Rings'', Appendix A, "Durin’s Folk"<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> unless otherwise indicated. The "Realm(s)" column indicates which place or places the kings ruled from during their reigns.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" class="TGtable"><br />
<tr style="background:#EFEFEF;"><th>Name</th><th>Birth</th><th>Death</th><th>Realm(s)</th><th>Historical Notes</th></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin|Durin I]] the Deathless</td><td align=center>Between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1250|n}}<ref name="GA">{{GA|19}}</ref> </td><td align=center>Late [[First Age]]<ref name="Durin"/></td><td>[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]</td><td>One of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] and founder of the Longbeards, [[Durin's Folk]]. He ruled his people for centuries - so long, in fact, that he became known as the "Durin the Deathless" - but eventually, he died before the end of the First Age. He established the city of [[Khazad-dûm]] and began his reign there.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin II]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>Nothing is recorded about his reign.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin III]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was the [[King of Khazad-dûm]] at the time of the forging of the [[Rings of Power]] (sometime between {{SA|1500}} and {{SA|1590|n}}<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>) and a great friend of [[Celebrimbor]] the [[Lord of Eregion]]. He received one of the [[Seven Rings]] (later known as the [[Ring of Thrór]]) as a gift from his friend. The [[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]] in the North is said to have come to an end during his reign.<ref name="Dwarves">{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin IV]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>Nothing is recorded about his reign.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin V]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>Nothing is recorded about his reign.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin VI]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1731|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|1980|n}} †</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was King when the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] was awakened in {{TA|1980|n}}.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> After he was killed by it the Balrog was called [[Durin's Bane]] and Khazad-dûm was known as Moria.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Náin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1832|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|1981|n}} †</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He reigned for just one year before he was also slain by [[Durin's Bane]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thráin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1934|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2190|n}}</td><td>[[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]</td><td> He led a great part of his people away from Khazad-dûm into the North and founded the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]] in {{TA|1999|n}}.<ref name="TA"/> The [[Arkenstone]] was during his reign in the [[Lonely Mountain]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2035|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2289|n}}</td><td>Erebor, [[Ered Mithrin]]</td><td>Learning that his people were regrouping in the [[Grey Mountains]], Thorin I abandoned Erebor and reestablished the throne in the Ered Mithrin in {{TA|2210|n}}.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Glóin (King of Durin's Folk)|Glóin]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2136|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2385|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>Nothing is recorded about his reign.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Óin (King of Durin's Folk)|Óin]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2238|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2488|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>Towards the very end of Óin's reign, in T.A. 2460, the Shadow returned to [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]] with increased strength; and in c. T.A. 2480 [[Orcs]] began to spread again in the [[Misty Mountains]] in order to block all passes into [[Eriador]], whilst [[Sauron]] populated [[Moria]] with his creatures.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Náin II]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2338|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2585|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>In {{TA|2570|n}}, the prosperous Dwarves began to suffer [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|attacks]] by the [[Dragons]] of the North.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Dáin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2440|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2589|n}} †</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>His reign came to a swift end when he was slain by a [[Cold-drakes|cold-drake]] before the entrance to his halls.<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thrór]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2542|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2790|n}} †</td><td>Ered Mithrin, Erebor, exile, [[Dunland]]</td><td>He led his people out of the [[Grey Mountains]] back to the Lonely Mountain. He had been [[King under the Mountain]] for more than 180 years when the dragon [[Smaug]] descended on the mountain and [[Sack of Erebor|sacked]] it. He escaped the destruction, and went wandering in the wild before settling in Dunland. Later, he went to reclaim Khazad-dûm where he was murdered by [[Azog]] the Orc-chieftain, a crime that provoked the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thráin|Thráin II]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2644|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2850|n}} †</td><td>Dunland, [[Ered Luin]]</td><td>He avenged his father's death with the defeat of Azog's Orcs at the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. In the early part of his reign, he dwelt in [[Dunland]], but he later moved northwest to the [[Ered Luin]] west of Eriador and established a [[Thorin's Halls|new realm]]. Before his reign ended, he resolved to return to Erebor, but while wandering in the wild he was captured in {{TA|2845|n}}<ref name="TA"/> and died in the dungeons of the [[Necromancer]]. Consequently, the [[Ring of Thrór]] was lost to [[Sauron]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2746|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2941|n}} †</td><td>Ered Luin, Erebor</td><td> He ruled as King in the Ered Luin for many years, but like his father before him, he was determined to return to his ancient home of Erebor. Accompanied by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]], he led a [[Thorin and Company|troop of companions]] into the east, and against all hope recovered the Lonely Mountain from Smaug. After Smaug's death, Thorin was slain in the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. The only remaining descendants of Thrór's line, Thorin's nephews [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], were also lost in the battle.<ref name="Durin"/> So the Kingship passed to the line of [[Grór]], Thrór's younger brother; specifically, to his grandson [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]].<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2767|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|3019|n}} †</td><td>Erebor</td><td> Dáin was a descendant of [[Grór]] and lord of the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]. Dáin joined his [[Nain son of Gror|father's]] contingent in the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]], at which time he slew [[Azog]]. After Thorin's death in the [[Battle of Five Armies]], Dáin was crowned King of Durin's Folk.<ref name="Durin"/> He ruled in prosperity as [[King under the Mountain]] for many years until the time of the [[War of the Ring]]. He was slain in the [[Battle of Dale]].<ref name=great/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2866|n}}</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Erebor</td><td>Thorin himself succeeded to the kingship when his father was killed during the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}}. His realm was under the crown and protection of the new [[King of Gondor and Arnor]].<ref name=great>{{App|Great}}</ref> During his rule, [[Gimli]] led a number of [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]] south to [[Aglarond]], where a new [[Lord of the Glittering Caves|lordship]] was established.<ref name="Durin"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin VII]]</td><td align=center>After {{FoA|171}}<br><ref group="note">The mention of Durin's name as a prophecy in the [[Appendix A]], and considering that the Appendix derives from the [[Red Book]] (copied {{FoA|171}}), seems to suggest that he was probably born, or emerged, after that date.</ref></td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref></td><td>He was the last of the reincarnations of [[Durin]] hence his title as "Durin the Last".<ref name="Durin"/> He was a direct descendant of [[Thorin III Stonehelm]]<ref group="note">An alternative version of the genealogical tree of [[Appendix A]] suggested Durin VII was the son of Thorin III.</ref><ref>{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 279</ref> His birth was apparently prophesied upon the accession of [[Dáin II]] after the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 383</ref> He led [[Durin's Folk]] back to [[Khazad-dûm]] at some unknown time after {{FoA|171}}, where they remained "until the world grew old and the Dwarves failed and the days of Durin's race were ended".<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}, p. 278</ref></td></tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
Durin I died before the end of the First Age, so that between his rule and that of Thorin III, the Kings of Durin's line ruled for a period of about 6,500 years. Given that the average length of a reign among the Longbeards seems to have been roughly a century, it can be deduced that there were probably about fifty Kings that have went unmentioned.<br />
<br />
{{References|notes}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durins Volk#Stammbaum]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/rois_du_peuple_de_durin]]<br />
[[fi:Durinin heimon kuninkaat]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Durin_II&diff=329181Talk:Durin II2021-03-13T19:09:40Z<p>Tengwar: Alliance with Men</p>
<hr />
<div>== Alliance with Men ==<br />
<br />
There is no proof within the legendarium in which the cooperation/alliance between the Dwarves and early Northmen occurred during his reign because even his reign is little defined to an obscure timeline between the end of the First Age to the mid-Second Age. Therefore, that information is rather redundant in this article. Additionally, it isn't stated explicityl that these men were of the Vales of Anduin but rather the "Men of the North", and early name for the Northmen.--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 19:09, 13 March 2021 (UTC)</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Green-elves&diff=329169Green-elves2021-03-13T03:55:09Z<p>Tengwar: Small edits and tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Green-elves<br />
| image=[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Green-elf of Ossiriand.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Green-elf of Ossiriand" by [[Peter Xavier Price]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Elves of Ossiriand, Laiquendi<br />
| origin=[[Nandor]] who crossed into [[Beleriand]]<br />
| location=[[Ossiriand]], [[Lindon]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| rivalry=<br />
| language=[[Nandorin]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| members=[[Denethor (son of Lenwë)|Denethor]]<br />
| lifespan=Immortal<br />
| distinctions=Skilled in woodcraft<ref name="Sindar"/><br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing="raiment of the colour of leaves"<ref name="Sindar"/><br />
| weapons="light-armed"<ref name="Sindar"/><br />
}}<br />
The '''Green-elves''' ([[Quenya|Q]] '''''[[Green-elves#Etymology|Laiquendi]]''''', [[Sindarin|S]] '''''[[Green-elves#Etymology|Laegrim]]'''''; also '''Green Elves'''<ref>{{PM|XI4}}, p. 349</ref>) were a clan of the [[Nandor]].<ref name=WJC/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[Lenwë]] was an [[Elves|Elf]] of the [[Telerin]] clan, who set out with the [[Great Journey]] of the [[Elves]] into the West. When his people found their path blocked by the [[Misty Mountains]], he resolved to leave the Journey and instead led his followers south down the [[Vales of Anduin]], and they became known as the Nandor. After many years, Lenwë's son [[Denethor of the Nandor|Denethor]] set out westward once again, and led some part of the Nandor across the Misty Mountains and the Blue, settling at last in the [[Ossiriand|Land of Seven Rivers]] beneath the [[Ered Luin]]; the land called [[Ossiriand]].<br />
[[File:Karolina Węgrzyn - Laiquendi.jpg|''Laiquendi'' by Karolina Węgrzyn|thumb|left]]<br />
Denethor and his followers did not have peace for long because Thingol took advantage of their friendship on the first opportunity, when he was in great need; soon after his return to [[Middle-earth]], before the [[Noldor]] had followed him, [[Morgoth]] [[First Battle of Beleriand|invaded Beleriand]] loosing armies of orcs on King [[Thingol]] and his allies. Morgoth managed to cut him off from the [[Falathrim]] in the west, but not the wide Ossiriand in the east. Thingol called Denethor to his aid and as he attacked the orc-host from the west, the ill-equipped Laegrim pushed them from the east, but suffered great hardship from the iron-shod orcs. Denethor himself was cut off at [[Amon Ereb]] and was slain with those nearest about him before Thingol could rescue him; the Elves beat back the [[Orcs]] at last. The Laegrim loved him and mourned his loss, and henceforth would take no king. They became reclusive, camouflaging in green, pulling away from the many troubles of Beleriand, and fighting no longer against Belegurth.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> From that time, they were known as the Green-elves. When the [[Noldor]] returned from over the [[Belegaer|Sea]], they gave the Laegrim the name (in [[Quenya]]) ''[[Laiquendi]]''.<br />
<br />
Some left Ossiriand for the guarded forests of [[Doriath]]: these settled in [[Arthórien]] and became known as the [[Guest-elves]].<ref name=UT>{{UT|2d}}</ref><ref name=WJP1>{{WJ|P1}}, pp. 112-3</ref> <br />
<br />
The hidden people of the Green-elves played little part in history after the [[First Battle]] of the [[Wars of Beleriand]] as they did not participate in the great events of Beleriand throughout the First Age. Most significantly, they accepted [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]], who came to [[Tol Galen]] in the far south of their land, and made it one of the most beautiful places in Beleriand. After the loss of their ancient ally Thingol at the hands of the [[Dwarves]], they went with Beren to avenge him in the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]]. Much later, after the deaths of Beren and [[Lúthien]], one of their lords took up the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] that Lúthien had borne, and brought it to [[Menegroth]] where Dior now dwelt.<ref name="ref3">{{S|Doriath}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the [[Sons of Fëanor]] wandered in the lands of the Laiquendi, bereft of lands, often mixing with them.<ref name="ref4">{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the end of the [[First Age]], their fate is not clearly known. Much of their land survived the destruction of [[Beleriand]], and as [[Lindon]] came under the rule of [[Gil-galad]]. In the early [[Second Age]], some at least seem to have removed to [[Eriador]], and dwelt on the shores of [[Lake Evendim|Lake Nenuial]].<ref name=concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> Others went east to live among the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> After this, nothing is known of their fate.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The [[Sindarin]] name '''''Laegrim''''' (class plural; sing ''Laegel'', pl ''Laegil'') or ''Laegel(d)rim'', meaning "Green-elves", was a name used by the [[Sindar]] of [[Beleriand]] for the inhabitants of [[Ossiriand]] and [[Lindon]]. This term was translated by the [[Noldor]] to [[Quenya]] '''''Laiquendi'''''.<ref name=WJC>{{WJ|C}}, p. 385</ref><ref group="note">While [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] states in the late manuscript ''[[Quendi and Eldar]]'' (ca. 1959-60) that the Quenya form ''Laiquendi'' "was not much used" (p. 385), it is the only [[Elvish]] translation of "Green-elves" which occurs in the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]''.</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']] appears early Elvish names for the Green-elves: [[Qenya]] ''Laiqendi'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhoebenidh'' or ''Lhoebelidh''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 368 ([[Sundocarme|root]] LÁYAK)</ref><br />
<br />
==Other writings==<br />
In ''[[Letters from Father Christmas]]'', '''green elves''' are mentioned as kin of the [[Red Elves|red elves]].<ref>{{LFC|1936}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
{{elves}}<br />
[[Category:Elven peoples]]<br />
[[Category:Nandor]]<br />
[[de:Laiquendi]]<br />
[[fi:Viherhaltiat]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=E%C3%B6l&diff=329010Eöl2021-03-12T04:00:16Z<p>Tengwar: Small edits and tweaks</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|Eöl, who bore the title of Dark Elf|name of the Dark Elven peoples as a whole|[[Moriquendi]]}}<br />
{{sindar infobox<br />
| name=Eöl<br />
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - Destiny.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Destiny" by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Dark Elf]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Doriath]], [[Nan Elmoth]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth=Before {{YT|1497}}<ref name=SilmMaeglin/><br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{FA|400}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Gondolin]]<br />
| age=428+<br />
| notablefor=Forging of [[Anglachel]] and [[Anguirel]]; inventing [[galvorn]]<br />
| house=Kin of [[Thingol]]<ref>{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref><ref>{{WJ|Editor}}, Note 33 </ref><br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=[[Aredhel]]<br />
| children=[[Maeglin]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=Tall<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=Clad in [[galvorn]] whenever he went out<ref name=SilmMaeglin/><br />
| weapons=Javelin and [[Anguirel]]<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
<center>{{quote|You are of the house of Eöl, Maeglin, my son, and not of the Golodhrim. All this land is the land of the Teleri, and I will not deal nor have my son deal with the slayers of our kin, the invaders and usurpers of our homes. In this you shall obey me, or I will set you in bonds.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Maeglin]]"}}</center><br />
<br />
'''Eöl''', known as the '''Dark Elf''', was a [[Sinda]] of the [[First Age]]. Akin to [[Thingol]], he left [[Doriath]] to found his own realm in the forest of [[Nan Elmoth]]. He built up a friendship with the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]]. That friendship gave him an insight into their craft, and he came to forge the swords [[Anguirel]] and [[Anglachel]], the latter of which became [[Túrin]]'s sword [[Gurthang]].<br />
<br />
In {{FA|316}}, [[Turgon]]'s sister, [[Aredhel]], strayed into his kingdom whom he took for his wife. Later, in {{FA|400}}, Aredhel and their son [[Maeglin]] fled Nan Elmoth for [[Gondolin]] but were pursued by Eöl. In Gondolin, he tried to kill Maeglin with a poisoned javelin, but instead killed Aredhel; for this crime he was executed by being thrown from the cliff of [[Caragdûr]]. The darkness in Eöl's heart was inherited by his son Maeglin and sowed the seeds for the [[Fall of Gondolin]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early life===<br />
Eöl was of the kin of King [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]].<ref>{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref><ref>{{WJ|Editor}}, Note 33 </ref> He was "restless and ill at ease in [[Doriath]],"<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> and when the [[Girdle of Melian]] was raised around the kingdom, he left to dwell in the dark forest of [[Nan Elmoth]], east of Doriath. He had a preference for the land as it had been, before the Sun, for "he loved the night and twilight under the stars."<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> He had little love for the Noldor whom he blamed for the return of Morgoth.<br />
<br />
He was unique among the Elves of old because he befriended the [[Dwarves]]. Their travels into [[East Beleriand]] followed two roads, and the northern way would bring them close to Nan Elmoth. There he would meet with them. Eöl was interested in learning from them, and he shared a rare friendship with the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains|Dwarves]] of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]]. As a guest in their mansions, he developed his great skill in metalwork while they learned "much of what passed in the lands of the Eldar" from him.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/><br />
<br />
Eöl was a skilled craftsman and a master sword-smith.<ref name=Quendi/> Among his greatest works were the two swords made from the iron of a meteorite, [[Anglachel]] and [[Anguirel]]. Anglachel he gave to Thingol as a begrudged payment for dwelling in Nan Elmoth,<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref> and it would later become the sword borne by [[Beleg]], and after him, [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]]. Eöl also devised the strong yet supple, jet-black metal known as [[galvorn]], from which he forged the armour that he used when travelling abroad.<br />
<br />
===Aredhel and Maeglin===<br />
In the early fourth century of the First Age, Eöl saw [[Aredhel]], the sister of [[Turgon]] the King of [[Gondolin]], near the borders of Nan Elmoth. She was very fair and he desired her. Aredhel had become separated from her companions, and Eöl used his enchantments to draw her deeper into the woods and unable to find a way out, until she came, weary with wandering, to his home. He showed himself and welcomed her. She entered his home willingly and stayed. He took her to wife, and in {{FA|320}}, she bore him a son. The child's mother-name was "Lómion", but his father gave him the name of [[Maeglin]].<br />
<br />
In the summer of {{FA|400}}, Eöl travelled into the Blue Mountains for a midsummer feast with the Dwarves of Nogrod, and he returned home to find that his wife and son had left two days earlier. Mounting a horse, he gave chase. Along the way, he was waylaid and taken by [[Curufin]]. The son of Fëanor offered insult to Eöl and expressed his wish to slay him. However, Curufin did not commit this deed, for it was against the laws of the Eldar. Instead he counseled Eöl to return home, forseeing his venture would end in death. Eöl did not heed him, and eventually spotted his wife and son at the [[Ford of Brithiach]]. Realizing that Aredhel was returning to Gondolin with his son, Eöl followed them. He found his way to the [[Dry River]], and the secret way led him to the gates of Gondolin itself. There he was captured and taken to the King.<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Eöl is Led to the Walls.jpg|thumb|''Eöl is led to the walls'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br />
Turgon at first welcomed Eöl as a kinsman, but under the King's law, one who had found the way to the [[Gondolin|Hidden City]] was not permitted to leave. Eöl refused to acknowledge the law or the right of the Noldor to "seize realms or to set bounds" and claimed the land as Teleri.<ref name=SilmMaeglin/> He blamed the Noldor for bringing war to a peaceful land.<br />
<br />
Turgon pointed out that the borders of Eöl's own "sunless woods", Nan Elmoth, were defended by Noldor swords, and if it were not for their presence, he would be a thrall in the pits of Angband. Eöl was left one choice: abide in Gondolin or die. The same choice was left for his son, who chose to stay.<br />
<br />
Enraged at the humiliation and the loss of his freedom, Eöl chose death, for himself and his son, and cast a javelin, which he had hidden beneath his cloak, at Maeglin. Aredhel stepped in front of her son, and she was struck in the shoulder. The wound was treated and seemed minor, and Aredhel and Idril moved Turgon to mercy. But no one knew the point of the javelin had been poisoned until it was too late, and Aredhel died. Thus when Eöl came before Turgon he found no mercy, and was cast over the cliff of [[Caragdûr]] to his death. Before he was hurled over, he cursed his son to share the same fate.<ref name=SilmMaeglin>{{S|Maeglin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
Tolkien does have other renditions of this character that include references to him as an [[Avar]] and even as a "darkened Elf".<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>{{rp|62}} At one point it is hinted that he could be one of the [[Laegil]].<ref name=Maeglin320/>{{rp|322}} In note 9 of Tolkien's essay "[[Quendi and Eldar]]", another draft of Eöl's story appears, dated as written between 1959-1960. In this version, he is an Avar who had once been of the second clan of Elves, the [[Tatyar]]. This was later contradicted by Tolkien in a very late essay, where he is called an Elda. It is unknown if Tolkien changed this or simply forgot, but it is possible to reconcile them by noting that, according to Quendi and Eldar, any rare Avar that joins the Sindar becomes an Elda. Eöl's marriage is a little different in this story as well. He found "the sister of King Turgon, astray in the wild near his dwelling, and he took her to wife by force: a very wicked deed in the eyes of the Eldar."<ref name=Quendi>{{WJ|Quendi}}</ref>{{rp|409}}<br />
