https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Gamling&feedformat=atomTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T13:55:22ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Northfarthing&diff=281474Northfarthing2015-09-26T02:37:46Z<p>Gamling: /* Geography */ Added a missing word and corrected a spelling error.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Northfarthing<br />
| othernames=<br />
| etymology=<br />
| type=Region<br />
| location=The Shire<br />
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]]<br />
| realms=The Shire<br />
| description=<br />
| events=[[Battle of Greenfields]]<br />
| references=<br />
|}}<br />
The '''Northfarthing''' was the cold northern [[Farthings|Farthing]] of [[the Shire]]. <br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
The Northfarthing is the only one of the four farthings that doesn't end in the [[Three-Farthing Stone]]; its southernmost point lay about eleven miles north of it<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref> and along its northern border were the high [[North Moors]].<ref>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> <br />
<br />
It had fresh and fragrant air; when [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] entered [[Ithilien]] for the first time, the air of the region reminded them of the uplands of the Northfarthing.<ref>{{TT|IV4}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The North Moors was the only place in the Shire where heavy snow was common.<ref>{{FR|II3}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Geographic Features===<br />
The farthing contains [[Bindbole Wood]], a river (perhaps the [[Norbourn]]), and the [[Northway]] Road that led to the town of [[Oatbarton]].<br />
<br />
Northfarthing was rocky, and settlements like [[Hardbottle]] were delved in or made from its stones.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 771</ref><br />
<br />
A branch of the [[Took Family]] called the [[North-took Family|North-tooks]] lived in a town called [[Long Cleeve]].<ref>{{App|Took}}</ref> Given the reference to the north (when most Tooks lived in the [[Westfarthing]]), Long Cleeve was probably located in the Northfarthing.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The only notable historic event that ever occurred in the Northfarthing was the [[Battle of Greenfields]] ({{TA|2747}}).<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> It was the only battle fought with the boundaries of the Shire until the [[Battle of Bywater]].<br />
<br />
Around the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Halfred Gamgee]] removed to Northfarthing.<ref>{{App|Gamgee}}</ref><br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Regions of the Shire]]<br />
[[de:Nordviertel]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/comte/quartier_nord]]<br />
[[fi:Pohjoisneljännys]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Overhill&diff=280636Overhill2015-09-19T05:09:30Z<p>Gamling: Added Other Versions information</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Overhill''' was a small village in the [[Westfarthing]], to the north of [[Hobbiton]] and [[Hobbiton Hill|The Hill]], marking the end of the short road that ran past [[Bag End]] and [[Bagshot Row]].<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref> Though the [[Boffin Family]] was generally associated with [[The Yale]] in the [[Eastfarthing]] of [[the Shire]], there was at least one Boffin who lived in Overhill: an apparently well-to-do [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] who employed [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam's]] cousin [[Halfast Gamgee|Halfast]].<ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==<br />
On the original map of the Shire, Overhill was named "Northope".<ref>{{PM|Trees}}, ''Boffin of the Yale''</ref>.<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages of the Shire]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Olog-hai&diff=280635Olog-hai2015-09-19T04:56:36Z<p>Gamling: Added references</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Ben Wootten - Olog Hai.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Ben Wootten]] - ''Olog-hai'']]<br />
The '''Olog-hai''' were a fierce race of [[Trolls]]. They only spoke [[Sauron]]'s [[Black Speech]], and it is possible they only existed because Sauron's evil will empowered them.<ref name=Other>{{App|Other}}</ref> They were bred by Sauron from an unknown stock, though it's suggested that they could be corruptions of some primitive human types.<ref>{{MR|P5IX}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Olog-hai appeared at the end of the [[Third Age]] in southern [[Mirkwood]] and in the mountainous borders of [[Mordor]]. <br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], Sauron used Olog-hai in the [[Siege of Gondor]] and [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. In the subsequent [[Battle of the Morannon]], the hobbit [[Peregrin Took]] killed a large troll, which may have been an Olog.<ref name=Gate>{{RK|V10}}</ref> As a result of Sauron's ring being destroyed, the [[Black Gate]] and the rest of [[Mordor]] collapsed to ruin during that battle. Most of the Trolls present at the battle were killed, with a very few escaping. <br />
<br />
==Appearance==<br />
The Olog-hai had none of the old Troll vulnerabilities: they were very intelligent and able to endure the [[Sun]]. For this reason they were seen by some to be giant [[Orcs]] (though surpassing even the [[Uruk-hai]] in size and power), but they were definitely of Troll stock.<ref name=Other/><br />