<br />
However, that incident contradicts his late 1950s writing on the Eldar included in his essay "Laws and Customs Among the Eldar" which states that another's spouse cannot be forced.<ref name=Laws>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>{{rp|Note 5}} It clearly implies that acts of lust are very rare and that an Elf can reject bodily life to thwart sexual assault.<ref name=Laws/> This conflict of what it meant when Eöl took Aredhel to wife is ameliorated in ''The Silmarillion'' with the simple explanation that Aredhel was not "wholly unwilling" nor that her life in Nan Elmoth was "hateful to her for many years."<ref name=SilmMaeglin/><br />
<br />
This essay on the Eldar also clarifies the idea that once Idril married Tuor, for example, Maeglin should have relinquished his desire for her because he could not physically have her regardless of Morgoth's promise. However, by this point, Maeglin was a darkened Elf.<ref name=Quendi/> It also is exemplified in another brief tale circa 1958 of [[Melkor]] attempting to marry and then ravish the Maia-maiden [[Arien]], but she released her spirit.<ref>{{MR|Myths}}</ref>{{rp|381}} Among the Eldar, and apparently among the Ainur, marriage could not be forced as it was among some Men (see [[Aerin]]).<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Eöl.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
The meaning of the name ''Eöl'' is unknown, and also to which language it pertains. The word is neither [[Quenya]] nor [[Sindarin]], but "Another name from prim[itive] FG - meaningless then and now" since "it isn't really absolutely necessary that names should be significant."<ref name=Maeglin320/><br />
<br />
Usually the reference of a Dark Elf simply refers to an Elf who has not seen the light of Aman, but the concept of a darkened Elf would be one that may have been corrupted by Morgoth.<ref name=Maeglin320/> Tolkien liked this concept as an explanation for his superb and insidious smith-craft, which was written in a margin note of Eöl's story,<ref name=Maeglin320>{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref>{{rp|320}} but he chose instead to consider him more likely acquainted with the Dwarves.<ref name=Quendi/>{{rp|Note 9}}<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| FNG |y| ANA | |FNG=[[Fingolfin]]</br><small>''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''</small>|ANA=[[Anairë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|}}<br />
{{familytree| | | |!| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | ARE |y| EOL | ARE=[[Aredhel]]</br><small>''{{YT|1362}} - {{FA|400}}''</small>|EOL='''EÖL'''</br><small>''d. {{FA|400}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | MAE | | |MAE=[[Maeglin]]</br><small>''{{FA|320}} - {{FA|510|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eol}}<br />
[[Category:Avarin words]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Sindar]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=White_Council&diff=329008White Council2021-03-12T03:19:33Z<p>Tengwar: Small stylistic organization edits</p>
<hr />
<div>{{organization infobox<br />
| name=White Council<br />
| image=[[File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - The White Council meets.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption=The White Council in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''<br />
| pronun=τηερεφορε<br />
| othernames=Council of the Wise<ref name="SRings">{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
| founded={{TA|2463}}<ref name="AppBTA">{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
| founder=[[Galadriel]]<ref name="FRMirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref><br />
| purpose=To co-ordinate the resistance to [[Sauron]]<br />
| members=[[Saruman]], [[Gandalf]], [[Galadriel]], [[Elrond]], [[Círdan]]<br />
| location=<br />
| disbanded={{TA|2953}}<ref name="AppBTA"/><br />
| notablefor=[[Attack on Dol Guldur]]<br />
| gallery=the White Council<br />
}}<br />
The '''White Council''', also referred to as the '''Council of the Wise''', was a group of the [[wise]] in [[Middle-earth]] which met irregularly. Its purpose was "to unite and direct the forces of the [[Westlands|West]], in resistance to the [[Sauron|shadow]]."<ref name="PMThird">{{PM|Third}}</ref><br />
<br />
A "White Council" first met in c. {{SA|1701}}.<ref group="note">In {{UT|Concerning}} it states that, "At this time the first Council was held". This followed the driving out of Sauron from [[Eregion]], which occurred {{SA|1701}} according to {{App|SA}}. According to {{UT|Concerning}}, n. 10, "the first Council" was emended to "the first White Council".</ref> At this meeting it was decided that [[Rivendell|Imladris]] should become the stronghold of the [[Elves]] in [[Eriador]], rather than [[Eregion]]. No members are mentioned explicitly, but it is implied that at least [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] were members because Gil-galad gave [[Vilya]] to Elrond at that Council.<ref name="UTConcerning">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> It seems likely that the "White Council" of the [[Third Age]] echoed this "White Council" of the [[Second Age]].<ref name="UTConcerningNote10">{{UT|Concerning}}, n. 10</ref><br />
<br />
==Members==<br />
The following individuals were clearly stated to have been members of the White Council: <br />
*[[Saruman]], the appointed leader of the Council<br />
*[[Gandalf]]<br />
*[[Galadriel]]<br />
*[[Elrond]]<br />
*[[Círdan]]<br />
<br />
It should be noted, however, that "other lords of the Eldar" did join them.<ref name="SRings"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In {{TA|2063}}<ref name="AppBTA"/> [[Gandalf]] entered [[Dol Guldur]] and drove [[Sauron]] away, beginning the [[Watchful Peace]]; although this was before the formation of the Council, the feat was attributed to them.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}, "...the Watchful Peace, during which Sauron withdrew before the power of the White Council..."</ref><ref group=note>The discrepancy is noted in {{HM|Guide}}, p. 424</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|250px|"Dol Guldur" by [[Angus McBride]]]]<br />
In {{TA|2463}},<ref name="AppBTA"/> following the return of [[Sauron]] and the end of the [[Watchful Peace]] in {{TA|2460|n}},<ref name="AppBTA"/> [[Galadriel]] summoned the first meeting of the White Council.<ref name="FRMirror"/><br />
<br />
There are only four known meetings of the White Council:<ref name="AppBTA"/><br />
#{{TA|2463}}: there were Saruman, Gandalf, Elrond, Galadriel and Círdan, and other lords of the Eldar. It was mooted that [[Gandalf]] be the head of the Council, but to [[Galadriel]]'s dismay he refused the office as he preferred his independence. [[Saruman]] was chosen as their chief instead, because of his knowledge on Sauron's devices, and he begrudged Gandalf for being the desired candidate.<ref name="SRings"/><br />
#{{TA|2851}}: the Council met at [[Rivendell]].<ref name="UTGandalf">{{UT|Gandalf}}</ref> Gandalf urged an attack on [[Dol Guldur]] following his discovery in the [[Third Age 2850|previous year]] that its master was indeed [[Sauron]].<Ref name="SRings"/> Saruman overruled him because in secret he had begun to desire [[the One Ring]] for himself.<ref name="AppBTA"/> Saruman insisted that there was no reason to attack Sauron, claiming therefore that, the One Ring fell into the Anduin, and by now it had been flown to the [[Bay of Belfalas|Sea]].<ref group=note name=repetition>According to the ''Rings of Power'' Saruman makes this claim in the second meeting, and in ''Appendix B'' , this argument is said in the last meeting; in the [[Council of Elrond]] this claim was "repeated what he had said to us before".</ref> In reality Saruman wanted to win some time, knowing that the Ring would sooner or later reveal itself to return to its Master; moving against him, it would make the Ring to hid again.<Ref name="SRings"/> Unusually for a White Council meeting, Gandalf sat apart from the others, in silence and smoking, whilst Saruman spoke against the attack on Dol Guldur. This irritated Saruman and he spoke to Gandalf afterwards, asking him why he did not join in the discussion, and mocked his smoking. Gandalf replied that [[pipe-weed]], a practice of the [[Hobbits|Halflings]], gave him 'patience'. Saruman mocked him again and in response Gandalf sent out many rings of smoke into the air and grasped them in his hand before they vanished. Saruman read this gesture as suggesting that Gandalf suspected him of wanting to possess the One Ring, or that there was a connection between the rings of power and the Halflings.<ref name="UTGandalf"/><br />
#{{TA|2941}}: Gandalf said that although the One Ring was lost, its existence alone allowed Sauron to live, who had now the [[Nine Rings]] and three of the [[Seven Rings|Seven]], and repeated his call to attack [[Dol Guldur]].<Ref name="SRings"/> Saruman finally submitted for he knew that Sauron was searching for the One Ring in the [[Anduin]]<ref name="AppBTA"/> and thrusting him from Dol Guldur would allow him to search freely.<Ref name="SRings"/> The White Council launched an [[attack on Dol Guldur]], but [[Sauron]], having already made plans, fled to [[Mordor]].<ref name="AppBTA"/><Ref name="SRings"/><br />
#{{TA|2953}}: following Sauron's open declaration in {{TA|2951|n}},<ref name="AppBTA"/> there was a discussion on the [[Rings of Power]]. Saruman once again repeated his claim that the One Ring had been lost down the [[Anduin]] and into the [[Belegaer|Sea]]<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref><ref group=note name=repetition/> this quieting Gandalf's worries about Bilbo's Ring. Afterwards, Saruman retreated to [[Isengard]] and isolated himself from the others<ref name="AppBTA"/><Ref name="SRings"/> and would be ensnared by Sauron in {{TA|3000|n}}.<ref name="AppBTA"/><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=The White Council in adaptations<br />
|width=480<br />
|height=200<br />
|lines=1<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - The White Council.jpg|The White Council meets in [[Rivendell]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
:Having arrived at [[Rivendell]] with [[Thorin and Company]], [[Gandalf]] met with [[Elrond]], [[Galadriel]], and [[Saruman]]. It seems that Gandalf was unaware that the meeting would take place. Whilst this meeting is not explicitly called the "White Council," its membership and discussion points have much in common with the White Council in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s writings. Much of the history of the [[Third Age]] is conflated and substantially altered. Gandalf told the Council that [[Radagast]] had found [[Dol Guldur]] occupied by a [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]]. Saruman was very skeptical of Radagast's story and dismissed Gandalf for believing him. Gandalf and Galadriel converse [[ósanwe|telepathically]] before the wizard showed the Council a [[Morgul-knife|morgul blade]] which belonged to the [[Witch-king]]; the blade and [[Nazgûl]] had been buried together many centuries previously following the downfall of [[Angmar]]. Saruman is sceptical about the evidence and Radagast's claims and forbids GAndalf to continue his journey. However Gandalf had already arranged for [[Thorin and Company]] to leave Rivendell during the meeting.<br />
<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''<br />
<br />
:[[Gandalf]] has been imprisoned by [[Sauron]] after a failed solo mission to the stronghold. [[Galadriel]] arrives at the fortress to rescue him, vanquishing an [[Orcs|Orc]] in the process. She and Gandalf are then surrounded by the spectres of the [[Nazgûl|Nine]], but [[Elrond]] and [[Saruman]] arrive on the scene and attack them. Galadriel heals Gandalf, and he is swiftly taken to safety by [[Radagast]]. Sauron himself manifests before the council, but Galadriel assumes a dark ethereal form and overpowers him, with Sauron's spirit fleeing into [[Mordor|the East]].<br />
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{{References|n}}<br />
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[[Category:Organizations]]<br />
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[[de:Weißer Rat]]<br />
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[[fi:Valkoinen Neuvosto]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dwarves&diff=328836Dwarves2021-03-09T20:46:43Z<p>Tengwar: Reorganized the text but still needs alot of work especially with citations</p>
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{{race infobox<br />
| name=Dwarves<br />
| image=[[File:Alarie - A bunch of dwarves.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="A bunch of dwarves" by [[:Category:Images by Alarie|Alarie]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Naugrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nogothrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Khazâd]]'' ([[Khuzdul|K]]), ''[[Hadhod]]rim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Casar]]i'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />
| origin=Descended from the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] created by [[Aulë]]<br />
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Belegost]], [[Nogrod]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Glittering Caves]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Gundabad]], [[Rhûn]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]], [[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Thorin and Company]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Elves]], [[Dragons]], [[Orcs]]<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]],<ref name="S10">{{S|10}}</ref> [[Iglishmêk]] (sign language)<br />
| people='''Clans:'''<br/>[[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]], [[Firebeards]], [[Broadbeams]], [[Ironfists]], [[Stiffbeards]], [[Blacklocks]], [[Stonefoots]]<br/>'''Cultures:<br>'''[[Dwarves of Belegost]], [[Dwarves of Erebor]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]], [[Dwarves of Nogrod]], [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]], [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]], [[Petty-dwarves]]<br />
| members=[[Durin]], [[Gimli]], [[Thorin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Azaghâl]], [[Mîm]], [[Balin]]<br />
| lifespan=''[[#Lifespan|See below]]'' <br />
| distinctions=Stocky; bearded; never bald; especially hardy and loyal; notoriously stubborn<br />
| height=4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall<br />
| hair=Blond, brown, black, blue, red, and (when older) grey or white<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=Often axes, swords, bows, mattocks<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|Since they were to come in the days of the power of [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Aulë]] made the dwarves strong to endure. Therefore they are stone-hard, stubborn, fast in friendship and in enmity, and they suffer toil and hunger and hurt of body more hardily than all other speaking peoples; and they live long, far beyond the span of Men, yet not forever.|[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"}}<br />
<br />
The '''Dwarves''', or '''''[[Khuzd|Khazâd]]''''' in their own tongue, were beings of short stature, often friendly with [[Hobbits]] although long suspicious of [[Elves]]. They were typically blacksmiths and stoneworkers by profession, unrivalled in some of their arts even by the Elves.<br />
<br />
While there were seven Houses of the Dwarves, the most prominent was that of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<br />
<br />
==Origins==<br />
{{main|Fathers of the Dwarves}}<br />
Unlike Elves and [[Men]], the Dwarves are not counted among the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Their creator was [[Aulë#Names and etymology|Mahal]], known as [[Aulë]] the Smith. Aulë created the Seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], from whom all other Dwarves are descended, deep beneath an unknown mountain somewhere in [[Middle-earth]]. However, Aulë did not have the divine power to grant independent life to any creation, and the dwarves were bound to his will. [[Ilúvatar]] came and reprimanded Aulë, who confessed his desire to create more living things, but in repentance lifted his hammer to destroy the dwarves. Even as the blow was about to land, the dwarves cowered and begged for mercy, as Ilúvatar had taken pity and given true life to the creations of his child, including them in His plan for [[Arda]]. However, Ilúvatar did not wish them to wake before the [[Elves]], whom he intended to be the first-born. Ilúvatar granted the Dwarves life, and therefore they are known as the Adopted Children of Ilúvatar, but he bade Aulë lay them to sleep in their chamber deep beneath the mountain, and they were to awake after the [[Awakening of the Elves]].<ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:BFME2 - Dwarf 4.jpg|thumb||Dwarves as portrayed in [[The Battle for Middle-earth II]] game.]]<br />
The Seven Fathers awoke in their places in pairs with their wives, though [[Durin|Durin I]] had awoken alone. The seven different groups of Dwarf-folk originated in the locations where the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves first awoke.<ref name=pmxnotes>{{PM|XNotes}}</ref><br />
<br />
The seven clans of the Dwarves were:<ref name="PMX">{{PM|X}}</ref><br />
<br />
* '''[[Longbeards]]''', ''Durin's Folk'', originally from [[Gundabad]].<br />
* '''[[Firebeards]]''' and '''[[Broadbeams]]''', originally from the [[Blue Mountains]].<br />
* '''[[Ironfists]]''' and '''[[Stiffbeards]]''', originated in the [[East]].<br />
* '''[[Blacklocks]]''' and '''[[Stonefoots]]''', originated in the [[East]].<br />
<br />
Durin settled in the caves above [[Kheled-zâram]] which later became the greatest of Dwarf realms, [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Therefore the halls of the Longbeards were not located near the halls of another Dwarf-kingdom.<br />
<br />
There was also an eighth group of Dwarves that was not a separate member from these seven kindreds, but composed of exiles from each: the [[Petty-dwarves]], who were hunted like animals to the point of extinction by the [[Elves]] in the First Age.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Elder Days===<br />
Sometime after the Elves had awakened at [[Cuiviénen]], the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] were released from their stone chambers. The eldest of them, called [[Durin the Deathless|Durin]], wandered until he founded the city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] in the natural caves beneath three peaks: [[Baranzinbar]], [[Zirakzigil]], and [[Bundushathûr]]. The city, populated by the Longbeards or [[Durin's Folk]], grew and prospered continuously through Durin's life (which was so long that he was called Durin the Deathless, also a reference to the belief by his people that he would be reincarnated seven times). <br />
<br />
Far to the west of Khazad-dûm, the great Dwarf-cities of [[Belegost]] and [[Nogrod]] were founded in [[Ered Luin]] (the Blue Mountains) during the [[Years of the Trees]], before the arrival of the Elves in [[Beleriand]]. The [[Dwarves of Belegost]] were the first to forge mail of linked rings, and they also traded weaponry with the Sindar and carved the [[Menegroth|Thousand Caves of Menegroth]] for [[Thingol]], the Lord of Beleriand. In Nogrod, the Smith [[Telchar]] forged [[Narsil]] and [[Angrist]], two of the most fateful weapons in the history of Arda, as well as the famed [[Dragon-helm]] of [[Dor-Lómin]].<br />
<br />
It is said that some Dwarves in the far [[East]] had fallen under the [[Shadow]] and were of evil mind when the ancestors of the [[Edain]] had encountered them.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #28</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]] fought against the forces of Melkor during the First Age, and the Dwarves of Belegost were the only people able to withstand dragon-fire in the [[Battle of Unnumbered Tears]], when [[Lord of Belegost|Lord]] [[Azaghâl]], who died in the battle, stabbed Glaurung, the first dragon. The [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] fought against Melkor as well. However, they slew [[Thingol]] out of greed and stole the [[Silmaril]] they had been charged to set into the necklace called [[Nauglamír]]. A number of retaliatory actions ensued, and the Nogrod army was destroyed by a force of [[Laiquendi]] and [[Ents]]. Both dwarf kingdoms would eventually be destroyed, along with nearly all of Beleriand, after the [[War of Wrath]], with the dwarvish refugees mainly resettling in Khazad-dûm.<br />
<br />
During those times of war in Beleriand, the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] prospered in relative peace colonizing the [[Iron Hills]] and the [[Grey Mountains]] and traded with the ancestors of the [[Northmen]].<ref>{{PM|Relations}}, pp. 302-303</ref><br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
In the [[Second Age]], around the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Firebeards and Broadbeams who lived in Nogrod and Belegost left the destruction behind and came to [[Khazad-dûm]], increasing its wealth and power.<ref name=AppA3/><br />
<br />
The Dwarves had little participation in most of the important events involving the other races. However their friendship with the Elves became more close than ever; the Dwarves of [[Moria]] maintained close connections to the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] of [[Eregion]]; the [[Doors of Durin]] of Moria were built to facilitate the communication between the two people, and was constructed jointly by both races.<br />
<br />
When Eregion was sacked by [[Sauron]]'s forces, the Dwarves assailed them from behind however, it was too late to stop him from conquering all [[Eriador]].<ref name="UTGalad">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><br />
[[File:Liz Danforth - Annatar and the Seven Rings.png|thumb|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Annatar and the seven rings'']]<br />
When "[[Annatar]]" distributed the Rings of Power, he gave [[seven Rings|seven]] to Dwarf Lords in order to subdue and control them. However, they did not have the same effect as they did over Men. Dwarves did not shift into the [[wraith-world]] and in fact resisted domination. The Rings only augmented their greed and ability to create riches.<br />
<br />
At the end of the Age, very few Dwarves participated in the [[War of the Last Alliance]], with some joining the side of [[Sauron]]. Some of the [[Dwarves of Moria]] joined the great host of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
<!-- This article is about the Race of the Dwarves in general so it should keep generic information. Specific or detailed information about the adventures of the Dwarves as presented in the Hobbit and LotR should rather go under the History section of the article [[Longbeards]], as the characters of the books represent that clan. --><br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Dwarves.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''The Dwarves are upon You!'']]<br />
As [[Sauron]]'s [[shadow]] became stronger around {{TA|1300}}, evil things like the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] began multiplying, harassing the Dwarves.<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Third Age 1980]], after centuries of greedy digging for ''[[mithril]]'' and other minerals, the Dwarves woke a [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] that was sleeping in the deeps of the Misty Mountains since the First Age. The Dwarves fled Khazad-dum, which from then on was called ''Moria'', which means "Black pit".<br />
<br />
Most of Durin's folk left for the [[Grey Mountains]] in the North, while some followed the new king, [[Thráin I]], who briefly went to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] in {{TA|1999}}. For more than 300 years the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] prospered until the Dragons in the far North started to gain strength. Some fled to the [[Iron Hills]], while most followed the new king [[Thrór]] to Erebor to start a new [[Kingdom under the Mountain]]. There, they prospered for over 200 years until the dragon [[Smaug]] descended in {{TA|2770}}. The King and his company went in exile South, while most of the survivors went to the Iron Hills.<br />
<br />
Durin's folk settled in [[Dunland]], and in {{TA|2790}} King Thrór travelled North to Moria where he was killed by the [[Orcs|Goblin]] king [[Azog]]. Thrór's son [[Thráin|Thráin II]] (who had received the Last of the Seven Rings from his father before his departure) summoned all the Houses of Dwarves to war. Thus began the [[War of Dwarves and Orcs]], in which the Dwarves destroyed all the Goblin strongholds in the [[Misty Mountains]] culminating to the great [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] where all the dwarven clans united. The Goblin hosts issuing from Moria were strong and relentless until the arrival of fresh [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]. The Battle ended with the victory of Dwarves, but at great cost. The Dwarven clans, however, were unwilling to repopulate Moria. Thráin, therefore, came to the [[Blue Mountains]] and established his [[Thorin's Halls|realm]] there.<br />
<br />
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Dori.jpg|thumb|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dori'']]<br />
The Wizard [[Gandalf]] was instrumental into helping Thráin's son Thorin in reclaiming the Kingdom of Erebor. Thorin gathered around him [[Thorin and Company|twelve dwarves]], mostly from his own line, and was joined by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]. The [[Quest of Erebor]] ended with the death of [[Smaug]]. After a quarrel with the Men and Elves over the unguarded hoard, the Dwarves - assisted by those from the [[Iron Hills]] - united with the Men and Elves to fight the attacking Goblins and Wargs, in what was called the [[Battle of Five Armies]], where Thorin was killed.<br />
<br />
[[Gimli]] son of Glóin joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] as a representative of the Dwarves and befriended [[Legolas]] during the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
Not much is known about the Dwarves after the [[Third Age]]. After the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gimli]] brought a part of Durin's Folk from Erebor to the Glittering Caves behind Helm's Deep and founded a colony there. Subsequently, Gimli went on many travels with his friend Legolas, and History lost track of their fate. Through their friendship and influence, the feud between the two races that had lasted for millennia finally ended, shortly before the departure of the last Elves from Middle-earth. It is rumoured that Gimli and Legolas eventually boarded a ship that sailed down the river Anduin, out to sea and across to Valinor in the year {{FoA|120}}. Gimli would thus have become the only Dwarf to ever be permitted to cross to the Undying Lands.<br />
<br />
[[Durin VII]] (the Last), retook and brought Khazad-dûm back to its original splendour, and the Longbeards lived there till the "world grew old and the days of Durin's race ended".<ref name="PMX" /> <br />
<br />
==Nature==<br />
They were 4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall and their more distinctive characteristic was their beard which they have from the beginning of their lives, male and females alike; and which they shave only in shame.<ref name=wj13>{{WJ|13}}</ref><br />
<br />
They a tendency toward gold lust and committed their share of rash and greedy acts. Among these was the dispute over the [[Nauglamír]], which led to the slaying of Elu [[Thingol]] and stirred up the initial suspicion between Elves and Dwarves to open hatred.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
Dwarves generally lived far from the sea and avoided getting on boats, as they disliked the sound of the ocean and were afraid of it.<ref name="S10" /><br />
<br />
===Wicked Dwarves===<br />
Of the people of Middle-earth, Dwarves are the most resistant to corruption and influence of Morgoth and later Sauron. The seven rings of Power of the dwarves did not turn them to evil, but it did amplify their greed and lust for gold. It is said that very few wilfully served the side of darkness.<ref name="Other">{{App|Other}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the First Age, it is said that some [[Men]] had met Dwarves of the [[East]] who had fallen under the [[Shadow]] and were of evil mind and were distrustful of their race.<ref name=pmxnotes/>{{rp|n. 28}} Of the Seven Houses, few fought on either side during the [[War of the Last Alliance]] at the end of the Second Age, and it's known that none from the House of Durin ever fought on the side of evil.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the early parts of the Third Age (or at least in legends of the previous), it is known that in some places wicked dwarves had made alliances with [[orcs]].<ref>{{H|Hill}}</ref> Those most likely came from the Dwarves of the far eastern mansions.<ref name=pmxnotes/>{{rp|n. 28}}<br />
<br />
However, it is said that there was an enmity between some Dwarves and some Men of old (who were jealous of the Dwarves's wealth and works), and the latter alleged evil things about the Dwarves.<ref name="Other" /><br />
<br />
===Skills and industries===<br />
As creations of Aulë, they were attracted to the substances of Arda and crafts. They mined and worked precious metals throughout the mountains of Middle-earth. They were considered unrivalled in arts such as smithing, crafting, metalworking, and masonry, even by the [[Noldor]].<ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Dwarves were the greatest miners ever to exist in [[Middle-earth]], building immense halls under mountains where they built their cities. They built many famed halls including [[Menegroth]], the fairest dwelling of any king that has been east of the [[Sea]],<ref name=S2/> [[Nargothrond]],<ref name=return>{{S|Return}}</ref> [[Khazad-dum]], the grandest mansions of the Dwarves,<ref name="S10" /> the [[Elvenking's Halls]],<ref group="note">In the ''[[Lord of the Rings]]'', it is stated by [[Gimli]] that the Dwarves aided in the making of [[Thranduil]]'s halls. However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', it is stated that Thranduil's halls "were not to be compared with [[Menegroth]]. He had not the arts nor wealth nor the aid of the Dwarves."</ref><ref>{{TT|Road}}</ref> and the [[Kingdom Under the Mountain]].<br />
<br />
In the darkness of [[Arda]] already the Dwarves wrought great works for even from the first days of their Fathers they had marvellous skill with metals and with stone; but in that ancient time iron and copper they loved to work, rather than silver and gold.<ref name="S10" /><br />
<br />
In the tempering of steel alone of all crafts the Dwarves were never outmatched even by the [[Noldor]], and in the making of mail of linked rings, which was first contrived by the [[Dwarves of Belegost|smiths of Belegost]], their work had no rival. During the third age of the captivity of [[Melkor]], the Dwarves smithied for [[Thingol]]; for they were greatly skilled in such work, though none among them surpassed the [[Dwarves of Nogrod|craftsmen of Nogrod]], of whom [[Telchar]] the smith was greatest in renown.<ref name="S10" /><br />
<br />
They were also capable masons and smiths - Dwarven smithing skills were said to be unrivalled, and their masonry creations were bested by none. The crafting skills of the Dwarves were unmatched; they crafted objects of great beauty out of gems and metals. They crafted many famed weapons, armours, and items of art and beauty, among them [[Narsil]], the sword of [[Elendil]], the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]] and the necklace [[Nauglamír]], the most prized treasure in [[Nargothrond]] and the most famed Dwarven work of the [[Elder Days]].<ref name=doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[Third Age]], Dwarves wrought with patient craft works of metal and stone that now none can rival.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>. However, as stated by [[Gloin son of Groin|Gloin]] at the [[Council of Elrond]], the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] have surpassed their predecessors in mining and building before [[Smaug]] descended on the [[Lonely Mountain]], but not in metal-work, smithing or the making of mail, as their predecessors' secrets have been long lost.<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Hardiness===<br />
The Dwarves were created by Aulë to be strong, resistant to fire and the evils of Morgoth. They were hardier than any other race, secretive, stubborn, and steadfast in enmity or loyalty.<br />
<br />
The Dwarves are described as "the most redoubtable warriors of all the Speaking Peoples"<ref name="PMX" /> - a warlike race who would fight fiercely against whoever aggrieved them including Dwarves of "other mansions and lordships".<ref name="S10" /> Highly skilled in the making of weapons and armour, their main weapon is the battle axe, but they also use bows, swords, shields, and mattocks.<ref>{{H|15}}</ref><br />
<br />
They are resistant to fire, more than Elves or Men.<ref>{{S|Tenth}}</ref> Sickness was almost unknown to the Dwarves, as they were immune to human diseases.<ref name=PMAiv/><br />
<br />
They were generally less corruptible than Men. When Sauron attempted to enslave the Free Folk of Middle-earth using the [[Rings of Power]], the Elves completely resisted his power (indeed, his hand had never sullied the [[Three Rings]]), while the [[Nine Rings]] utterly corrupted the Men who bore them into the [[Ringwraiths]]. In contrast, the Dwarves were sturdy and resistant enough that Sauron was not able to dominate them using the [[Seven Rings]]. At most, the Seven Rings sowed strife among the Dwarves and filled their wearers with an insatiable greed for gold, but they did not turn them into wraiths subservient to the Dark Lord, and he considered his plan to have failed. Sauron was furious at the Dwarves' resistance, spurring his drive to recapture the Seven Rings from them.<br />
<br />
Another example was [[Gimli]], who, while [[Saruman]] used the power in his voice and the [[Rohirrim]] were spell-bound by his magic, Gimli was unmoved and commented that Saruman's words cannot be trusted, causing Saruman to be angered enough to lose his charm.<ref>{{TT|Voice}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Lifespan===<br />
The lifespan of Dwarves was varied depending on their "breed".<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref> The [[Longbeards]] were particularly long-lived,<ref name=PMAiv/> but by the Third Age, their lifespan was diminished and they lived, on average, 250 years.<ref name=PMAiv/> The [[Kings of Durin's Folk]] named "Durin" were particularly long-lived.<ref name=PMAiv/> Occasionally they would live up to 300 years of age, and [[Dwalin]] reached the rare lifespan of 340 years (comparable to a Middle Man living to 100).<ref name=PMAiv/> <br />
<br />
Until they were around 30 years of age, Dwarves were considered too young for heavy labour or war (hence the slaying of Azog by [[Dain Ironfoot]] at age 32 was a great feat). By the age of 40, Dwarves were hardened into the appearance that they would keep for most of their lives. Between the approximate ages of 40 and 240, most Dwarves were equally hale and able to work and fight with vigour. They took on the appearance of age only about ten years before their death, wrinkling and greying rapidly, but never going bald. <br />
<br />
Although Dwarves did not suffer from diseases, corpulence could affect them. In prosperous circumstances, many grew fat by the age of 200 and became physically inept.<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
[[Earth-bread]] was a root well known to Dwarves, but almost unknown to Elves or Men. [[Coffee]] was at least known to Hobbits and Dwarves.<br />
<br />
The Dwarves didn't have relationships with animals, didn't harbour even [[dogs]] and wouldn't mount a [[horse]] willingly. For this reason they found the [[Northmen]] useful [[Alliance of Dwarves and Men|allies]] in the Second Age.<ref>{{PM|Relations}}</ref><ref name=pmxnotes/>{{rp|n. 29}}<br />
<br />
===Family===<br />
The Dwarves' numbers, although they sometimes flourished, often faced periods of decline, especially in periods of war. The slow increase of their population was due to the rarity of [[Dwarf-women]], who made up only about a third of the total population. Dwarves seldom wedded before the age of ninety or more, and rarely had so many as four children. They took only one husband or wife in their lifetime, and were jealous, as in all matters of their rights. The number of Dwarf-men that married was actually less than half, for not all the Dwarf-women took husbands; some desired none, some wanted one they could not have and would have no other. Many Dwarf-men did not desire marriage because they were absorbed in their work.<ref name=AppA3>{{App|A3}}</ref><ref name=PMAiv/><br />
<br />
Dwarf-women seldom walked abroad, and that only in great need. When they did travel, they were so alike Dwarf-men in voice, appearance, and garb that it was hard for other races to tell them apart. They were likewise seldom named in genealogies, joining their husbands' families. The only Dwarf-woman named in Tolkien's legendarium is [[Dís]], sister of Thorin Oakenshield, who was given a place in the records because of the gallant deaths of her sons, Fíli and Kíli. The scarcity of women, their rare mention, and their identical looks with the males, coupled with the Dwarves' secretive culture, led many to mistakenly believe that Dwarves were born out of stone, and upon death, they returned to that stone.<ref name=AppA3/><ref name=PMAiv/><br />
<br />
Dwarves are fiercely devoted to their parents and children. In their desire for their children to grow up hardy and enduring, they may treat them harshly, but they will protect them at all costs. Dwarves resent injuries to their children and to their parents more than injuries to themselves.<ref name=PMAiv/><br />
<br />
===Religion===<br />
The Dwarves loved and revered the Vala Aulë.<ref name="S10" /><ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref><br />
<br />
Of old, the Elves believed that the Dwarves would have no future in [[Arda Unmarred]], but the Dwarves themselves held to a promise that Ilúvatar would hallow them and adopt them as his Children. They maintained that after death Aulë (Mahal) cared for them, gathering them to the [[Halls of Mandos]] with the other Children of Ilúvatar, though in halls set apart. It is said that after the Last Battle they will work alongside Aulë in the remaking of Arda.<ref name=S2/><br />
<br />
===Reincarnation===<br />
The Dwarves believed that the reappearance of the person of one of the Dwarf-fathers (in the lines of their kings), is not one of re-birth, but of the preservation of the body of a former king, to which at intervals their spirit would return.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Michaël Devaux]] (ed.), ''[[La Feuille de la Compagnie 3|La Feuille de la Compagnie, vol.3, J.R.R. Tolkien, l'effigie des Elfes]]'', "Fragments on elvish reincarnation", "III. Some notes on 'rebirth', reincarnation by restoration, among Elves. With a note on the Dwarves"</ref><br />
<br />
===Language===<br />
{{main|Khuzdul}}<br />
The Dwarven language was created by Aulë, and was called [[Khuzdul]]. It was a strange language to Elves and Men, and few non-Dwarves learned it, because it was difficult, and the Dwarves kept it secret, preferring to communicate in the languages of their neighbours. Only one Khuzdul phrase was well known to outsiders: the ancient battle cry, going back to at least the First Age: "''Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!''", which means "Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!". The Dwarves taught Khuzdul carefully to their children, as a learned language, not a cradle-tongue, and thus the language changed very little over the ages, unlike those of other races. The Dwarves also devised a secret language of gestures to communicate between themselves in silence, the ''[[iglishmêk]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 395</ref><br />
<br />
Certainly in the First Age when they first made contact with the Elves, the only tongue in Beleriand would have been Sindarin at that time as the Noldor had not yet returned from Aman. As a logical consequence, therefore, Sindarin was a language used by the dwarves.<ref name="S10" /> But the Dwarves were swift to learn and indeed were more willing to learn the [[Elven-tongue]] than to teach their own to those of alien race.<ref name="S10" /> In fact, the Dwarves were so impressed by the Elvish runes (The Cirth of Daeron) for writing Sindarin that they adopted them for use in their own tongue and used them forever more.<br />
<br />
==Other names==<br />
The Dwarves called themselves the ''[[Khazâd]]'', the name Aulë gave them; this is adapted as '''''[[Hadhod]]'''rim'' in [[Sindarin]], and '''''[[Casar]]'''i'' in [[Quenya]]. Casari was the common word for Dwarves among the [[Noldor]], but the [[Sindar]] usually called them ''Naugrim'' or ''Nogothrim'', the Stunted People.<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><br />
<br />
An epithet for the Dwarves in [[Quenya]] was ''Auleonnar'', meaning "offspring of Aule".<ref>{{HM|PM}}, p. 391</ref><br />
<br />
In their dealings with people of other races, the Dwarves did not reveal their true names, rather adopting new names in other languages (the [[petty-dwarves]] were an exception). During the Third Age, the Longbeards used [[northern Mannish]] names in public.<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
Almost all the names of the Dwarves of Middle-earth are taken from the Old Norse [[Völuspá]].<br />
<br />
According to Tolkien, the "real 'historical'" plural of ''dwarf'' is ''dwarrows'' or ''dwerrows''. He once referred to ''dwarves'' as "a piece of private bad grammar" (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|Letters]]'', 17), but in Appendix F to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' he explains that if we still spoke of ''dwarves'' regularly, English might have retained a special plural for the word ''dwarf'' as with ''man''. The form ''dwarrow'' only appears in the word ''Dwarrowdelf'', a name for [[Moria]]. Tolkien used ''Dwarves'', instead, which corresponds with ''Elf'' and ''Elves'', making its meaning more apparent. The use of a different term also serves to set Tolkien's Dwarves apart from the similarly-named creatures in mythology and fairy-tales.<br />
<br />
The enduring popularity of Tolkien's books, especially ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]],'' has led to the popular use of the term ''dwarves'' to describe this race in fantasy literature. Before Tolkien, the term ''dwarfs'' (with a different spelling) was used, as seen in ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs''. In fact, the latter spelling was so common that the original editor of ''The Lord of the Rings'' "corrected" Tolkien's ''dwarves'' to ''dwarfs'' (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', 138).<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's Middle-earth mythology (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') the dwarves were evil beings created by [[Morgoth|Melkor]].<br />
<br />
In an earlier version of the legendarium it is hinted that the Dwarves do not know about Ilúvatar, or that they disbelieve his existence, but later writings contradict that suggestion.<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Dwarves|Images of Dwarves]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*"[http://lingwe.blogspot.se/2013/02/did-tolkien-coin-plural-dwarves.html Did Tolkien coin the plural “dwarves”?]" by [[Jason Fisher]]<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{Dwarvenclans}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves| ]]<br />
[[Category:Races]]<br />
[[de:Zwerge]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/nains]]<br />
[[fi:Kääpiöt]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Amroth&diff=328568Amroth2021-03-06T19:08:19Z<p>Tengwar: Cleared up some speculation about his origin</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}{{disambig-more|Amroth|[[Amroth (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{sindar infobox<br />
| name=Amroth<br />
| image=[[Image:Olga Kukhtenkova - Amroth.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Amroth" by [[:Category:Images by Olga Kukhtenkova|Olga Kukhtenkova]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[King of Lórien]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Lothlórien]], [[Edhellond]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Silvan Elvish]]<br />
| birth=Before c. {{SA|730}}<ref name=Note>{{UT|4}}, note 6</ref><br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule={{SA|3434}} - {{TA|1981}}<br />
| death={{TA|1981}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Bay of Belfalas]]<br />
| age=4685+<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=[[Amdír]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=[[Nimrodel]] (betrothed)<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Amroth''', the son of [[Amdír]], was a [[Sindar]]in [[Elves|Elf]] and the last [[King of Lórien]]. <br />
==History== <br />
Little is known of Amroth's origins save that [[Aldarion]] visited the "[[Edhellond|country of Amroth]]" in about {{SA|730}}, so he would have certainly predated that date.<ref name=Note>{{UT|4}}, note 6</ref><ref group="note">It seems likely that, like his father [[Amdír]], he was part of the wave of [[Sindar]] who spread out eastwards across [[Middle-earth]] in the early [[Second Age]], settling among and ruling the [[Silvan Elves]] who lived in regions such as [[Lórinand]] but this is not known for sure.<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
He lead a force of [[Galadhrim]] to the aid of [[Elrond]] during the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], only to be driven back by the forces of [[Mordor]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> After his father's death in {{SA|3434}} in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], he became [[King of Lórien]]. He lived for a long time in peace in the manner of the [[Silvan Elves]], because of his love for [[Nimrodel]]. <br />
<br />
Around {{TA|1409}}, Amroth allowed some Galadhrim to pass over the [[Misty Mountains]] to join forces with [[Rivendell]] under [[Elrond]] against [[Angmar]]. Along with assistance with the [[Elves of Lindon]], they were successful in subduing the [[Witch-king]] and [[Angmar]] for some time.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nimrodel however hated the [[Elves]] who came from the West, [[Sindar]] and [[Noldor]], and the wars they brought to [[Middle-earth]]. After many debates, Nimrodel said to Amroth that she would marry him if he took her to a land of peace. Such a land no longer existed in Middle-earth, but Amroth spoke about the Havens in the South such as [[Edhellond]], and the way to the [[Aman|Ancient West]].<br />
<br />
Together, they began a journey to the south. They went to [[Gondor]] in the days of [[Eärnil II]], but then they were separated. Amroth went to the Havens alone and there he found a few [[Elves]] who wanted to sail to the West. But they wouldn't wait for [[Nimrodel]]. <br />
<br />
Finally, because of the great love that Amroth bore towards her, they waited, living on their ship till the end of the autumn. One night, they faced a great storm that led their ship to unknown seas. The ship finally found its way to [[Tol Eressëa]] and was never to be seen in Middle-earth again. But Amroth, in the dawn, when he realized that the ship was far away, leapt into the sea and fought against the waves, and by the [[Bay of Belfalas]], he drowned.<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref><br />
<br />
The hill near which he drowned was named [[Dol Amroth]] to honor him; the last Elves of that land departed for the West.<ref>{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Amroth'' translates to "up-climber, high climber"<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, p. 245</ref> which makes sense as in some versions of the legendarium he was the inventor of the [[talan]] or [[flet]]. <br />
<br />
The name ''Amroth'' is originally from a [[Silvan Elvish]] dialect.<ref>{{App|F1}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In earlier versions, Amroth was briefly [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]]'s son, brother to [[Celebrían]]. In this version of the legendarium, he was born in the realm of [[Nenuial]] in the latter 4th century of the Second Age; he lived in [[Eregion]] and fled with his mother and sister after the revolt of the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] encouraged by [[Sauron]] ({{SA|1350}}-{{SA|1400|n}}). Later, [[Galadriel]] left the [[Lothlorien|Lórinand]] to Amroth when she went to dwell by the sea.<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| AMD | | | | | |AMD=[[Amdír]]</br><small>''d. {{SA|3434}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |!| | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| AMR |~| NIM | |AMR='''AMROTH'''</br><small>''d. {{TA|1981}}''</small>|NIM=[[Nimrodel]]<br/><small>''fl. {{TA|1981}}''}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Amroth in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=1<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Amroth.jpg|Amroth in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Amroth appears during an extended flashback set during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in the year [[Second Age 3440|S.A. 3440]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Sindar]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Middle-earth]]<br />
[[de:Amroth]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/amroth]]<br />
[[fi:Amroth]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Edhellond&diff=328543Edhellond2021-03-06T03:25:32Z<p>Tengwar: Cleaned up some details. Added OVOTL</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Amroth|[[Amroth (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Edhellond<br />
| image=[[File:John Howe - Edhellond.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Edhellond" by [[John Howe]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Amroth's Haven<ref>{{RK|V9}}</ref><br />
| location=Southern [[Gondor]], confluence of the [[Ringló]] and [[Morthond]] rivers<br />
| type=Harbour<br />
| description=A far southern haven of the [[Elves]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=Founded by [[Sindar]], later joined by many [[Silvan Elves]]<br />
| created=Late [[First Age]]<ref name="Amroth" /><br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=Loss of [[Amroth]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Edhellond''' was an ancient harbour in southern [[Gondor]]. It had been established south-west of where the [[Ringló]] entered the [[Morthond]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> near where the combined waters flowed into [[Cobas Haven]].<ref>{{WR|3|XIV}}, West, p. 434</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Edhellond was founded in the late [[First Age]] by [[Falathrim|seafaring Sindar]]<ref group="note">They escaped from [[Brithombar]] or [[Eglarest]] (the [[Havens of the Falas]] on the west coast of [[Beleriand]]) when they were destroyed in the years after the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], but that whereas [[Círdan]] and [[Gil-galad]] made a refuge on the [[Isle of Balar]], these three ships' companies sailed far further south down the coasts, to [[Belfalas]].</ref> from the [[Havens of the Falas|west havens]] of [[Beleriand]] who fled in three small ships when the power of [[Morgoth]] overwhelmed the [[Eldar]] and the [[Edain]]; but it was later increased by adventurers of the [[Silvan Elves]] seeking for the sea who came down [[Anduin]].<ref name="Amroth">{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The lands including and surrounding Edhellond came to be considered the "country of [[Amroth]]" at circa {{SA|730}}.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref> <br />
<br />