<br />
The Olog-hai that fought in the War were described as being taller than a man, and covered in horny scales, carrying hammers and bucklers in their claws.<ref name=Gate/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Olog-hai'' is a term out of the [[Black Speech]]. ''[[Olog]]'' means "troll" and ''[[hai]]'' (as in ''[[Uruk-hai]]'') means "folk".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/orkish.htm|articlename=Orkish and the Black Speech|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=13 March 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==<br />
The original name for these creatures (in the fourth draft of [[Appendix F]]) was ''Horg-hai'', which was changed to ''Olg-hai'' before finally appearing as ''Olog-hai'' in the published text.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Black Trolls.jpg|thumb|''Black Trolls'' by [[Angus McBride]]]]<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: Olog-hai, also called ''Black Trolls'', were bred by Sauron from lesser Troll stock. They are nine to eleven feet in height, and have black, scaly hides. They appear much earlier in history than Tolkien indicated, as early as the wars with [[Angmar]].<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>{{ICE|2000}}</ref><ref>{{ICE|2012}}</ref> Individual Olog-hai include the warlord Rogrog of Angmar<ref>{{ICE|2018}}</ref>, Umagaur<ref name=ICE2011/> and Lugronk<ref name=ICE2011>{{ICE|2011}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Olog-hai were shown as the shock troops in the [[Siege of Gondor]], sporting armor and the famed war hammers alluded to in the appendices. These Olog-hai were not shown talking in any speech other than grunts. They differ from the other Trolls depicted in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|Peter Jackson's ''The Lord of the Rings'']] in that they have more forward-facing eyes as well as hair on their bodies, suggesting that they are a more advanced form of Troll. They are usually gray to black in color. They have twenty-four teeth. Their eyes are also bright orange, showing their evil connection with Sauron.<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Trolls]]<br />
[[de:Olog-hai]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/olog-hai]]<br />
[[fi:Olog-hai]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Araman&diff=270560Araman2015-06-17T01:06:30Z<p>Gamling: Added location infobox and information</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location<br />
| image= <br />
| name=Araman<br />
| othernames=<br />
| etymology=<br />
| type=Region<br />
| location=Northeast of [[Aman]]<br />
| inhabitants=None<br />
| realms=None<br />
| description=Cold mountainous wasteland<br />
| events=[[Doom of Mandos]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Araman''' was the northern coastland of [[Aman]], north of [[Valinor]], that lay outside the mountain-fence of the [[Pelóri]]. It was deserted, mountainous and frozen because of its neighbouring with [[Helcaraxë]] which joined it with [[Beleriand]], and this was the way [[Morgoth|Melkor]] (passing through [[Oiomúrë]]), and later the [[Noldor]] took into Exile. In Araman the host of the Noldor heard the [[Doom of Mandos]], delivered by a dark figure standing upon a high rock. Upon hearing the prophecy the host divided, with the followers of [[Fëanor]] pressing onward while those of [[Finarfin]] turned back. Later, when Fëanor and his kin burnt their ships at [[Losgar]], [[Fingolfin]] in Araman knew that he had been betrayed and that their only course was to march across the Helcaraxë.<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Araman'' is [[Quenya]] for "outside Aman", consisting of ''[[Ar#Quenya|ar]]'' + ''[[Aman#Etymology|Aman]]''.<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''ar-'' and ''mān-''</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/qlist.htm|articlename=Quenya Corpus Wordlist|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=16 February 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Aman]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Araman]]<br />
[[fi:Araman]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/aman/araman]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=One-handed&diff=270156One-handed2015-06-07T19:48:54Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Ted Nasmith - Lúthien Tends Beren's Wound.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Lúthien Tends Beren's Wound'']]<br />
<br />
'''One-hand''' was a title and surname given to [[Beren]] son of [[Barahir]], an English translation of [[Sindarin]] ''Erchamion''<sup>1</sup> and [[Quenya]] ''Erkambo''. It derives from his encounter with the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] before the gates of [[Angband]]. Beren and [[Lúthien]] had recovered one of the [[Silmarils]] from [[Iron Crown|Morgoth's Crown]], and were escaping with the Jewel when Carcharoth barred their way. Beren held up the holy Jewel in the hope of cowing the wolf, but instead Carcharoth took his right hand, still clasping the Silmaril. Because it was blessed by [[Varda]] herself, the Silmaril seared the innards of the creature of Morgoth, and it fled in agony. <br />
<br />
Meanwhile, Beren's wound brought him close to death, but [[Thorondor]] and his [[Eagles]] plucked Beren and Lúthien out of danger and away to safety. The lost Silmaril would eventually be recovered in the [[Hunting of the Wolf]], but in tales Beren was known ever afterwards as Beren One-hand.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