From Edhellond, Elves began sailing westward from the time of the [[Sack of Eregion|fall of Eregion]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref><ref name="Preface">{{ATB|Preface}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Around {{TA|1980}}, with the freeing of [[Durin's Bane|the Balrog]] in [[Moria]], many of the [[Galadhrim]] fled south to Edhellond and sailed over the [[Sea]] to [[Valinor]]. [[Amroth]], [[King of Lórien]], was lost at sea near Edhellond in {{TA|1981|n}} when he attempted to swim to shore to seek his beloved [[Nimrodel]]. The ship from which he jumped overboard was the last ship of [[Elves]] to leave from Edhellond, which was deserted from then on,<ref name="Amroth" /> although remembered in the traditions of [[Men of Gondor|Men in Gondor]].<ref name="Preface"/><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
Edhellond means "Elf Haven" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[edhel]]'' = "Elf"<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''edhel''</ref> and ''[[lond]]'' = "harbour, haven"<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''londë''</ref>).<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
Another account, in an unfinished note on the origin of the name "[[Belfalas]]", states that the haven was established in the early [[Second Age]] by [[Elves of Lindon|Elves from Lindon]]. They were a remnant of the [[Iathrim|people of Doriath]] who still harboured a grudge against the [[Noldor]].<ref name="Amroth"/> They learned the craft of shipbuilding at the [[Grey Havens]] and then settled at the mouth of the [[Morthond]]; the fisherfolk of the primitive harbour fled in fear to the [[White Mountains]] upon the arrival of the [[Sindar]].<ref name="Amroth"/><br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Harbours]]<br />
[[de:Edhellond]]<br />
[[fi:Edhellond]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:gondor:edhellond]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Dwarf_realms&diff=328534Talk:Dwarf realms2021-03-05T19:13:37Z<p>Tengwar: </p>
<hr />
<div>Add [[Amon Rûdh|Amon Rudh]] to this?--[[User:Quidon88|Quidon88]] 00:01, 14 August 2008 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== orocarni? ==<br />
<br />
where is it said that the orocarni was a dwarven realm? what are the references?<br />
<br />
== Dwarf cities ==<br />
<br />
Given that the term "Dwarf realms" is not used in the legendarium, this page should be moved and adapted to fit the term "Dwarf-cities" to describe the mountainous dwellings of the dwarves. Considering that "Dwarf-cities" is indeed a term used in the works, it would do this page more justice. Thoughts on this?--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 16:03, 12 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I don't agree with changing, but I wonder if we should keep this article at all. Should it no go within [[Dwarves]]? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:03, 30 December 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Yea now I'm more inclined to moving this information into the [[Dwarves]] page.--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 19:13, 5 March 2021 (UTC)</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Hillmen&diff=328388Talk:Hillmen2021-03-02T00:27:17Z<p>Tengwar: </p>
<hr />
<div>The name is always spelt "Hillmen" in the text of LoTR, the form "Hill-men" with hyphen appears only once in Appendix A. --Tik 06:36, 10 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
:Sorry, could you please rephrase that?--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 14:17, 10 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Good catch, Tik. It should then be moved to the approriate name, IMHO.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 18:57, 10 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:::Agreed. [[User:Gaetano|Gaetano]] 16:07, 12 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::::I'll do it. --Tik 18:43, 12 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:::I approve that Tik moved the Contents of the Hill-men article to Hillmen. I searched for Hill-men with a hyphen in an e-book of the 50th anniversary edition by HarperCollins and found no match at all. I found five matches for hillmen and one match for Hillmen (the one about Rhudaur in Appendix (I) (III) The North-kingdom and the Dúnedain entry for king Argeleb). --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 16:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Origins ==<br />
<br />
We actually have no information whatsoever on the origins of the Hillmen as a seperate race. The speculation about "pre-numenorean" origins should be deleted unless there is evidence. In fact, even the parts in the POME which states evil Men, subjects of Angmar, who built dark castles and worked with sorcery cannot be equated to the Hillmen either unless sources indicate their equivalence.--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 23:42, 18 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I have not checked the sources yet. In general, in my opinion speculations can be informative if they are disclosed as speculations (e.g. "possibly", "probably", "likely", "it is possible that", "maybe", etc.) and if it is disclosed based on which statements and sources the speculations are made. Often there is little information on a subject, so that one can only speculate. However there are many speculations about elements from Middle-Earth on the internet which are presented as if they were facts and it is informative to disclose them as speculations here or to explain why they are unlikely. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 09:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I tried to improve the section. The speculation that the HM are related to the other Men of Eriador is quite straightforward so I just mentioned the context without speculating too much. '''edit''': But I agree that they shouldn't be equated with the [[Men of Angmar]]. I think it was Lalaith who confused them? [[User:Sage|Sage]] 15:28, 19 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::I am in favour of saying that it is possible that the Hillmen of Rhudaur like the Dunlendings, the Men of Bree and the Dead Men of Dunharrow were descended from the peoples that had dwelt in the vales of the White Mountains in ages past, because it is said that some of those peoples had passed from there to the southern dales of the Misty Mountains into the empty lands as far North as the Barrow-downs and because Rhudaur is approximately as far north as the Barrow-downs and is to the north of Dunland next to the Misty Mountains and providing Appendix F Of Men as a reference. Another reason for this speculation is that they are not included in the list of Edain whose languages were related to Adûnaic. Furthermore in Appendix A (I) (iii) The North-kingdom and the Dúnedain in the entry for king Argeleb it says that there were few Dúnedain in Rhudaur and that power had been seized by an evil lord of the Hillmen there. Furthermore Tolkien uses the term "hillmen" of Dunland in the chapter Helm's Deep and "hillmen" from Lamedon in the chapter Minas Tirith and Lamedon is in the vales of the White Mountains not too far from Erech. Neither Hill-men, nor hillmen or any of its variants are used in The Peoples of Middle-earth. The passage that in Rhudaur evil folk that are workers of sorcery and subjects of Angmar slay the remnants of the Dúnedain and build dark forts in the "hills" is in The Peoples of Middle-Earth VII The Heirs of Elendil manuscript C The Northern Line of Arnor: The Isildurioni 18. Argeleb. The use of forts in the "hills" in this draft version of Appendix A (i.e. this manuscript C) makes it possible that these men are the "hillmen" in Appendix A in the entry for king Argeleb. I dislike the publications of Andreas Möhn (= Lalaith = Codex Regius). He often phrases speculations like facts and his references are extremely imprecise abbrevivations, which stand either for a whole book and at best a chapter in a book without any page numbers or references which Edition he is talking about. In addition he now tries to sell books as Codex Regius, which seem to contain articles that can be read for free in the internet archive for his website. In Terms of undisclosed speculations it is sometimes comparable to David Day's publications. Another guy who tries to make money with publications about Middle-earth. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 16:12, 19 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:::I like most of these ideas. I think including this information is valuable but commenting on the speculative origins of these peoples, regarding their relations to the out-of-place Rhudaur, should be explicitly mentioned as speculative. Also, it should be noted in the article about the hyphenated form and the unhyphenated forms and which designations are used for which people. However, the stuff about the sorcery, building dark castles, and whatnot cannot be equated to the Hillmen (though imo it seems highly likely that these were the same people although Tolkien never explicitly stated so) but it should once again be stated as a high possibility. Otherwise, I think this info is great.--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 00:27, 2 March 2021 (UTC)</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Umbar&diff=328321Talk:Umbar2021-02-26T17:10:51Z<p>Tengwar: This page needs so much cleaning up so I'm for all these changes</p>
<hr />
<div>==Geography==<br />
The description of Umbar does not have a reference. The description of Umbar should have The General Map of Middle-earth as a reference for the description and for its Location. http://tolkiengateway.net/w/images/6/67/Christopher_Tolkien_-_General_Map_of_Middle-earth.png The speculation about the geographic borders of Umbar should be removed. The speculation about the geographic borders of Umbar does not have a reference in Tolkien's writings. The Webpage by lalaith does no longer exist and when one reads lalaith's page using the internet Archive one sees that lalaith does not back up his speculations with references to Tolkien's writings.<br />
<br />
==Foundation and Númenórean Rule==<br />
New Haven should be replaced with Vinyalonde with Lond Daer in brackets. Tolkien only uses New Haven once as the translation of the Name into English. The haven was initially namen Vinyalonde and later Lond Daer and Tolkien used those names much more often in his works than New Haven. Many readers will not even know which haven is meant with New Haven, because Tolkien used it only once.<br />
<br />
The speculation that Berúthiel was "perhaps from Ubar" should be removed. In an interview in 1966 with New World magazine Tolkien says that Berúthiel "went back to live in the inland city, and went to the bad (or returned to it - she was a black Númenorean in origin, I guess)". The city of Umbar is at the sea at the east of the bay of Umbar and is thus not an "inland city". In this interview Tolkien also mentions the giantess Skadi from scandinavian mythology as his inspiration that married the god of the sea and did not like the seaside life and that she went back to live in Jotunheim (which is not at the sea). I refer to Ellie Keener's excellent article Who is a Númenorean https://terpconnect.umd.edu/~jkeener/tolkien/numenorean.html<br />
<br />
==Corsairs of Umbar==<br />
<br />
The speculation that king Telumehtar "destroyed the fortress and haven of the Corsairs" should be removed. This part of the sentence does not have a source in The Lord of the Rings. Also the part of the sentence "but left Umbar unsettled and ruined, aparently with a protective garrison" should be removed. This part of the sentence also does not have a source in The Lord of the Rings. The entry on king Telumehtar in appendix A I (iv) of The Lord of the Rings only mentions that Telumehtar "took Umbar by storm" and that "Umbar was again held for a while by the kings". The entry for the year 1810 in Appendix B of The Lord of the Rings only mentions that king Telumehtar "retakes Umbar and drives out the Corsairs". It is unrealistic from a military Point of view to leave a city ruined that one intends to hold after its capture. The part of the sentence seems to be a speculation that is based on the entry on king Telumehtar in The Peoples of Middle-earth Part One chapter VII The Heirs of Elendil The Southern Line: the Anarioni which mentions the "destruction of the haven and stronghold of the Corsairs of Umbar (1810)" and that Umbar "was later reoccupied and rebuilt in the troublous times that later befell Gondor". One should Keep in mind that this was an earlier version of the appendix that Tolkien changed later and that was not published like this in the final version of the appendix in The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien probably changed this because it was not realistic.<br />
<br />
The speculation that "Umbar still fell when enemies invaded Gondor from the east and south in T.A. 1944, preventing Gondor to use it to support its forces from the sea" should be removed. This speculation does not have a source in The Lord of the Rings. The Information in the chapter Cirion and Eorl in Unfinished Tales of Numenor, which was written by Tolkien after the second edition of The Lord of the Rings and which provides more information on the wainrider wars than the appendices to The Lord of the Rings and that does not conflict with the shorter Information in the appendices of The Lord of the Rings indicates that Umbar was lost at a later date. I have explained this in my comments in the entry "The second Gondorian Umbar" in the Forum of the Tolkien Gateway.<br />
[done]<br />
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==Haradrim rule==<br />
The title of the section should be changed. It is speculative that the Haradrim conquered Umbar and ruled Umbar (whatever is meant with rule). The entry on king Telumehtar in appendix A I (iv) of The Lord of the Rings only mentions that "But in the new evils that soon befell Gondor Umbar was again lost, and fell into the Hands of the Men of the Harad". Harad is simply the Sindarin word for South. We do not know who These Men of the South were. Tolkien does not say anything about their ethnic composition. We only know that king Telumehtar earlier drove out the Corsairs when he took Umbar. From the entry on King Telumehtar in appendix A of the Lord of The Rings we know that in that war the last descendants of Castamir perished. It seems that other Corsairs survived since there were driven out from Umbar and we know that there were gondorians who went with the sons of Castamir to Umbar or that went later to Umbar before the capture of Umbar by Telumehtar. Some Corsairs may even have been Black Númenoreans.<br />
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The speculative sentence "Umbar had been reclaimed by the Haradrim, rebuilt and occupied and for the rest of the Third Age" should be removed. The speculative sentence "It became a home for a new generation of 'Corsairs of Umbar', who must have been closely related to the Haradrim, if not even merely Southrons themselves" should be removed. These speculative sentences do not have a source in The Lord of the Rings. These sentences have no refrence on which source they are based. Maybe they are based on Chris Seeman's opinion in his article Rethinking Umbar in the february 2003 issue of The Guild Companion or on lalaith's The Third Realm in Exile. Again the information in the chapter The Heirs of Elendil of the Peoples of Middle-earth is just earlier versions of appendix A that were later changed and were not published in The Lord of the Rings. It should at least be explicitly said that those are just speculation and that Tolkien does not say anything about the ethnic composition of the Corsairs of Umbar in The Lord of the Rings.<br />
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I would appreciate if the user Sage could undo bis changes from 7 october 2020. They are largely speculative. There is no evidence that Gondor neglected Umbar, we do not know why and how it was conquered. There is no evidence that Umbar was rebuilt (POME contains drafts that were changed and Tolkien even enlarged the Text on the Kin-strife after the first published edition of LOTR in the second edition and was thus seemingly unser no pressure to save space, so his deletions were probably because he did not want that content anymore). The same applies to the racial mix of the corsairs, all of that is speculative and is not in the published version. I intend to thoroughly rewrite the whole article and supply references and to clearly disclose all speculative sentences through the use of words, such as "probably" or "possibly" and to disclose the reasons in which I base my speculations. Umbar is dort of my most important project and this article is important for me. I have already conducted key Word searches for all publications by J.R.R. Tolkien that are related to Middle-earth including the History of Middle-earth series and how Umbar appeared during the writing process of LOTR and how it changed in various maps. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 13:05, 7 October 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:I think you should go forward with this and clean this mess up! Anyone else in agreement?--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 17:10, 26 February 2021 (UTC)<br />
==Politics and rule==<br />
The speculative part of the sentence "Umbar allowed their race to swiftly dwindle and merge with the Pré-Númenoreans" should be removed. In the footnote to the entry on king Eärnil I in appendix A I (iv) Tolkien does not speficically talk about the Black Númenoreans who lived in Umbar, he talks about the Black Númenoreans in General as "their race" and Tolkien does not use "and", he uses "or". Tolkien said "their race swiftly dwindled or became merged with the Men of Middle-earth". Tolkien also uses the verb dwindle or wane in connection with the Dúnedain of Arnor and Gondor when he means that their lifespan diminished and that their skills and knowledge diminished. In the chapter The Istari in Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth Tolkien mentions that the settlements of the Men of Númenor "beyond Umbar had been absorbed, or being made by men already in Númenor corrupted by Sauron had become hostile and part of Sauron's dominions". Since Tolkien explicitly talks about the settlements "beyond" Umbar in the south this could mean that the Black Númenoreans in Umbar were not absorbed by whatever the other local nearby population was. In addition Tolkien says in The Lord of the Rings that the Mouth of Sauron and says in Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth that queen Berúthiel were Black Númenoreans and more authors agree that it is more likely that the Mouth of Sauron was born in the Third Age. I refer to Ellie Keener's excellent article that I mentioned earlier.<br />
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Also, there is no mention of Umbar being ruled as a duumvirate. It's also speculative to say that Herumor and Fuinur ruled as a duumvirate in Umbar, although they were associated with the Haradrim--[[User:Yeyeye|Yeyeye]] 15:19, 11 April 2020 (UTC)<br />
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==Language==<br />
The user Sage inserted speculative claims in his Revision from 3 November 2010 from 02:29, which are incorrect and which are based on an unreliable source.<br />
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The speculative claim that "Nothing is known about the language of Umbar, but no doubt must have been Adûnaic, probably Holding back the Elvish elements which created Westron of the Third Age, resulting perhpaps in a Haradric variety of the language" that uses the article "The Third Realm in Exile" by Andreas Möhn (= lalaith) as a reference, is incorrect. The speculative claim is based on the almost identical speculative claim in the section with the title "3441 SA - 1050 TA: The Ancient Realm" of the article without disclosing to which time period it refers. J.R. Tolkien explicitly said that Westron became the native lanuage "along all the coasts from Umbar northward" in the course of the Third Age and that at the time of the War of the Ring "These were still its bounds as a native tongue" in Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings.<br />
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In the article "The Third Realm in Exile" from Andreas Möhn that can be read using the internet Archive in the section "3441 SA - 1050 TA: The Ancient Realm" Andreas Möhn claims that the Black Númenóreans very likely did not Exchange Classical Adûnaic against an Elvish influenced Westron and that they retained it as a language of lore and that it may eventually have grown into a Southron equivalent of the Common Speach. Andreas Möhn Claims that it is noteworthy in this context that Arundel Lowdham cited not one but two Third Age descendants of Classical Adûnaic, giving names for sun and moon, respectively and provides the Notion Club Papers as the reference for this statement. Andreas Möhn further speculates that if one of them was Westron the other may very well have been the Adûnaic Idiom of Umbar. Those claims are incorrect. J.R.R. Tolkien did not say that there are two Third Age descendants of Classical Adunaic in The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part 4 Sauron Defeated, Part Two: The Notion Club Papers. In The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part 4 Sauron Defeated, Part Two: The Notion Club Papers (i) The earlier versions of Night 66 in manuscript E the ghost-languages in which the names for sun and moon are mentioned are Quenya and Sindarin, in the first typescript version F 1 the ghost-language Nūmenorean A is Avallonian (Sindarin) and the ghost-language Nūmenorean B is Adunaic. Arundel Lowdham never cited any names of the sun and the moon in any Third Age descendents of (Classical) Adunaic. This is clear from the context, from the words for sun and moon in Quenya, Sindarin and Adunaic and from the index in Sauron Defeated which also identifies the two ghost-languages.<br />
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The article "The Third Realm in Exile" that can be read for free together with other articles in the internet archive of Lalaith's middle-earth sciences page is now a part of the not free of charge book "Middle-earth seen by the Barbarians" by Codex Regius (Andreas Möhn and Metka Clemencic). --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 15:46, 19 January 2021 (UTC)<br />
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Article needs breaking into sections. Need more narrative and fewer quotes, if possible. --[[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] 13:55, 13 May 2008 (EDT)<br />
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==Fate=<br />
I can't find a source for tihs, but I remember Tolkien explicitly stating that "Umbar" was a native word, and not connected to Q. "fate". -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 07:55, 2 June 2009 (UTC)=<br />
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== Lalaith's website gone ==<br />
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With Lalaith's website being gone, [http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Fr_Umbar.html this] link works no more. --[[User:Adûnâi|Adûnâi]] 02:56, 23 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
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== The second gondorian period ==<br />
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I am currently creating a Middle Earth timeline of my own, and I try to be as precise as possible in regard to dates and geography; however, I'm currently stuck with Umbar's history in the late 2nd millenium. It's hard to find precise sources, and in the writings quoted I can't confirm half of what I find online, so if somebody could help me out with a few issues, that would be great.<br />
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In short:<br />
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# Was Umbar destroyed or merely captured in 1810?<br />
# Was only the city or the whole realm conquered?<br />
# When did Gondor loose it again?<br />
# Was it still in Gondorian possession in 1944?<br />
# How was it conquered in the first place?<br />
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In long:<br />
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Firstly, in the articles on the Corsair Wars and on Umbar, it is stated that Umbardacil destroyed both haven and fortress and that Umbar was completely depopulated thereafter, maybe except a small garrison. How do we know all that? The only source quoted is Appendix A of LotR, but none of this is said there, at least not in my LotR edition. I only read that Telumehtar took Umbar by storm in 1810, and that it was held for a while again by the kings thereafter.<br />
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So, is it truly confirmed that Umbar was completely destroyed by Gondor and deserted by the native population? I can't imagine why Gondor would banish those parts of the population that were neither corsairs nor heirs of Castamir. Giving up a flourishing metropolis, its taxes, its fleet, its walls and its potential recruits, would not just be a massacre, but it would also be stupid, especially for a realm in decline like Gondor, so I will only believe that when I see the original source. Does someone know it?<br />
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Secondly, did Umbardacil conquer<br />
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a) just the city Umbar, or<br />
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b) the whole realm of Umbar?<br />
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I guess it has to be rather a, or otherwise Appendix A would not say that the conflict was not ended until the time of Elessar, but can we confirm that anywhere? This too is something I will only believe when I read it in the original source, for I would say a is rather unlikely compared to b, namely for two reasons:<br />
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First, I never read anywhere that the war was still going on in 1811, and second, I can't imagine how the Gondorians could have failed to conquer the remaining region. After all, it was a time when they had the capital captured and no troubled borders anywhere else, so they could focus all their attention on the region for over 40 years.<br />
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However, the Elessar side note seems to require a, yet, as I explained, it is less convincing to me. So, does anyone have a source that confirms/denies that the war was still going on during the reign of Umbardacil?<br />
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Thirdly, do we know when exactly (or at least when approximately) Gondor lost Umbar? Apendix A says it was held again by "the kings," ergo at least least two, ergo lost after 1850. The article on Umbardacil shares that belief and says it was held throughout his remaining reign; however, Appendix A gives us a second hint, which is harder to interpret:<br />
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Umbar was lost sometime "in the new evils that soon befell Gondor." That's obviously the Wainriders, but does it mean their first invasion in the 1850s, their second invasion in the 1940s, or the tense time in between? Can we narrow the date of Umbar's fall down any further?<br />
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Fourthly, I do not completely understand this sentence:<br />
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"Umbar still fell when enemies invaded Gondor from the east and south in T.A. 1944, preventing Gondor to use it to support its forces from the sea."<br />
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What does "Umbar still fell" mean? A city is fallen when it is being captured and not a day before then. This is no long process, but it "still fell" indicates one.<br />
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So, does the sentence instead describe the decline of the Gondorian province Umbar, which was thus recaptured by the Haradrim gradually over decades? If that were true, parts of Umbar and likely the city itself were still in Gondorian possession at the time of Earnil, and that would clearly contradict the statement on the Umbardacil page, saying it was lost "shortly after Umbardacil's death."<br />
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Besides, can we confirm the sentence anywhere? Again, I don't find this information in the sources quoted. In the 14th footnote of "Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan," I merely read that the Haradrim did not get reinforcements from Umbar. The reason is not stated. It doesn't speak about a Gondorian Umbar or potential Gondorian reinforcements. So, again, does anyone know a source that confirms/denies that Umbar was in Gondorian possession in 1944?<br />
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Finally, just by curiosity, do we know whether the Gondorian army attacked by sea or by land in 1810? {{unsigned|Faenor}}<br />
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:It seems like an interesting research and your points are valid. I can't help, but if you find claims that aren't backed by their citations, remember to add the <nowiki>{{fact}}</nowiki> template. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 07:13, 12 December 2019 (UTC)<br />
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::I do not recommend to rely on information from the Tolkien Gateway without having verified whether it is supported by works written by J.R.R. Tolkien. Often sentences in the Tolkien Gateway do not contain a footnote that identifies a source for the information in those sentences. I recommend to only rely on the works written by J. R. R. Tolkien. For your questions I recommend to read the appendices to The Lord of the Rings and to read Cirion and Eorl and the Frienship of Gondor and Rohan in Uninished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth.<br />
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::1. This seems to have been derived from the entry 28. for King Telumehtar in The Heirs of Elendil - The Southern Line of Gondor: the Anarioni in Chapter VII The Heirs of Elendil of The Peoples of Middle-earth, which mentions parts of the content of various older versions of the appendices of The Lord of the Rings. It contains "He took the title Umbardakil after the storming and destruction of the haven and stronghold of the Corsairs of Umbar (1810). But this was later reoccupied and rebuilt in the troublous times that later befell Gondor.". I agree with you that destroying the city would be a waste of resources. This is probably the reason why Tolkien changed his mind and does not longer mention the destruction and rebuilding of the city of Umbar in appendix A to the The Lord of the Rings, but only mentions that he "took Umbar by storm" and even mentions that "Umbar was again held for a while by the kings", which indicates that it was not destroyed, because if you intend to hold a city you keep its walls and buildings and you repair any damage that you caused during the storming of the city.<br />
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::2. After the storming of Umbar in 1810, Gondor had 30 years until it perceived danger by the wainriders in 1940 when it took counsel with the North Kingdom and it took another 4 years until 1944 until the battle at Dagorlad in the north and the battle against the Haradrim at the Poros in Ithilien. In my opinion it would make sense to also conquer the realm of Umbar to secure the city and to secure the city's supply of food. In my opinion b) is more likely.<br />
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::3., 4. and 5 I have read those sources and I have also read the chapters about the history of the appendices in The Peoples of Middle-earth. Keep in mind that Tolkien changed the content of his drafts of the appendices so that he probably abandoned some ideas and decided not to publish them in this form and that he expanded the appendices as far as the Kin-strife is concerned in the second edition of The Lord of the Rings. I can tell you that there are no direct answers to your questions in the sources written by J. R. R. Tolkien. Based on the information in the sources, you will have to make your own assumptions about the most likely timeframe when Umbar was lost again and about the circumstances of its capture by enemies.<br />
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::The passage about King Telumehtar in the appendix A I (iv) of The Lord of the Rings says "But Telumehtar his son, remembering the death of Minardil, and being troubled by the insolence of the Corsairs, who raided his coasts even as far as the Anfalas, gathered his forces and in 1810 took Umbar by storm. In that war the last descendants of Castamir perished, and Umbar was again held for a while by the kings. But in the new evils that soon befell Gondor Umbar was again lost, and fell into the hands of the Men of the Harad.". The passage about King Valacar before says "Umbar remained at war with Gondor for many lives of men, a threat to its coastlands and to all traffic on the sea. It was never again completely subdued until the days of Elessar; and the region of South Gondor became a debatable land between the Corsairs and the Kings.".<br />
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::From the use of the plural in "by the kings", we can derive that Umbar must have been held at least by King Telumehtar and his successor Narmacil II, so at least until after the death of King Telumehtar in 1850. From the use of "by the kings" and the absence of the addition of "and by the stewards", we can derive that Umbar could have been held at at maximum until 2050, the year of the disappearance of the last king of Gondor, Eärnur, in Minas Morgul. From the use of "for a while" and "soon" in annals of the Third Age which lasted for over 3000 years and form the lifespan of the kings of Gondor, which were longer than the lifespan of normal men unless they died prematurely in battle, we can derive that Umbar could only have been held by Gondor for a couple of hundred years. From the fact that Umbar was lost "in the new evils that soon befell Gondor", we can derive it must have been at a time of an "evil" that befell Gondor itself and not just an evil that befell Arthedain where Gondor just sent troops to aid Arthedain. Tolkien uses the word "evil" in several instances in the appendices to The Lord of the Rings. The passage about Valacar in the appendix A I (iv) of The Lord of the Rings mentions "the days of Valacar that the first great evil came upon Gondor". The passage about King Telemnar in the appendix A I (iv) of The Lord of the Rings mentions that "The second and greatest evil came upon Gondor in the reign of Telemnar". The passage about King Narmacil II The in the appendix A I (iv) of The Lord of the Rings mentions "The third evil was the invasion of the Wainriders, which sapped the waning strength of Gondor in wars that lasted for almost a hundred years". This passage is the first mentioning on an "evil" that befell Gondor after the reign of King Telumehtar Umbardacil. Since this "evil" involved wars that lasted for almost a hundred years, it can also be perceived als "evils" (i.e. plural). Although Tolkien later does not explicitly call the three year long siege of Minas Ithil from 2000 until 2003 and the capture of Minas Ithil and its palantír by the Ringwraiths an "evil", it is certainly something evil that befell Gondor itself since Minas Ithil was one of the most important cities or fortresses of Gondor and located in Gondor itself. It is notable that Gondor did not have sufficient military power to break the siege with troops from the rest of Gondor for three long years even with other troops inside Minas Ithil defending the city. I do not agree with Chris Seeman's date of 1940 in his article Rethinking Umbar in the february 2003 issue of The Guild Companion and I do not agree with the date 1940 for the loss of Umbar in section 3.11.2 on page 26 of Iron Crown Enterprises (ICE)'s Middle-Earth Role Playing (MERP) Southern Gondor - The People that was published in 1996. Chris Seeman seems to base his date of 1940 primarily on information in The Lord of the Rings Appendix A I (iv) that the kingdom of Arthedain and the kingdom of Gondor perceived that some single power and will was directing the assault from "many" quarters upon to survivors of Númenor and that "that time" was in 1940. Chris Seeman seems to think that "many" quarters means more than two "quarters". This seems to be contradicted by the entry for the year 1940 of the Third Age in chapter VIII The Tale of Years of the Third Age in The Peoples of Middle-earth. The entry for the year 1940 says "Messengers pass between the two kingoms, since both are in peril: the South from the Wainriders of the East, and the North from renewed attacks from Angmar.". It is quite possible that the assault from "many" quarters means just those two quarters and not an assault on Umbar that was not mentioned by Tolkien. Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan in Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth contains more detailed Information on the wars with the wainriders than the appendices to The Lord of The Rings. It mentions that Calimehtar, the son of King Narmacil II, determined to avenge the defeat of the Battle of the Plains "being free from other dangers". The footnote to this "being free from other dangers" says that "His grandfather Telumehtar had captured Umbar and broken the power of the Corsairs, and the peoples of Harad were at this period engaged in wars and feuds of their own". In my opinion, this "being free from other dangers" is an indication that Umbar was still held by Gondor at this point in time during the rule of King Calimehtar so that there was no danger from Umbar. Tolkien mentions in Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan in Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth that "Calimehtar withdrew to Gondor, which enjoyed for a time (from 1899 to 1944) a respite from war." If there was a respite from war in Gondor from 1899 to 1944, it is unlikely that Umbar was lost in 1940, because that would mean an attack and therefore war on one of the largest and most important cities held by Gondor. Tolkien mentions that King Ondoher's southern army was smaller, because "the danger from that quarter" (i.e. from the south) "was held to be less". Tolkien's footnote to that statement says "Justly. For an attack proceeding from Near Harad - unless it had assistance from Umbar, which was not at that time available - could more easily resisted and contained." This is an indication that Umbar was still held by Gondor or by someone who was not willing or able to aid the army from Harad that attacked Ithilien in 1944. In my opinion there are strong indications that Umbar was not lost in 1940 and not in 1944 when King Ondoher divided his army and died in the northern battle. The first time that an attack by the Corsairs (of Umbar) is mentioned again in the appendices is during the ruling stewardship of the Ruling Steward Cirion, where Tolkien mentions that "The Corsairs harried his coasts". Cirion's father Boromir died in 2489. So the first mentioning of an attack by the Corsairs (of Umbar) after the capture of Umbar by Telumehtar Umbardacil in 1810 is in the year 2489 or later.<br />
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::A first possibility is that the Haradrim or Corsairs that had flown from the City of Umbar during its conquest by Telumehtar Umbardacil in 1810 or that lived outside of the city of Umbar in the realm of Umbar, in South Gondor (Harondor) or in the region south of the river Harnen as the people living the closest to Umbar, conquered Umbar after 1944, if the Haradrim had again enough troops after their defeat at the Poros or because those gondorian Corsairs made a mutual non-attack deal with the invading Haradrim and were able to do so because Gondor had lost a lot of troops in the war with the wainriders and in the battle with the Haradrim before. The fact that after the battle against the Haradrim at the river Poros in 1944 king Eärnil waited until he felt himself "sufficiently secure" does not seem to indicate that he would send an "army of power", "small sending force of the whole might of Gondor" for "a war of Great kings", especially with "so many were his ships that they could scarcely find harbourage, though both the Harlond and also the Forlond also were filled" if he perceived that Umbar was threatened to be conquered by enemies or if he perceived that Umbar might raid Gondor with ships if Umbar was already conquered by enemies at this time.<br />
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::A second possibility is that the Haradrim conquered Umbar in or after 1975 when Eärnur took troops from Gondor in ships to fight the Witch king in the North (i.e. in Arthedain and Angmar), because he probably also took troops from Umbar and therefore weakened its ability to defend itself. However the Gondorians won that war and left their ships in the harbour of Lindon so the Gondorians must have had at least some troops left and had a large undamaged fleet.<br />
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::A third possibility is between 2000 and 2002 or afterwards, because the Nazgul besieged Minas Ithil from 2000 until 2002 and Gondor was never able to retake Minas Ithil until the reign of King Elessar (Aragorn II). If Gondor was not able to defeat the besieging mordorian troops during a two year long siege it was either too busy there to defend or retake Umbar or no longer militarily able to defend or to retake Umbar. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhorahil]] 10:50, 3 April 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:::Thanks very much for the detailed answers! [[User:Faenor|Faenor]] 16:34, 25 April 2020 (UTC)</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3rean_Sindarin&diff=328320Númenórean Sindarin2021-02-26T17:07:24Z<p>Tengwar: Small tweaks</p>
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<div>{{quote|Many used some other tongue than the [[Westron|Common Speech]], but it was not long before [[Peregrin Took|he]] learned at least what was meant by "Ernil i Pheriannath"...|Pippin in [[Minas Tirith]]<ref name="MT">{{RK|MT}}</ref>}}<br />
'''Númenórean Sindarin'''<ref name=UT>{{UT|Galadriel}}, note 16</ref> was a dialect of [[Sindarin]] spoken by the [[Númenóreans]] and later the [[Dúnedain]] in [[Middle-earth]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Before the Downfall===<br />
When the [[Edain]] settled in [[Númenor]], the common speech of the new realm derived in the most part from the language of the [[People of Hador]], giving rise to the [[Adûnaic]] tongue.<ref name=Wife>{{UT|Wife}}, note 19</ref> In the northwestern parts of the island, however, the newly settled [[Edain]] were mainly descended from the [[Bëorians]].<ref name=Wife/> These people had early abandoned their own language for [[Sindarin]] and they preserved this tradition in [[Númenor]].<ref name=Wife/> Thus a dialect of [[Sindarin]], Númenórean Sindarin, evolved, especially in [[Andustar]].<ref name=Wife/> There was relatively little change in this version of [[Sindarin]] due to continued contact between the [[Númenóreans]] and the [[Eldar of Eressëa]].<ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref><br />
<br />
Although relations between the [[King of Númenórë|Númenórean rulers]] and the [[Elves]] declined in the later history of [[Númenor]],<ref name=languages/> Sindarin was kept alive, and survived in secret.<br />
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The [[Faithful]], who held dominions on the coast of the [[Westlands]], used this tongue for all the names of places that they gave in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=Atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref> All men of [[Númenórean]] descent and those taught to read and write used Sindarin, even as a daily tongue among themselves. In some families, Sindarin even became the native tongue. Sindarin was not taught those of lesser race, as it was held a mark of Númenórean descent.<ref name=Atani/><br />
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===After the Downfall===<br />
After the Downfall, Sindarin was the regular spoken tongue of the [[Exiles of Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|7}}, note 16</ref> When they arrived, few among the colonists on the coasts remembered Sindarin since the neglected [[Adûnaic]] was used as a ''lingua franca'' among the Men of Middle-earth, which developed into the [[Westron]] tongue.<ref name=Atani/><ref name=languages/><br />
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The [[Dúnedain]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]; the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of Númenórean blood in any degree, used this tongue.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref> Many of the [[Men of Gondor]] could also speak it, a notable distinction and characteristic among the [[Dúnedain of the South]].<ref name=languages/> Sindarin had long ceased to be a "first language" in [[Gondor]], but was learned in youth (by those claiming [[Númenórean]] descent) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> For example, the [[Stewards of Gondor]] belonged to a [[House of Húrin|family]] of the ancient Faithful who used (beside the [[Common Speech]]) the Sindarin tongue after the fashion of Gondor.<ref name="Elendil"/> <br />
<br />
Being a learned language in Gondor, Sindarin had changed very little since the Downfall<ref name="Elendil"/> and schools taught an ancient form (regarded in high esteem).<ref name=atani/><br />
<br />
[[Westron]] became used more and more by the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], Númenórean Sindarin was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> Númenórean Sindarin was used to be polite, especially in [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Peculiarities==<br />
Although taught an archaic language, the [[Men of Gondor]] used a corrupted version in daily speech (some sounds were altered) distinguising it from the Sindarin proper as spoken by the [[Elves]].<ref name=atani>{{PM|Atani}}, Note #74</ref> Despite some differences, the dialects of the Gondorians and the [[Elves]] were mutually intelligible.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
===Phonetical===<br />
Like any acquired language, the second language's sound range is directly influenced by the speaker's original sound range. Westron did not possess ''ch''<ref name="CE49">{{UT|Cirion}}, note 49</ref> or ''y'',<ref name="AppE"/> and pronounced them differently.<br />
<br />
The ''y'' was pronounced by Sindarin Elves as [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] [y], a [[wikipedia:Close front rounded vowel|close front rounded vowel]]. Of all languages, only Sindarin had this sound, so it was problematic for speakers of other tongues. Gondorians generally pronounced it as an ''i'',<ref name="AppE">{{App|Vowels}}</ref> though it was sometimes substituted with an ''e'', as in the Gondorian plural for ''[[onod]]'', ''ened'' (rather than the usual ''enyd'').<ref name="L144">{{L|144}}</ref><br />
<br />
Also frequent in Sindarin was the ''ch'', the [[wikipedia:velar fricative|velar fricative]], which the Gondorians also encountered among [[pre-Númenórean]] placenames such as [[Erech]]<ref name="L297">{{L|297}}</ref> and [[Eilenach]].<ref name="CE51">{{UT|Cirion}}, note 51</ref><br />
<br />
The most notable use of the voiceless velar fricative was in the name of Gondor's new northern neighbour, [[Rohan]]. Originally envisioned as ''Rochand'', in Gondor this became ''Rohan''. Though [[Rohirric|the tongue of the Éothéod]] did possess the voiced ''ch'', it adopted the southern use.<ref name="CE49"/> The voiced velar fricative, found in ''Rochand'', was pronounced as a sounded ''h'',<ref name="L144"/> while the voiceless variant, at the end of words, was pronounced as a ''k''. Those very learned would pronounce them correctly, but forcibly so.<ref name="CE49"/><br />
<br />
===Philological===<br />
Another notable difference from regular Sindarin was purely [[wikipedia:Philology|philological]]. Those Gondorians learned in lore wished to speak like [[Noldor]], and the Sindarin they spoke in the [[First Age]] was [[North Sindarin]]. At least one feature from North Sindarin was reintroduced: whereas "true Sindarin of the Elves" changed both the voiced and voiceless combination of a [[wikipedia:sonorant|sonorant consonant]] and a [[wikipedia:Fricative consonant|spirant]] to a long sonorant, the Gondor Sindarin retained the spirant. Thus in the case of the former, ''[[malt]]'' ("gold") and ''[[orn]]'' ("tree") became ''[[Mallorn]]'', in Gondor this remained ''Malthorn''.<ref name="VT4227">{{VT|42a}}, pages 5-31, esp. 27</ref><ref>[[Carl F. Hostetter]], ''[http://www.elvish.org/Tengwestie/articles/Hostetter/sindll.phtml The Two Phonetic Values of ''ll'' in Elvish Sindarin in ''The Lord of the Rings'']'', published on [http://www.elvish.org/Tengwestie/ Tengwestië], [[7 December|December 7]], [[2003]]</ref><br />
<br />
Another example is the word [[rath]], which originally meant 'climb', but came to be applied to long streets (and was much later used in [[Minas Tirith]] to name streets such as [[Rath Celerdain]] and [[Rath Dínen]]).<ref name=UT/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{languages}}<br />
{{numenor}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor|Sindarin]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Azanulbizar&diff=328309Battle of Azanulbizar2021-02-26T15:03:21Z<p>Tengwar: Needs so much more work with organization</p>
<hr />
<div>{{battle<br />
| image=[[File:Mikel Janin - Battle of Azanulbizar.jpeg|300px]]<br />
| name=Battle of Azanulbizar<br />
| conflict=[[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]<br />
| date={{TA|2799}}<br />
| place=The valley of [[Azanulbizar]] beneath the [[East-gate of Moria]]<br />
| result=Victory for the Dwarves<br />
| side1=[[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]]<br>[[Dwarves]] of other Houses<br />
| side2=[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]<br />
| commanders1=[[Thráin II]]<br>[[Thorin]]<br>[[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]] †<br>[[Dáin Ironfoot]]<br />
| commanders2=[[Azog]] †<br />
| forces1=Unknown; bolstered by an army of the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]<br />
| forces2=Unknown; "a multitude of Orcs"<ref name="AppDurin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
| casual1="Beyond the count of grief"; half dead or dying<ref name="AppDurin"/><br />
| casual2=10,000 Orcs<ref name="PMA">{{PM|A}}, p. 278</ref><br />
}}<br />
The '''Battle of Azanulbizar''' ({{TA|2799}}) was the final climatic battle in the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]. It was fought beneath the [[Great Gates|East-gate of Moria]] in the valley of Azanulbizar, called ''[[Nanduhirion]]'' in [[Sindarin]]. Therefore the event is also known as the '''Battle of Nanduhirion''' and sometimes the '''Battle of the Mines of Moria'''.<br />
<br />
==Prelude==<br />
The War of the Dwarves and Orcs began when [[Azog]] the [[Orcs|Orc]]-chieftain of [[Moria]] captured and mutilated [[Thrór]], King of [[Durin's Folk]]. Azog branded his own name in runes onto Thrór's severed head, then let Thrór's companion [[Nár]] escape so that all [[Dwarves]] would know that an Orc now ruled Moria. Full of righteous fury, Thrór's son [[Thráin|Thráin II]] summoned a great army of Dwarves, including those not of Durin's Folk ([[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]] from the [[Blue Mountains]], and others from the far East of Middle-earth). For six years they systematically sacked the Orc strongholds of the [[Misty Mountains]], until only Moria was left. There the Orcs that had survived the destruction had gathered to Azog.<br />
<br />
==The Battle==<br />
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - Náin at Azanulbizar.jpg|thumb|left|Jacek Kopalski - ''Náin at Azanulbizar'']]<br />
The battle began on a dark winter day, and no sun was said to have shined through the clouds. The Dwarves had marched into the Dimrill Dale where they found the East-Gate and sent up a great noise. They discovered that on the western slopes above thousands of Orcs had gathered, while more still came pouring out of the gate. The Dwarves there stood outnumbered and on the lower end of a sloping hill. <br />
<br />
The first Vanguard led by King Thráin, assaulted the slopes only to be driven back with casualties. In a woods near the Mirrormere, the dwarves noted that [[Frerin]], youngest son of Thráin was slain along with [[Fundin]], father of [[Balin]]; and many others. Thraín himself was wounded, as was his eldest son [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]], whose shield was broken during the battle, forcing him to resort to using an oak branch that he cut off a tree to defend himself. <br />
<br />
Elsewhere, the battle swayed back and forth until [[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]] from the [[Iron Hills]] arrived with a contingent of fresh troops. Náin and his Dwarves cut through the Orc lines with their mattocks shouting, "AZOG! AZOG! AZOG!" until they had reached the steps of the gate, at which Naín called Azog to come out and fight. When Azog emerged from the inner gate with his guards, Náin was exhausted and half blind with rage. He tried to swing as hard as he could, but Azog darted aside and Náin missed, splintering his mattocks on the ground. The orc kicked him in the leg when he dodged the Dwarf's blow, making him stumble, at which point Azog attempted to thrust and behead him, succeeding only in breaking Náin's neck because of the strong mail he was wearing. Náin died instantly. <br />
<br />
Even as Azog gloated over his duel, he looked out over the valley which the east gate overlooks, and came to the realization that his entire force was routed. Those that could were fleeing southwards, and all his guard was dead. With that he fled back to the gate. Náin's son, [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin]], leaped up the steps after him with his red axe, and there before the gate he decapitated the Orc chieftain, thus ending the battle. <br />
The slaying of Azog was considered an amazing feat, as Dáin was only 32 years of age (very young for a Dwarf). Dáin would later become [[King under the Mountain]] as [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]].<ref name="AppDurin"/><br />
<br />
Azog's head was then impaled on a pike, and bag of coins he had thrown at Nàr years before was stuffed in his mouth.<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
[[File:Steamey - Vengeance.jpg|thumb|Steamey - ''Vengeance'']]<br />
The Dwarves were victorious, but half of their forces were dead or mortally wounded. The Orcs suffered even worse casualties, with ten thousand dead. After the battle, Thráin wanted to enter and reclaim Moria, the ancestral home of Durin's folk. However, due to their losses, the other Houses not willing to participate, and since Dáin had seen [[Durin's Bane]] beyond the East-gate, Thráin refrained from entering.<ref name="AppDurin"/><br />
<br />
The Dwarves stripped their dead so the Orcs could not plunder them, and cut down all the trees in the valley, which was to remain bare ever after. They made many pyres on which to burn their dead. They could not bury them all in tombs of stone, as was their custom, because it would take too long. From then on those that died in Dimrill Dale were known proudly as ''Burned Dwarves''. <br />
<br />
The Houses parted ways, returning to their homes to the North, East, and West. Thráin, with what was left of the Longbeard contingent, went back to [[Dunland]] and wandered in [[Eriador]], eventually settling in the Southern Blue Mountains. There Durin's folk repopulated slowly, waiting for the day when they could take back the halls of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and Khazad-dum.<ref name="AppDurin"/><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
<br />
:Referred to as the '''Battle of [[Moria]]''' in this [[The Hobbit (film series)|film trilogy]] (and portrayed more as an isolated battle rather than the final conflict for an entire war), the battle is presented in a flashback sequence as [[Balin]] recounts [[Thorin]]'s past to [[Bilbo Baggins]]. The narrative of the battle has been heavily condensed. In the film version, rather than recounting Thrór's death at the hands of [[Azog]] and the resulting war of many years, Balin simply says that after [[Smaug]] drove the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]] from [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], Thrór attempted to lead all of his people back to their ancestral realm in Moria, only to find that the [[Orcs]] had gotten there first. [[Azog]] does decapitate [[Thrór]], but the deed takes place during the battle itself, and the head is thrown at Thorin's feet rather than [[Nár]]'s. Balin similarly condenses [[Thráin]]'s story, stating that he went mad with grief and wandered away, and his people never knew if he was dead or captured. [[Dáin Ironfoot]] is completely absent from the story, and it is Thorin who rallies the dwarves by facing Azog in single combat and hacking off his left arm at the elbow. The wounded Azog is dragged back into Moria by his subordinates, and the Dwarves assume he has died of his injuries, but he survives to appear in a present-time sub-plot in which he is hunting Thorin and Company for revenge. No mention is made of the burning of the Dwarves' dead, but Balin, [[Dwalin]], [[Bifur]], and Thorin are seen in the aftermath of the battle walking amidst heaps of their slain kin, and Balin recalls the battle as a pyrrhic victory, and the number of dead as beyond the count of grief, echoing closely the wording of the account from [[Appendix A]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. <br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]<br />
[[de:Schlacht von Azanulbizar]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:3a:guerres:bataille_d_azanulbizar]]<br />
[[fi:Azanulbizarin taistelu]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Black_N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=328058Black Númenóreans2021-02-22T02:54:25Z<p>Tengwar: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Black Númenóreans<br />
| image=[[File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|Black Númenóreans]]" by Brian Durfee<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Sauronians<ref name=letter>{{L|156}}</ref><br />
| origin=[[Númenóreans]] seduced and corrupted by [[Sauron]]<br />
| location=The southern lands of [[Middle-earth]], and especially [[Umbar]]<br />
| affiliation=[[King's Men]], [[Sauron]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Exiles of Númenor]], [[Gondorians]]<br />
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Westron]]<br />
| members=[[Herumor]], [[Fuinur]], [[Berúthiel]], [[The Mouth of Sauron]]<br />
| lifespan=<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Black Númenóreans''' emerged from the [[King's Men]] party;<ref name=Gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> they were cruel oppressors and overlords over the primitive [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]]. Since they were colonising the continent, they survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]] but swiftly diminished.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{main|King's Men}}<br />
The [[Númenóreans]]' power and knowledge had grown throughout the course of the [[Second Age]], and became increasingly preoccupied with the limits placed on their happiness—and eventually their power—by mortality, the purpose of which they began to question. They started fearing the [[Gift of Men]] and attempted to delay it or recall life. This growing wish to escape death made most of the Númenóreans envious of the immortal [[Eldar]], who they had come to physically resemble. The Eldar sought ever to remind the [[Men of Númenor]] however, that death was a gift of the One God, [[Ilúvatar]], to all men, and the will of Ilúvatar could not be gainsaid.<ref name=akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nevertheless, after {{SA|2221}}, when [[Tar-Ancalimon]] became [[King of Númenor]], the Númenóreans became divided. The [[King's Men]] turned away from the [[Valar]] and the Eldar and eventually became vulnerable to the corruption of [[Sauron]].<ref>{{L|211}}</ref><ref name=akallabeth/> <br />
<br />
Three of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] were powerful Númenórean lords corrupted by [[Sauron]].<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> 1000 years before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], they served [[Sauron]], being enslaved to his will, having become so because of their lust for power or knowledge.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Age===<br />
====Origin====<br />
Many of the [[King's Men]] sailed to the shores and seaward regions of the [[Westlands]] during [[Sauron]]'s sojourn in [[Númenor]]. These became the Black Númenóreans who submitted to Sauron and served him gladly in [[Middle-earth]]. These evil lords made their fortresses and dwellings in the [[South]], because of the power of [[Gil-galad]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref><ref name=window>{{TT|Window}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], their settlements beyond [[Umbar]] had been absorbed or had been made by the King's Men and had become hostile and parts of Sauron's dominions.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref><br />
<br />
====After the Downfall====<br />
Even after the Downfall, the Black Númenóreans held control of the [[Haven of Umbar]], initially a stronghold of the King's Men.<ref name=Gondor/> They hated, above all, the [[Exiles of Númenor]].<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
Two early Black Númenórean lords, both mighty and evil, from the late [[Second Age]] were [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]] who "rose to power amongst the [[Haradrim]]".<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
As [[Sauron]] was preparing to go to [[War of the Last Alliance|war]] against the [[Elves]] and [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]], he gathered great strength of his servants, including many Black Númenóreans.<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
The triumph of the [[Last Alliance]] marked the decline of the Black Númenórean race.<ref name=Gondor/> They dwindled swiftly or became merged with the [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=Gondor/> Although their race declined, they inherited, without lessening, their hatred of [[Gondor]].<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
Although they had dwindled, few notable figures still claimed to be of the Black Númenórean race in later times. One of these was [[Berúthiel|Queen Berúthiel]], the "nefarious, solitary, and loveless" wife of [[Gondor|Gondor's]] King [[Tarannon Falastur]].<ref name=Interview>{{webcite|author=[[Daphne Castell]]|articleurl=http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/inttolkien.html|articlename=The Realms of Tolkien|dated=|website=[http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/index.html ''Festival in the Shire Journal'', Issue 1]|accessed=7 May 2012}}</ref><ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[The Inklings (book)|The Inklings]]'', "Thursday evenings", pp. 137-8</ref><ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 7</ref> <br />
<br />
In {{TA|933}}, [[Kings of Gondor|King]] [[Eärnil I]] captured [[Umbar]], driving the lords of Umbar into exile.<ref name=Gondor/> 82 years later, in {{TA|1015}}, these lords lead the [[Haradrim]] to re-take the fortress and slew King [[Ciryandil]], son of Eärnil I.<ref group=note>Whether or not these lords were indeed Black Númenóreans is not known but due to their somewhat longevity (they ruled Umbar for some time before their 82 year long exile), it seems plausible.</ref><ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
Another more notable "renegade" of great stature was the [[Mouth of Sauron]]; "he entered the service of the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] when it first rose again".<ref name="Gate">{{RK|V10}}</ref><ref group=note>It has been noted that this reference is difficult to interpret; according to [[Appendix B]] the Dark Tower arose first some time after {{SA|3320}} and again in {{TA|2951}}. If the Mouth lived in the [[Second Age]], he would be one of the King's Men of Númenor, and probably prolonged his life with sorcery (cf. {{HM|Guide}}, p. 274); in the second interpretation he would serve [[Sauron]] only for 68 years, and this would make him a Black Númenórean of Umbar or [[Harad]]. The second interpretation is more feasible (and supported by [[Michael Martinez]]) but both have been considered.</ref> He mocked the army of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] in front of the [[Morannon]].<ref name="Gate"/><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
In [[Middle-earth]], the Black Númenóreans became "enamoured of evil knowledge"<ref name="Gate"/> and some "learned great sorcery" under [[Sauron|Sauron's]] tuleage.<ref name="Gate"/> Some, like the [[Mouth of Sauron]], had the potential to be more cruel than any [[Orc]].<ref name="Gate"/><br />
<br />
Some of these lords were idle and lazy; they used to fight amongst themselves, until they became conquered by the wild men whom they ruled over.<ref name=window/><br />
<br />
In [[The Notion Club Papers]], part of ''[[Sauron Defeated]]'', Arundel Lowdham cited two descendants of classical Adûnaic. One of these must have been [[Westron]], the other the tongue of the Black Númenóreans.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Black Númenórean.jpg|thumb|A typical Black Númenórean in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Black Númenóreans are portrayed in service of the different Lieutenants of the Enemy. The ''Angmarim'' inhabit the lands surrounding [[Carn Dum]] in [[Angmar]] and serve [[Mordirith]] and later [[Amarthiel]]. Much later, Umbarrim Númenóreans make appearance in [[Dol Guldur]] of [[Mirkwood]].<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:[[Agandaûr]], the game's main antagonist, is a Black Númenórean<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/enemies|articlename=Enemies|dated=|website=www.warinthenorth.com|accessed=15 February 2012}}</ref> as is the minor character [[Wulfrun]], lieutenant of [[Carn Dûm]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Black Númenóreans| ]]<br />
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]<br />
[[de:Schwarze Númenorer]]<br />
[[fi:Mustat númenorilaiset]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elves_of_Lindon&diff=326888Elves of Lindon2021-01-30T00:09:42Z<p>Tengwar: Small edits</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Elves of Lindon<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Elves of Lindon.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption=''Elves of Lindon'' by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=[[Eldar]] of [[Lindon]]<br />
| origin=Survivors of the destruction of [[Beleriand]] in the [[War of Wrath]]<br />
| location=[[Lindon]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], [[White Council]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Nandorin]]<br />
| members=[[Cirdan]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Celeborn]], [[Oropher]], [[Elrond]], [[Galdor of the Havens]]<br />
| lifespan=Immortal<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Elves of Lindon''' were those [[Elves]] who dwelt in [[Lindon]] in the west of [[Middle-earth]], between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Rule of Gil-galad===<br />
In {{SA|1}},<ref name=SA/> the [[Elves]] built the [[Grey Havens]] in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] where the [[Eldar]] sailed the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings/> This was the foundation of [[Lindon]] and its people.<ref name=SA/> Among those that remained were [[Círdan the Shipwright]], [[Celeborn|Celeborn of Doriath]], [[Galadriel]], [[Elrond]], and [[Celebrimbor]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref> [[Gil-galad]] was the last heir of the [[King of the Noldor|kings of the Noldor]] in exile, and acknowledged as [[High King of the Noldor|High King of the Elves of the West]] and so, he was their king.<ref name=rings/><ref name=SA/> <br />
<br />
In the beginning of the [[Second Age]], most of the [[Noldor]] that remained in [[Middle-earth]] dwelt in [[Lindon]] but,<ref name=SA/> many [[Teleri]], survivors of [[Doriath]] and [[Ossiriand]], left [[Lindon]] before {{SA|1000}} to establish realms among the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name=princes/> [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]] brought many [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], and [[Green-elves]]<ref name=concerning/> out of Lindon into [[Eriador]] to dwell there for some time.<ref name=concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref> Many of the [[Noldor]] in Lindon lead by [[Celebrimbor]] established the realm of [[Eregion]] in {{SA|750}} near the [[West-gate]] of [[Khazad-Dûm]] due to the recent discovery of [[mithril]] in [[Khazad-Dûm]].<ref name=SA/> <br />
<br />
A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], an emissary of the [[Valar]], came seeking entrance. Gil-galad and Master [[Elrond]] sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. Messengers were sent from [[Lindon]] with warnings; but they were unheeded, and Annatar was received gladly, mostly in [[Eregion]]. However, [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] were proven correct, as Annatar was indeed [[Sauron]] and later, [[War of the Elves and Sauron|there was war in Eriador]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> [[Elrond]] led the Elves of Lindon in [[Sack of Eregion|battle to defend Eregion]]. With them, and other [[Elves of Eregion|Elves]] who fled the destruction of [[Eregion]], he established [[Imladris]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref name=SA/> In the [[Dark Years]], [[Sauron]] had conquered most of the [[Westlands]], but in {{SA|1700}} [[Tar-Minastir]] sent a fleet to [[Lindon]], aiding the Elves of Lindon to drive [[Sauron]] out of [[Eriador]].<ref name=SA/><ref name=rings/> After those events, the Elves of Lindon were diminished and did not extend their realm east of the [[Blue Mountains]] anymore.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 75</ref><br />
<br />
When [[Ar-Pharazôn]] captured Sauron and took him to [[Númenor]], the [[Westlands]] found peace, and Gil-galad was free to extend his power and influence so that the Elves of Lindon controlled most of the [[Westlands]], even to the borders of [[Greenwood the Great]], until the [[Downfall of Númenor]], when Sauron returned to Middle-earth.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
At the end of the Age, Gil-galad joined the [[Last Alliance]] and led the Elves of Lindon to the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Some of the [[Silvan Elves]] felt hostility towards the [[Noldor]] of Lindon, and did not cooperate, suffering heavy losses.<ref name=princes/><br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|thumb|left|''Northern Waste'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
After the fall of Gil-galad (during the time of the [[Kings of Arnor]]), there was still a remnant of his people, the [[Noldor]], who dwelt at the [[Grey Havens]] of further inland in Lindon, who, aside from [[Rivendell]], were most of the remaining Noldor of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=rings/> The Elves of Lindon would often wander into [[Eriador]] but they mostly dwelt by the sea building the elven-ships in which many [[Eldar]] would depart to [[Valinor]].<ref name=rings/> [[Cirdan]] remained the Lord of the Havens and ruled the Elves of Lindon.<ref name=eriador/><ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
During the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon under [[Cirdan]] supported [[Arnor]] in the [[Angmar War]]. They assisted [[Arveleg I]] and [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with [[Círdan]]'s help, [[Arveleg I|Arveleg]]'s young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador/> They also assisted King [[Araval]] in a coalition with [[Rivendell]], in another battle against Angmar in {{TA|1851}}.<ref name=Elendil>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210</ref> In {{TA|1975}}, Elves from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue [[Arvedui Last-king]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The [[Third Age 1976|next year]], the Elves of Lindon joined the [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], and Cirdan led them to victory in the [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the later [[Third Age]] some Elves from Lindon could be seen [[Wandering Companies|traversing]] [[the Shire]], especially during Spring and Autumn. It was some of the few occasions that [[Hobbits]] could see Elves.<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref> During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was sent to [[Rivendell]] on an errand for [[Círdan]] and he represented the Elves of Lindon at the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Last Ship]], carrying [[Círdan]] and [[Celeborn]], sailed at some unknown date after {{FoA|171}}.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Population==<br />
[[Gil-galad]]'s people were mainly [[Noldor]]<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 65</ref> (especially from [[Gondolin]], but also from the [[House of Finarfin|Houses of Finarfin]] and [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]]); early in the [[Second Age]], most of the [[Noldor]] that remained in [[Middle-earth]] lived in Lindon.<ref name=SA/> During this time, the few [[Exiles]] that remained also lived in Lindon.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref> Even in the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon consisted most of the [[Noldor]] that still lingered in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
The original Elves of Lindon in the [[Elder Days]], were [[Laiquendi]], the [[Green-elves|Green-elves of Ossiriand]]. Even after the [[Elder Days]] passed, after they were joined by other [[Elves of Beleriand]], the [[Laiquendi]] remained; some of them removed to [[Eriador]]<ref name=concerning/> and others went to east to live among the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
The Elves of [[Harlindon]], the people of Lindon south of the [[Gulf of Lhûn]], were mostly [[Sindar]], ruled by [[Celeborn]] for some time.<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, Note 2</ref> Before the building of the [[Barad-dûr]], many [[Sindar]], survivors of [[Doriath]] uneasy living among the [[Noldor]] of [[Gil-galad]], went to east to establish realms among the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name=princes>{{UT|6b}}</ref><ref name=SA/><ref name=rings/> Some of these [[Sindar]] also removed to the shores of [[Lake Nenuial]].<ref name=concerning/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Elven peoples]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Halethrim&diff=325957Halethrim2021-01-13T19:28:07Z<p>Tengwar: Fixed redirect</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[House of Haleth]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]<br />
[[de:Haus Haleth]]<br />
[[fi:Halethin kansa]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=High_King_of_the_Noldor&diff=325318High King of the Noldor2020-12-31T16:55:10Z<p>Tengwar: No such thing as the House of Earendil</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{disambig-more|High King|[[High King (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{quote|If there lay no grievance between us, lord, still the kingship would rightly come to you, the eldest here of the house of [[Finwë]], and not the least wise.|[[Maedhros]] in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Return of the Noldor]]"}}<br />
[[File:Christopher Tolkien - The Realms of the Noldor and the Sindar.jpg|250px|thumb|''The Realms of the Noldor and the Sindar'' by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]<br />
'''High King of the Noldor''' was the title given to the head of the [[House of Finwë]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Its bearer was the nominal overlord of all the [[Noldor]]in realms, but had little practical authority due to the disunity of the Noldor. The [[House of Fëanor]] acknowledged the Kingship but paid it little heed, following their own agenda under the general leadership of [[Maedhros]].<br />
<br />
==Earlier Kings==<br />
{{main|King of the Noldor}}<br />
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Rescue of Maedhros.jpg|thumb|''The Rescue of Maedhros'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]<br />
The founder of the [[House of Finwë]] and first '''[[King of the Noldor]]''' was [[Finwë]], the lord of the [[Tatyar]] who led his people in the [[Great Journey]] from [[Cuiviénen]] into [[Aman|the West]] to dwell in [[Valinor]]. He was slain by [[Morgoth]] at [[Formenos]]. <br />
<br />
His eldest son [[Fëanor]] succeeded to the Kingship and led the [[Rebellion of the Noldor]] to Middle-earth to avenge his father's death and recover the [[Silmarils]] from Morgoth.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref> Fëanor died before establishing a realm, and the Kingship passed to his eldest son [[Maedhros]], who was captured by Morgoth.<br />
<br />
[[Fingon]], son of [[Fingolfin]], rescued Maedhros from his captivity in a daring raid on [[Thangorodrim]]. Out of gratitude to Fingon, and regret that Fëanor had abandoned the other Noldor in [[Araman]], Maedhros surrendered his house's claim to the Kingship to Fingolfin. At that time, Maedhros said: "''If there lay no grievance between us, lord, still the kingship would rightly come to you, the eldest here of the house of Finwë, and not the least wise.''" Thus the Kingship passed from the [[House of Fëanor]] to the [[House of Fingolfin]], fulfilling the [[Doom of Mandos]] that the [[Sons of Fëanor]] would become the ''Dispossessed'', and the two Houses made peace. However, not all of the seven Sons of Fëanor accepted this in their hearts.<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===First Age===<br />
'''[[Fingolfin]]''' became the first High King of the Noldor, ruling from [[Hithlum]] as the "King of the North," mostly during the [[Siege of Angband]]. When Morgoth broke the leaguer in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] and slew many Noldor, Fingolfin rode in wrath to the gates of [[Angband]] and died in single combat with Morgoth.<ref name=Ruin>{{S|18}}</ref><br />
<br />
Fingolfin was succeeded by his eldest son '''[[Fingon]]''', whose short reign was consumed by endless war. He and Maedhros formed an [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]] that brought together all the realms of the Noldor to make a [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad|final assault]] on Morgoth. The attempt ended in the slaughter of the Noldor and Fingon's death at the hands of [[Gothmog]], Lord of Balrogs.<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
Fingon's brother '''[[Turgon]]''' succeeded him, but he was High King in name only, as it was not possible for the "Hidden King" to rule the other Noldor from his [[Gondolin|Hidden City]], the location of which was unknown even to his own kin. When [[Maeglin]] betrayed this secret to Morgoth, the city swiftly [[Fall of Gondolin|fell]] and Turgon with it.<br />
<br />
Gondolin was the last of the Noldorin realms in Beleriand and Turgon was the last son of the [[House of Fingolfin]]. With his death, the Kingship passed to the [[House of Finarfin]], which was by this time reduced to a single dynast: '''[[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]''', the young son of [[Orodreth]]. Gil-galad had been sent to take refuge with [[Círdan]] after the fall of [[Minas Tirith]] in the aftermath of the Dagor Bragollach, and thus survived the ruin of the Noldor. Gil-galad was acclaimed High King when news of Turgon's death reached the [[Isle of Balar]], to which he and Círdan had fled from the fall of the [[Falas]].<ref>{{S|23}}</ref> Gil-galad lived to see the end of the [[War of the Jewels]] and held the Kingship throughout the [[Second Age]], far longer than any of his predecessors.<br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
After the cataclysmic [[War of Wrath]] that ended the [[First Age]] and destroyed Beleriand, the surviving [[Noldor]] who did not depart for the [[Undying Lands]] established the realms of [[Lindon]] and later [[Eregion]] in northwestern Middle-earth. In Lindon, Gil-galad was acknowledged as the "High King of the Elves of the West".<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> He was the chief enemy of [[Sauron]] in the [[Dark Years]], at the end of which he appointed Elrond as his vice-regent in [[Eriador]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], Gil-galad and [[Elendil]] formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] to destroy Sauron. In the ensuing [[War of the Last Alliance|war]] Gil-galad commanded the Elven forces, save for the host of [[Silvan Elves]] under [[Amdír]] and [[Oropher]]. After the Last Alliance broke into Mordor and [[Siege of Barad-dûr|besieged the Barad-dûr]] for seven years, Sauron personally came forth and fought Gil-galad and Elendil. The battle ended in the deaths of all three, but Sauron's spirit and malice endured through the power of his [[One Ring]].<ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
Gil-galad was the last High King of the Noldor, for he fathered no children. With his death, the [[House of Finwë]] was extinguished in the male line in Middle-earth. The only living descendants of Finwë remaining in Middle-earth at the dawn of the Third Age were [[Galadriel]], her daughter [[Celebrían]], and the descendants of [[Elrond]] and his brother [[Elros]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==List of High Kings==<br />
<!--Please don't add Finwe and Feanor to this list; they aren't mentioned as "High Kings" in the published Silmarillion. --><br />
# '''[[Fingolfin]]''' reigned {{FA|7}} to {{FA|456|n}} (449 years)<br />
# '''[[Fingon]]''' reigned {{FA|456}} to {{FA|472|n}} (16 years)<br />
# '''[[Turgon]]''' reigned {{FA|472}} to {{FA|510|n}} (38 years)<br />
# '''[[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]''' reigned {{FA|510}} to {{SA|3441}} (3,521 years)<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Gil-galad is said to be the son of Fingon.<ref>{{S|18}}</ref> However, in some of Tolkien's later notes, Gil-galad is said to be the son of Orodreth and thus a junior member of the [[House of Finarfin]],<ref>{{PM|XI5}}</ref> and Turgon's closest living relative in the male line (excluding the dispossessed House of Fëanor). Turgon's claim to the title of High King would be [[Gil-galad#Parentage|problematic]] if Gil-galad were descended from Fingon, but the issue is resolved through descent from Orodreth, which may explain the change.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*For other and earlier rulers of the Noldor, see [[King of the Noldor]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Noldor]]<br />
[[Category:Elven Titles]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Middle-earth]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]<br />
[[de:Hoher König der Noldor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/haut_roi_des_noldor]]<br />
[[fi:Noldorin Korkea Kuningas]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Morwen_Steelsheen&diff=324211Morwen Steelsheen2020-12-06T17:03:43Z<p>Tengwar: Small edits</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Morwen|[[Morwen (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Morwen<br />
| image=[[File:Elawen Altariel - Morwen of Lossarnach.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Morwen of Lossarnach" by [[:Category:Images by Elawen Altariel|Elawen Altariel]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gondor]], [[Rohan]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=<br />
| birth={{TA|2922}}<ref name="Eorl"/><br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=Descended from the [[House of Dol Amroth]]<ref name=linear>{{UT|Linear}}</ref><br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=[[Thengel]]<br />
| children=[[Théoden]], [[Théodwyn]], three unnamed daughters<br />
| gender=Female<br />
| height=Tall<br />
| hair=Dark<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Morwen Steelsheen''', also known as '''Morwen of Lossarnach''', was the queen to King [[Thengel]] of [[Rohan]], and mother of his heir [[Théoden]]. The epithet "[[Steelsheen]]" was given to her by the [[Rohirrim]] due to the grace and pride that she brought from Gondor.<ref name="Eorl">{{App|Eorl}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Being one of the [[Dúnedain of the South]] due to her high-[[Númenórean]] heritage, her descendants were said to be considerably taller than most of the [[Rohirrim]], especially [[Éomer]], and some also inherited her dark hair.<ref name=linear/> [[Éowyn]] was slender and tall, and she too inherited the graceful and proud bearing of [[Gondor]] from Morwen.<ref name="Eorl"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Although Morwen dwelt in [[Lossarnach]], she did not belong to the people of that land. In fact, her father had removed there for its flowering vales, from [[Belfalas]]; he was a descendant of a former [[Prince of Dol Amroth]] and thus a kinsman of [[Imrahil|Prince Imrahil]].<ref name=linear/> <br />
<br />
In {{TA|2943}}, she was married to [[Thengel]] of [[Rohan]] in [[Gondor]], though she was seventeen years younger than him. She bore three children in [[Gondor]], of whom [[Théoden]], the second, was her only son. When his father [[Fengel]] died, Thengel inherited the [[King of Rohan|Kingship of Rohan]], and travelled with Morwen back to his own land. Morwen bore him two more daughters in [[Rohan]]; and the last, [[Théodwyn]], was the fairest; she would become the mother of [[Éomer]] and [[Éowyn]].<ref name="Eorl"/> <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''[[Morwen]]'' is the name of a famous member of the [[House of Bëor]] in the first age. It translates from [[Sindarin]] as "black(haired) woman".<br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | FOL | | | | |FOL=[[Folcwine]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2830|n}} - {{TA|2903|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | FEN | | | | |FEN=[[Fengel]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2870|n}} - {{TA|2953|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | MOR |y| THE | | | | |THE=[[Thengel]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''</small>|MOR='''MORWEN STEELSHEEN'''<br/><small>''b. {{TA|2922|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | THE | | DAU | | THW |THE=[[Théoden]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†</small>|DAU=''three daughters''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|THW=[[Théodwyn]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|(| |}}<br />
{{familytree | THE | | EOM | | EOW |THE=[[Théodred]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2978|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†</small>|EOM=[[Éomer]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2991|n}} - {{FoA|63}}''</small>|EOW=[[Éowyn]]<br/><small>''b. {{TA|2995|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Rohirrim]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Morwen von Lossarnach]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/morwen_de_lossarnach]]<br />
[[fi:Lossarnachin Morwen]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Maeglin&diff=324057Maeglin2020-12-02T14:25:51Z<p>Tengwar: Small edit to house by following patrilineal lineage</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sindar infobox<br />
| name=Maeglin<br />
| image=[[File:Lorraine Brevig - Maeglin.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Maeglin" by [[:Category:Images by Lorraine Brevig|Lorraine Brevig]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Lómion'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Nan Elmoth]], [[Gondolin]]<br />
| affiliation=[[House of the Mole]]<br />
| language=<br />
| birth={{FA|320}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Nan Elmoth]]<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{FA|510}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Fall of Gondolin]]<br />
| age=190<br />
| notablefor=Betraying the location of Gondolin to [[Morgoth]]<br />
| house=Kin of [[Thingol]]<ref>{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref><ref>{{WJ|Editor}}, Note 33 </ref><br />
| parentage=[[Eöl]] & [[Aredhel]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Black<br />
| eyes=Dark<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=[[Anguirel]]<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
<center>{{quote|He resembled in face and form rather his kindred of the Noldor, but in mood and mind he was the son of his father. His words were few save in matters that touched him near, and then his voice had a power to move those that heard him and to overthrow those that withstood him.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Maeglin]]"}}</center><br />
'''Maeglin''' was an [[Elves|Elf]], the son of [[Eöl]] the [[Dark Elf]] and [[Aredhel]] daughter of [[Fingolfin]]. He lived in the [[First Age]] of [[Middle-earth]] and was a prince of [[Gondolin]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
When Aredhel left Gondolin to wander through [[Beleriand]], she met [[Eöl]] in [[Nan Elmoth]]. She stayed with him, eventually giving birth to Maeglin. The child grew up hearing tales of Gondolin, the Hidden City, and his uncle, Turgon. Most importantly, he heard that he had no heir to the throne, thus the idea of leaving the dark places of Nan Elmoth was born in his mind. Years later, Aredhel left Eöl and she took Maeglin (who stole his father's sword, [[Anguirel]]) with her, both of them returning to Gondolin. However, Eöl had followed her. In judgment before [[Turgon]], he was told that he could not leave Gondolin, and attempted to kill Maeglin with a poisoned dart. But he hit Aredhel instead when she sprang before Maeglin to protect him. She later died, and Eöl was cast down to his death from the city walls under Maeglin's eyes; and his father saying he would die the same death.<ref name=Maeglin>{{S|Maeglin}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was now an orphan, but Turgon held him in honor, and Maeglin both learned and taught much. He found rich lodes of metals in the [[Echoriath]] surrounding the city, and forged weapons of steel stronger than had been seen before. His mine in the northern Echoriath was named ''[[Anghabar]]'', which provided a great wealth of steel and forged metals.<ref name=Maeglin>{{S|Maeglin}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], also known as the Battle of Unnumbered Tears, Maeglin refused to remain behind as regent, and went forth to battle with Turgon, proving valiant at need, though he was wise in council as well.<ref name=Maeglin>{{S|Maeglin}}</ref> He was present when Turgon and Húrin met in the middle of the battle, and heard the prophetic words of his king, and he didn't forget them.<ref>{{S|Nirnaeth}}</ref> After the army of the Gondolindrim came back from battle, the seventh and final gate of Gondolin, the [[Gate of Steel]], was created by Maeglin.<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}, pp. 49-50</ref><br />
[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Evil in His Heart.jpg|thumb|''Evil in his heart'' by [[Peter Xavier Price]]]] <br />
Even though he was one of the mighty of Gondolin, he most desired Turgon's daughter [[Idril]], who was his first cousin. But there was no hope for him, as the "[[Eldar]] wedded not with kin so near". Moreover, Idril perceived an evil coming from him, and for as long as Gondolin existed, she avoided him. Thus, the love inside Maeglin's heart turned to darkness. Though he had neither her nor the kingship of Gondolin, he endured it in silence, waiting for an opportunity to seize them both.<ref name=Maeglin></ref><br />
<br />
===The Fall of Gondolin===<br />
When [[Tuor]] came, carrying [[Ulmo's warning]] of the danger to Gondolin, Maeglin sat on the right hand of Turgon and argued against Tuor. Tuor's marriage with Idril further incensed Maeglin, who rebelled against Turgon and Tuor. Later, seeking after metals, Maeglin defied Turgon's order to stay within the mountains, and was captured by [[Orcs]] and brought to [[Angband]]. [[Morgoth]] promised both Gondolin and Idril in return for the location of the hidden city, thus luring Maeglin into the greatest treachery done in the [[Elder Days]].<br />
<br />
Maeglin returned to Gondolin saying nothing about his encounter, but many people noticed a change. Most thought it was for the better, though Idril suspected something and began work on [[Idril's secret way]]. When the [[Fall of Gondolin]] took place, Maeglin tried to kill [[Eärendil]] and take Idril for himself. But Tuor caught up with him and they fought upon the walls of the city. Maeglin lost and he was thrown down to his death, striking the mountain three times before falling into the flames.<ref>{{S|Gondolin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Maeglin'' means "Sharp Glance" in [[Sindarin]], a name which he received from his father when he was twelve. It is formed by the union of ''[[maeg]]'' ("sharp, piercing, "penetrating") and ''[[glîn]]'' ("gleam, glint (of eyes)").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''maeg'', ''glîn''</ref> <br />
<br />
At birth, Aredhel gave Maeglin the [[Amilessë|mother-name]] of '''''Lómion''''', meaning "Child of Twilight" in [[Quenya]]. It comes from ''[[lómë]]'' ("twilight")<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''lómë''</ref> + ''[[-ion]]'' (patronymic suffix). This name was given to him in secret, as Quenya was forbidden and because only Eöl gave a name to his son when he was twelve years old.<ref name=Maeglin></ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1495}}''</small>|IND=[[Indis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|MIR=[[Míriel]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1170}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG |y| ANA | | IRM | | FIR | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]</br><small>''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''</small>|FDS=[[Findis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]</br><small>''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''</small>|ANA=[[Anairë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|IRM=[[Írimë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FIR=[[Finarfin]]</br><small>''b. {{YT|1230}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree| FIN | | TUR |y| ELE | | ARE |y| EOL | | ARG|FIN=[[Fingon]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|472}}''</small>|ARE=[[Aredhel]]</br><small>''{{YT|1362}} - {{FA|400}}''</small>|TUR=[[Turgon]]</br><small>''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|510}}''</small>|ELE=[[Elenwë]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1500}}''</small>|EOL=[[Eöl]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|400}}''</small>|ARG=[[Argon]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|1}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | TUO |y| IDR | | | | | | MAE | | | | | ||MAE='''MAEGLIN'''</br><small>''{{FA|320}} - {{FA|510|n}}''</small>|IDR=[[Idril]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|TUO=[[Tuor]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|472}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | EAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||EAR=[[Eärendil]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|503}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
[[File:Catherine Chmiel - Maeglin laid hands on Idril, and on Earendil.jpg|right|thumb|''Maeglin laid hands on Idril, and on Earendil'' by [[Catherine Karina Chmiel]]]]<br />
Maeglin is called '''''Meglin''''' in the early versions of the [[Legendarium]]. This [[Gnomish]] name is not glossed and its [[Qenya]] cognate was ''Mailin/Mailindo''.<ref>{{PE|13}}, pp. 103-104</ref><br />
<br />
===The Book of Lost Tales===<br />
The most detailed text about Meglin and his evil deeds during the Fall of Gondolin is the chapter "[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]", in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''. There it is told that he was a [[Gnome]]-lord, son of Isfin and Eöl, and nephew of king Turgon, although some whispered he had Orc's blood in his veins. His sign was a sable Mole and he was a chief of the delvers, and many of them beloged to his house.<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|165}} This house was the [[folk of the Mole]], one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondothlim]]. He had gathered them chosing warriors of dark countenance and lowering gaze.<ref name=Gondolin></ref>{{rp|173}}<br />
At some point he was captured by Orcs while looking for ore, and knowing he was of the [[Gondothlim]], they would kill him, but he offered himself to Melko and was taken to the Hills of Iron. Hearing the treachery, Melko was pleased, and together they planned how to take the city. Meglin gave Melko the idea of building [[Iron Dragons]] to carry Orcs. Then he came back to the city, but Melko wove upon him the spell of bottomless dread.<ref name=Gondolin></ref>{{rp|169}}<br />
<br />
Seven years later, the armies of Melko approached Gondolin and Turgon called a council. All the lords supported Tuor, who wanted to leave the city and save the women and children, but Meglin and [[Salgant]] alone convinced [[Turgon]] to hold the city and guard the treasures, and while he spoke Salgant backed him up.<ref name=Gondolin></ref>{{rp|175-176}}<br />
<br />
When the [[Fall of Gondolin]] began at the [[North Gate of Gondolin|northern gate]], Meglin led his folk to [[Tuor]]'s house at the south of the city. He knew of [[Idril's secret way]] and wanted to use it for his own porposes. There he tried to kill [[Eärendel]] throwing him from the walls, and dragged Idril of her hair to make her see it. But Eärendel and Idril fought him, delaying him. Tuor soon arrived with his [[folk of the Wing]]. But a press of the Mole-folk was in front of the house, and these were the grimmest Noldoli that Meglin could get, doing nothing to stop their lord. Then the folk of the Wing attacked and the folk of the Mole was stricken asunder, and Tuor could run upon Meglin. When Meglin saw this, he stabbed Eärendel, but the child was wearing a coat, and Tuor broke Meglin's arm. Finally, Tuor took Meglin and flung him far out. The body smote Amon Gwareth three times before reaching the flames, "and the name of Meglin has gone out in shame from among the Eldar and Noldoli".<ref name=Gondolin>{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|177-178}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{HousesofGondolin}} <br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]<br />
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]<br />
[[Category:Noldor]]<br />
[[Category:Servants of Melkor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindar]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Maeglin]]<br />
[[fi:Maeglin]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/maeglin]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Wainrider/Balchoth_War&diff=324046Talk:Wainrider/Balchoth War2020-12-02T01:58:46Z<p>Tengwar: /* SPLIT */ new section</p>
<hr />
<div>== Naming Decision ==<br />
It was a tough decision arriving at a name for this conflict. Appendix A (ROTK) uses both terms, and the pre-existing Celebrant battle article uses "Balchoth". So I tried to use both. Easterling is more of a generic description. Also, the time period involved here is very long, 700 years or so, but the whole affair is discussed as though it is a unitary conflict in the [[Appendix B|Tale of Years]]. So I kept the time scale long.--[[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] 17:38, 13 July 2008 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Some other naming: "Calimehtar-Dagorlad Battle"? Isn't "Second Battle for Dagorlad" a bit better? -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 13:07, 14 July 2008 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:That's just a place holder-- perhaps 2nd will do.--[[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] 14:51, 14 July 2008 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I added a redirect page for [[Easterling War]]. That should keep everyone happy.--[[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] 14:53, 16 July 2008 (EDT)<br />
<br />
<br />
== Typo Wars ==<br />
<br />
Someday, Ederchil, we'll look back on this as the '''Great Typo War'''. I hope we're helping it other, not just chewing on each other. I thought I was helping you out with corrections to Christopher Lee. I hope you're responding with the same charitable spirit, dude.--[[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] 14:50, 16 July 2008 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Always charitable. We're all here to help eachother. I make typos, you make typos. If we don't correct eachother, then who will? -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 15:41, 16 July 2008 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Doesn't make sense==<br />
Sorry folks, it's ludicrous to put the Wainrider/Balchoth conflict into one. The Wainriders were utterly defated in 1944 TA, the Balchoth appear 500 years later. It's like talking about the "Hunnic-Mongol Invasion of Europe" despite Huns and Mongols being different peoples and are separated by 700 years. There's a wainrider conflict and a Balchoth conflict.<br />
Besides, the article is far from complete. And why is there crux behind Ecthelion II? From what I know he died peacefully. --[[User:Thalion|Thalion]] 14:58, 19 September 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: I didn't like it either way back when it was created. Split the subject. --[[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]] 18:19, 20 September 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:+1 --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 14:58, 21 September 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
[[User:Woolly Mammoth|Woolly Mammoth]] 16:24, 14 May 2015 (UTC) If the start of this "war" was in {{TA|1851}}, then what the bloody hell are Tarostar and Turambar doing in the list of commanders?<br />
<br />
:The body text names Rómendacil I which clearly has then been added to the infobox. However, I don't accept that that this article should actually exist so perhaps we should take this as an opportunity to discuss this article's future and scope.<br />
<br />
:Can I say, though, that I don't think your language, Woolly Mammoth - "what the bloody hell" - is appropriate for this wiki. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 07:46, 15 May 2015 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== SPLIT ==<br />
<br />
By the looks of it, it seems that the talk page is basically at a consensus that this conflict should be split up into seperate articles or should be merged into one big "Easterling Wars" page. Given that lumping Wainriders with the Balchoth who appeared 500 years after seems redundant, I think this is worth a shot.--[[User:Tengwar|Tengwar]] 01:58, 2 December 2020 (UTC)</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=High_King_of_the_Noldor&diff=323990High King of the Noldor2020-11-30T22:08:02Z<p>Tengwar: Added an important quote</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|High King|[[High King (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{quote|If there lay no grievance between us, lord, still the kingship would rightly come to you, the eldest here of the house of [[Finwë]], and not the least wise.|[[Maedhros]] in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Return of the Noldor]]"}}<br />
[[File:Christopher Tolkien - The Realms of the Noldor and the Sindar.jpg|250px|thumb|''The Realms of the Noldor and the Sindar'' by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]<br />
'''High King of the Noldor''' was the title given to the head of the [[House of Finwë]] in [[Middle-earth]], having overlordship over all the [[Noldor]]in realms. The title was mostly nominal; the [[House of Fëanor]], in particular, while they acknowledged the Kingship, paid its bearer little heed, following their own agenda under the general leadership of [[Maedhros]].<br />
<br />
==Earlier Kings==<br />
{{main|King of the Noldor}}<br />
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Rescue of Maedhros.jpg|thumb|''The Rescue of Maedhros'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]<br />
The forefather of the [[House of Finwë]], and first '''[[King of the Noldor]]''' was [[Finwë]], the first lord of the [[Tatyar]] who led his people in the [[Great Journey]] from [[Cuiviénen]] into [[Aman|the West]] to dwell in [[Valinor]]. He was slain by [[Morgoth]] at [[Formenos]]. <br />
<br />
His eldest son [[Fëanor]] succeeded to the kingship and led the [[Rebellion of the Noldor]] back to Middle-earth to avenge his father's death and recover the [[Silmarils]] from Morgoth.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref> Fëanor died before establishing a realm and the Kingship by right belonged to his eldest son [[Maedhros]] who was captured by Morgoth. <br />
<br />
After [[Fingon]] saved his life, in gratitude (and regretting that his father had abandoned the other Noldor in [[Araman]]) Maedhros passed his titles to Fingon's father, Fingolfin, saying: "''If there lay no grievance between us, lord, still the kingship would rightly come to you, the eldest here of the house of Finwë, and not the least wise.''" Thus the Kingship passed from the [[House of Fëanor]] to the [[House of Fingolfin]] (fulfilling the [[Doom of Mandos]] that the [[Sons of Fëanor]] would become the ''Dispossessed'') and the two Houses made peace. However, not all of the seven brothers accepted this in their hearts.<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===In Beleriand===<br />
'''[[Fingolfin]]''' became the first High King of the Noldor, ruling from [[Hithlum]], mostly during the [[Siege of Angband]] as the "King of the North". When Morgoth broke the leaguer in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], he rode in anger to the gates of [[Angband]] and died in single combat with Morgoth.<ref name=Ruin>{{S|18}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Fingolfin was succeeded by his eldest son '''[[Fingon]]''' who reigned during an endless war. With Maedhros, he [[Union of Maedhros|prepared]] a [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad|final assault]] on Morgoth, which ended in disaster for the Noldor and Fingon's own death, after a short rule. <br />
<br />
Fingon's brother '''[[Turgon]]''' succeeded Fingon nominally, but his kingship was titular at the least, as it was not possible for the "Hidden King" to rule from his [[Gondolin|Hidden City]], the location of which was unknown by even his own kin. That was until Gondolin's location was discovered by Morgoth through the treachery of [[Maeglin]].<br />
<br />
Following Turgon's death in the [[Fall of Gondolin]], there were no more extant Noldorin realms in Beleriand; the Kingship passed to the [[House of Finarfin]]. The son of [[Orodreth]], the young '''[[Gil-galad|Ereinon Gil-galad]]''', was named High King at the [[Havens of Sirion]] once news of Turgon's death had spread.<ref>{{S|23}}</ref> Seeing the end of the [[War of the Jewels]], Gil-galad held the Kingship throughout the [[Second Age]], longer than any of his forebears. <br />
<br />
===In the Westlands===<br />
After the cataclysmic [[War of Wrath]] that ended the [[First Age]], the surviving [[Noldor]] who did not depart for the [[Undying Lands]] established the realms of [[Lindon]] and later [[Eregion]] in northwestern Middle-earth. In Lindon, Gil-galad was acknowledged as the "High King of the Elves of the West".<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> He was the chief enemy of [[Sauron]] in the [[Dark Years]], at the end of which he appointed Elrond as his vice-regent in [[Eriador]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> He formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] with [[Elendil]], being the commander of almost all of the Elven forces who fought in that [[War of the Last Alliance|War]].<ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref> and died during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] at the end of the [[Second Age]]. <br />
<br />
Gil-galad was the last High King for he fathered no children; however, the line of the High-elven kings, including the High Kingship of the Noldor, was alone preserved in the descendants of [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List of High Kings==<br />
<!--Please don't add Finwe and Feanor on this list; they aren't mentioned as "High Kings" in the published silmarillion. --><br />
#'''[[Fingolfin]]''' (ruled from {{FA|7}} - {{FA|456|n}})<br />
# '''[[Fingon]]''' (ruled from {{FA|456}} - {{FA|472|n}})<br />
# '''[[Turgon]]''' (ruled from {{FA|472}} - {{FA|510|n}})<br />
# '''[[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]''' (ruled from {{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}})<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Gil-galad is said to be the son of Fingon.<ref>{{S|18}}</ref> However, in some of Tolkien's later notes, Gil-galad is said to be the son of Orodreth and thus a junior member of the [[House of Finarfin]],<ref>{{PM|XI5}}</ref> and Turgon's closest living relative in the male line (excluding the dispossessed House of Fëanor). Turgon's claim to the title of High King would be [[Gil-galad#Parentage|problematic]] if Gil-galad were descended from Fingon, but the issue is resolved through descent from Orodreth, which may explain the change.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*For other and earlier rulers of the Noldor, see [[King of the Noldor]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Noldor]]<br />
[[Category:Elven Titles]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Middle-earth]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]<br />
[[de:Hoher König der Noldor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/haut_roi_des_noldor]]<br />
[[fi:Noldorin Korkea Kuningas]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=King_of_the_Noldor&diff=323989King of the Noldor2020-11-30T22:07:50Z<p>Tengwar: Added an important quote</p>
<hr />
<div>{{quote|If there lay no grievance between us, lord, still the kingship would rightly come to you, the eldest here of the house of [[Finwë]], and not the least wise.|[[Maedhros]] in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Return of the Noldor]]"}}<br />
[[File:Kimberly_-_Finwe.jpg|thumb|Finwë, first King of the Noldor (by Kimberly)]]<br />
'''King of the Noldor''' was a title held by the early rulers of the [[Noldor]], especially held by those who ruled in [[Aman]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
The Noldor, that part of the [[Tatyar]] who participated in the [[Great Journey]], were led by [[Finwë]]. Finwë was one of the three elves summoned to [[Valinor]] by [[Oromë]] to serve as messengers to their fellows,<ref name="S3">{{S|3}}</ref> and later became the ruler of the Noldor in Valinor, who lived in the city of [[Tirion|Tirion upon Túna]]. He became known as the ''King of the Noldor'', and had three sons and two daughters from two marriages.<ref name="S5">{{S|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Finwë followed his eldest son [[Fëanor]] into exile at [[Formenos]],<ref>{{S|8}}</ref> and was killed by [[Morgoth|Melkor]] following the [[Darkening of Valinor]]. Following his father's death, [[Fëanor]] returned to Tirion even though the Valar had not lifted his exile and claimed the kingship of the Noldor. This cast Fëanor's inheritance of the kingship into question, but the rhetorical skill of Fëanor convinced the majority of the Noldor to follow him in his [[Flight of the Noldor|rebellion]] against the Valar, although some loved [[Fingolfin]] more.<ref name="S9">{{S|9}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Kingship splits===<br />
After the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]], the youngest son of Finwë, [[Finarfin]], repented of the rebellion and was permitted to return to Tirion because his people had played no part in the Kinslaying. He remained in [[Tirion]] and ruled the Noldor who remained in [[Aman]].<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Finarfin''</ref> However, the hosts of Fëanor, the primary instigator of the Kinslaying, and Fingolfin, some of whose people were late participants in it, continued towards Middle-earth.<ref name="S9" /><br />
<br />
===Arrival in Middle-earth===<br />
The hosts of Fëanor and Fingolfin arrived in Middle-earth separately, following Fëanor's betrayal of his half-brother by burning their captured fleet at [[Losgar]], with Fëanor arriving first. Fëanor, while calling himself King of the Noldor, was killed in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] before he was able to establish a realm. His eldest son, [[Maedhros]], inherited the claim to the kingship, but was soon after captured by Morgoth.<ref name="S13">{{S|13}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
====Rulers in Middle-earth====<br />
{{main|High King of the Noldor}}<br />
The arrival of the host of Fingolfin, battered by the crossing of the [[Helcaraxë|Grinding Ice]], complicated matters, as Fëanor's betrayal had driven a rift between the two hosts. This was resolved by [[Fingon]], son of Fingolfin, rescuing Maedhros from his captivity in [[Thangorodrim]]. Maedhros subsequently apologised for the burning of the ships and ceded his claim to the kingship, and that of the entire [[House of Fëanor]], to Fingolfin and his [[House of Fingolfin|House]], despite the disagreement of [[Sons of Feanor|his brothers]]. Thus the Kingship passed to the [[House of Fingolfin]], fulfilling the [[Doom of Mandos]] according to which the [[Sons of Fëanor]] would become the ''Dispossessed''.<ref name="S13"/><br />
<br />
With the establishment of many different Noldorin realms, Fingolfin soon became '''[[High King of the Noldor]]'''. Following Fingolfin's death in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], the title passed to his son [[Fingon]].<ref name="S18">{{S|18}}</ref> Following Fingon's death in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the title passed to his younger brother [[Turgon]].<ref>{{S|20}}</ref> After Turgon's death in the [[Fall of Gondolin]], the last Noldorin realm in [[Beleriand]] was extinguished along with the House of Fingolfin in the male line.<br />
<br />
The High Kingship passed to the [[House of Finarfin]]'s most senior surviving dynast, the young [[Ereinon Gil-galad]], son of [[Orodreth]].<ref>{{S|23}}</ref> Gil-galad was High King through the [[Second Age]] until his death in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] but sired no heirs. He was the last High King of the Noldor; his death meant the extinction of the entire [[House of Finwë]] in the male line in Middle-earth and afterwards the office was left vacant; although, the line of the High-elven kings, including the High Kingship of the Noldor, was alone preserved in the descendants of [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Kings==<br />
===King of the Noldor in Valinor===<br />
The first two kings were not distinguished as being ''in Valinor'', since the entire population of the Noldor lived in Valinor at that time.<ref name="S5"/><br />
<br />
# [[Finwë]], first King of the Noldor.<br />
# [[Fëanor]], first son of Finwë; claimed the title after his father's death.<br />
<br />
[[Finarfin]], third son of Finwë, remained in [[Aman]] after the [[Exile of the Noldor]] and ruled the remnant of his people in [[Tirion]], although he never officialy claimed this title. <br />
<br />
===High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth===<br />
[[Fëanor]] nominally ruled in [[Middle-earth]] for a short time before his fall in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], although he never established a realm.<br />
# [[Fingolfin]], second son of Finwë; held to be the first '''[[High King of the Noldor]]''' by the majority of the Noldor after Maedhros son of Fëanor gave up his claims.<ref name="S13"/><br />
# [[Fingon]], first son of Fingolfin.<br />
# [[Turgon]], second son of Fingolfin.<br />
# [[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Elven Titles]]<br />
[[fi:Noldorin kuningas]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=High_King_of_the_Noldor&diff=323988High King of the Noldor2020-11-30T21:05:14Z<p>Tengwar: Small edits</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|High King|[[High King (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
[[File:Christopher Tolkien - The Realms of the Noldor and the Sindar.jpg|250px|thumb|''The Realms of the Noldor and the Sindar'' by [[Christopher Tolkien]]]]<br />
'''High King of the Noldor''' was the title given to the head of the [[House of Finwë]] in [[Middle-earth]], having overlordship over all the [[Noldor]]in realms. The title was mostly nominal; the [[House of Fëanor]], in particular, while they acknowledged the Kingship, paid its bearer little heed, following their own agenda under the general leadership of [[Maedhros]].<br />
<br />
==Earlier Kings==<br />
{{main|King of the Noldor}}<br />
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Rescue of Maedhros.jpg|thumb|''The Rescue of Maedhros'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]<br />
The forefather of the [[House of Finwë]], and first '''[[King of the Noldor]]''' was [[Finwë]], the first lord of the [[Tatyar]] who led his people in the [[Great Journey]] from [[Cuiviénen]] into [[Aman|the West]] to dwell in [[Valinor]]. He was slain by [[Morgoth]] at [[Formenos]]. <br />
<br />
His eldest son [[Fëanor]] succeeded to the kingship and led the [[Rebellion of the Noldor]] back to Middle-earth to avenge his father's death and recover the [[Silmarils]] from Morgoth.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref> Fëanor died before establishing a realm and the Kingship by right belonged to his eldest son [[Maedhros]] who was captured by Morgoth. <br />
<br />
After [[Fingon]] saved his life, in gratitude (and regretting that his father had abandoned the other Noldor in [[Araman]]) Maedhros passed his titles to Fingon's father, Fingolfin, saying: "''If there lay no grievance between us, lord, still the kingship would rightly come to you, the eldest here of the house of Finwë, and not the least wise.''" Thus the Kingship passed from the [[House of Fëanor]] to the [[House of Fingolfin]] (fulfilling the [[Doom of Mandos]] that the [[Sons of Fëanor]] would become the ''Dispossessed'') and the two Houses made peace. However, not all of the seven brothers accepted this in their hearts.<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===In Beleriand===<br />
'''[[Fingolfin]]''' became the first High King of the Noldor, ruling from [[Hithlum]], mostly during the [[Siege of Angband]] as the "King of the North". When Morgoth broke the leaguer in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], he rode in anger to the gates of [[Angband]] and died in single combat with Morgoth.<ref name=Ruin>{{S|18}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Fingolfin was succeeded by his eldest son '''[[Fingon]]''' who reigned during an endless war. With Maedhros, he [[Union of Maedhros|prepared]] a [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad|final assault]] on Morgoth, which ended in disaster for the Noldor and Fingon's own death, after a short rule. <br />
<br />
Fingon's brother '''[[Turgon]]''' succeeded Fingon nominally, but his kingship was titular at the least, as it was not possible for the "Hidden King" to rule from his [[Gondolin|Hidden City]], the location of which was unknown by even his own kin. That was until Gondolin's location was discovered by Morgoth through the treachery of [[Maeglin]].<br />
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Following Turgon's death in the [[Fall of Gondolin]], there were no more extant Noldorin realms in Beleriand; the Kingship passed to the [[House of Finarfin]]. The son of [[Orodreth]], the young '''[[Gil-galad|Ereinon Gil-galad]]''', was named High King at the [[Havens of Sirion]] once news of Turgon's death had spread.<ref>{{S|23}}</ref> Seeing the end of the [[War of the Jewels]], Gil-galad held the Kingship throughout the [[Second Age]], longer than any of his forebears. <br />
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===In the Westlands===<br />
After the cataclysmic [[War of Wrath]] that ended the [[First Age]], the surviving [[Noldor]] who did not depart for the [[Undying Lands]] established the realms of [[Lindon]] and later [[Eregion]] in northwestern Middle-earth. In Lindon, Gil-galad was acknowledged as the "High King of the Elves of the West".<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> He was the chief enemy of [[Sauron]] in the [[Dark Years]], at the end of which he appointed Elrond as his vice-regent in [[Eriador]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> He formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] with [[Elendil]], being the commander of almost all of the Elven forces who fought in that [[War of the Last Alliance|War]].<ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref> and died during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] at the end of the [[Second Age]]. <br />
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Gil-galad was the last High King for he fathered no children; however, the line of the High-elven kings, including the High Kingship of the Noldor, was alone preserved in the descendants of [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref><br />
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==List of High Kings==<br />
<!--Please don't add Finwe and Feanor on this list; they aren't mentioned as "High Kings" in the published silmarillion. --><br />
#'''[[Fingolfin]]''' (ruled from {{FA|7}} - {{FA|456|n}})<br />
# '''[[Fingon]]''' (ruled from {{FA|456}} - {{FA|472|n}})<br />
# '''[[Turgon]]''' (ruled from {{FA|472}} - {{FA|510|n}})<br />
# '''[[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]''' (ruled from {{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}})<br />
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==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Gil-galad is said to be the son of Fingon.<ref>{{S|18}}</ref> However, in some of Tolkien's later notes, Gil-galad is said to be the son of Orodreth and thus a junior member of the [[House of Finarfin]],<ref>{{PM|XI5}}</ref> and Turgon's closest living relative in the male line (excluding the dispossessed House of Fëanor). Turgon's claim to the title of High King would be [[Gil-galad#Parentage|problematic]] if Gil-galad were descended from Fingon, but the issue is resolved through descent from Orodreth, which may explain the change.<br />
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==See also==<br />
*For other and earlier rulers of the Noldor, see [[King of the Noldor]].<br />
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{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Noldor]]<br />
[[Category:Elven Titles]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Middle-earth]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]<br />
[[de:Hoher König der Noldor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/haut_roi_des_noldor]]<br />
[[fi:Noldorin Korkea Kuningas]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Kings_of_Cardolan&diff=323978Kings of Cardolan2020-11-29T17:35:19Z<p>Tengwar: I'm gonna be working on the Cardolan and this redirect is necessary because of its non-canon nature</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Cardolan]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lord_of_Eregion&diff=323955Lord of Eregion2020-11-28T20:03:30Z<p>Tengwar: A redirect to Celebrimbor is necessary since he is the only bearer of the title. As is King of Gondolin and Turgon. And Lord of Rivendell for Elrond.</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Celebrimbor]]<br />
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[[Category:Elven Titles]]</div>Tengwarhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Eregion&diff=323954Eregion2020-11-28T20:01:56Z<p>Tengwar: Removed some made-up titles and made a few small edits for clarity</p>
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<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Poole - Eregion.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Eregion<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Hollin<br />
| location=The far southeast of [[Eriador]], directly to the west of [[Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| capital=[[Ost-in-Edhil]]<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Elves of Eregion]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=[[Lord of Eregion]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Foundation<br />
| event1date={{SA|750}}<br />
| event2=Three Rings made<br />
| event2date={{SA|1590}}<br />
| event3=Destroyed<br />
| event3date={{SA|1697}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=[[Rivendell]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Eregion''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[eˈreɡjon]}}) or '''Hollin''' was a realm of the [[Noldor]] in [[Eriador]] during the [[Second Age]], located near the [[Walls of Moria]], under the shadow of the [[Misty Mountains]]. It was the only lasting Noldorin realm outside [[Lindon]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
===Foundation===<br />
After the end of the [[First Age]], most of the [[Noldor]] who remained in [[Middle-earth]] dwelt in [[Lindon]] under the rule of [[Gil-galad]], their [[High King of the Noldor|High King]].<ref name=rings/> After some seven centuries, [[Celebrimbor]], the grandson of [[Fëanor]], chose to depart from Lindon and passed eastward, drawn by the promise of mithril in the mines of the Dwarves. Many Elves followed [[Celebrimbor]] and founded the realm of Eregion.<ref name="AppB1">{{App|B1}}</ref> Its capital, [[Ost-in-Edhil]], was founded in {{SA|750}}.<ref name="AppB1"/> It was at this time that [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]] travelled from [[Lake Nenuial]] and settled in Eregion for a while.<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><br />
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The Elves of Eregion lived in harmony and trading freely with the [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] civilization of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. A high road ran from Ost-in-Edhil to Khazad-dûm, and an unprecedented friendship between the two races began in that time.<ref name=rings/> Within Eregion, an important society or guild of craftsmen emerged with Celebrimbor as its leader: these were the ''[[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]'', "the People of the Jewel-smiths", and their work was said to be the greatest since the time of [[Fëanor]].<ref name=rings/><br />
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===Creation of the Rings===<br />
{{main|Rings of Power}}<br />
In {{SA|1200}}, the Elves of Eregion became friends with [[Sauron]], under the guise of [[Annatar]], the "Lord of Gifts".<ref name="AppB1"/> After "[[Annatar]]" taught and assisted the [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]] with creating the [[Rings of Power]], he left Eregion. Celebrimbor's smiths proceeded then to forge [[Three Rings|Three]] more on their own with the knowledge already gained from him. Their forging was completed by around {{SA|1590}}.<ref name="AppB1"/> Annatar didn't learn about them, and they were "unsullied", free from Sauron's corrupting influence.<br />
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When Sauron created the [[One Ring]] in {{SA|1600}}, the Elves who wore the Rings of Power heard his voice and realised they had been deceived.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB1"/> In {{SA|1693}}, Celebrimbor sent his three rings away for safekeeping: he gave [[Nenya]] to [[Galadriel]] in [[Lothlórien]], who advised him to send the other two to [[Lindon]], away from Sauron, so he gave [[Vilya]] to [[Gil-galad]] and [[Narya]] to [[Círdan]].<ref name="rings"/><ref name="AppB1"/><br />
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===War and Destruction===<br />
{{main|War of the Elves and Sauron}}<br />
The Elves of Eregion did not stand alone against Sauron. From [[Lindon]], [[Gil-galad]] sent a force commanded by [[Elrond]] to lend them aid. Before Elrond could come to Eregion, the Dark Lord demanded that the Rings of Power be turned over to him, and when he was refused he brought his full force against Eregion.<ref name="Galadriel"/> In {{SA|1697}}, [[Ost-in-Edhil]] fell, with [[Celebrimbor]] himself leading a last desperate defence on the steps of the Jewel-smiths' [[House of the Mírdain|guild house]].<ref name="Galadriel"/> He was taken captive by the [[Orcs]], then shot through with Orc-arrows, and by some accounts, Sauron used Celebrimbor's body as a banner as he turned to face Elrond's army approaching from the north.<ref name="Galadriel"/><br />
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Sauron gathered up the Rings of Power that remained, and laid waste the land of Eregion, bringing an end to its people. The surviving Elves of Eregion seem to have scattered, as there are various accounts of their fates. Some fled northward to join Elrond's host, and that host was itself forced into retreat; some of these Elves of Eregion settled at [[Rivendell]] when Elrond founded it shortly afterwards.<ref name="Galadriel"/> They were joined there by others of their kind who had escaped into the [[Rhovanion|Wild]], and only later found their way to safety. Many of these people seem to have later abandoned [[Middle-earth]] and sailed into the [[West]].<ref name="Galadriel"/><br />
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==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Eregion.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Hollin.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
The name ''Eregion'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Land of Holly"<ref>{{UT|Index}}</ref> (the word ''[[ereg]]'' means "holly").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''ereg''</ref><br />
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''Hollin'' (from ''hollin-land'') is an old form, still used locally, of "[[holly]]"; the region abounded in holly-trees.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 772</ref><br />
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==In Other Versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' it is stated that "''[[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]] therefore went eastwards, about the year 700 of the Second Age, and established the (primarily but by no means solely) [[Noldor]]in realm of Eregion.''"<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> This contradicts the information published in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' which gives the founding of Eregion in the year 750.<ref name="AppB1">{{App|B1}}, entry "750"</ref> It is possible to reconcile the texts if 700 is seen as the year of their moving eastwards with 750 as the year of the foundation of Eregion; the canonicity of this, however, is unknown.<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Eregion|Images of Eregion]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
[[Category:Elven realms]]<br />
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[[de:Eregion]]<br />
[[fi:Paatsamala]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/houssaye]]</div>Tengwar