# It appeared as such in the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'', although forms Erchammon and Erchamon are also found. <br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category: Epithets]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Barrow-downs&diff=270063Barrow-downs2015-06-05T04:52:11Z<p>Gamling: Added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the location in [[Middle-earth]]|website|[[barrowdowns.com]]}}<br />
{{Location<br />
| image=[[Image:Paul_Raymond_Gregory_-_Fog_on_the_Barrow_Downs.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Barrow Downs<br />
| type=Hills<br />
| location=Central [[Eriador]], borders the Old Forest<br />
| inhabitants=[[Men]], then [[Barrow-wights]]<br />
| realms=[[Arnor]]<br/>[[Cardolan]]<br/>[[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| description=<br />
| othernames=''Tyrn Gorthad''<br />
| etymology=<br />
| events=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]<br />
| references=<br />
}}<br />
'''Barrow-downs''' or '''''Tyrn Gorthad''''' were a series of low hills east of [[the Shire]], behind the [[Old Forest]], and southwest of the village of [[Bree]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> Many of the hills were crowned with megaliths and [[barrows]], whence their name.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Barrow-downs were first inhabited by [[Men]] related to the [[Edain]] in the [[First Age]],<ref>{{UT|Index}}, ''Barrow-downs''</ref> together with the [[Hills of Evendim]] to the north. They fled east as [[Easterlings]] invaded [[Eriador]] and passed on to [[Beleriand]], but after these had left or been killed in the [[War of Wrath]] the Edain returned to their old homes.<br />
<br />
During the [[Second Age]] they were fairly numerous, and when they met with the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]]s the Barrow-downs were the first places where the [[Dúnedain]] emigrees from [[Númenor]] settled.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref> The Downs were revered because of theιρ Great Barrows. When [[Elendil]] returned to [[Middle-earth]], the Barrow-downs were incorporated in the kingdom of [[Arnor]]. <br />
<br />
After the split of Arnor in {{TA|861}} the Barrow-downs became the capital of [[Cardolan]]. After [[Rhudaur]] fell to [[Angmar]] in {{TA|1409|n}}, the Dúnedain of Cardolan entrenched themselves here, but eventually the realm fell. Around {{TA|1636}}<ref name=TA>{{App|TA}}</ref> the [[Witch-king]] sent the [[Barrow-wights]] that haunted the hills,<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref> preventing any resettlement; after [[Arthedain]] once again claimed the kingship over all of Arnor the Dúnedain tried to recolonize Cardolan, but this failed because of the Barrow-wights.<br />
<br />
When the [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]] came north in their hunt for [[the One Ring]], the [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]] stayed in the Barrow-downs for a few days, rousing the Barrow-wights.<ref>{{UT|Hunt}}</ref> On [[28 September]] {{TA|3018|n}}<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> [[Frodo Baggins]] and company were trapped in the downs by a wight, probably in the same [[uncommon words|cairn]] which held the grave of the last prince of [[Cardolan]]. They were rescued by [[Tom Bombadil]], and there got their [[Daggers_of_Westernesse|swords]].<ref>{{FR|I8}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
In topography, a "down" is a low-lying hill, from the [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] ''dún'' meaning "hill".<ref name="ASD">Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller, "[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/008106 DÚN]" at ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'' (accessed 12 October 2010)</ref> In the [[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], a [[wikipedia:Downland|down]] is a gently-rolling chalk hill in Southern [[wikipedia:England|England]] (seen especially in the [[wikipedia:North Downs|North]] and [[wikipedia:South Downs|South Downs]]).<ref name="OD">[http://oxforddictionaries.com/ Oxford Dictionaries], "[http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0241750?rskey=YT9je8&result=4#m_en_gb0241750 down]" (accessed 12 October 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
A "barrow" (or "berrow"; from English beorg, berg, 'hill, mound') not to be confused with the wheeled vehicle, is a tumulus or other prehistoric grave-mound.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 766</ref><br />
<br />
The name therefore would represent an earlier [[Old English]] form ''Beorga Dune'' "downs of barrows".<ref name=etym>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=http://groups.yahoo.com/group/elfling/message/121|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''''Tyrn Gorthad''''' was the [[Sindarin]] name of the Barrow-downs. ''Tyrn Gorthad'' is a compound of ''[[torn]]'' ("down") and ''[[gorthad]]'' ("of buried").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 116</ref> In one manuscript, the name ''Tyrn Goerthaid'' was used by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]].<ref>{{PM|VII}}</ref> ''Goerthaid'' seems to be the [[Sindarin#Plural|plural]] of ''gorthad'' with [[lenition|lenited]] vowels.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Hobbits' passage through the Barrow-downs is represented by a respective level.<br />
<br />
[[File:Barrow-downs.jpg|thumb|View of the Barrow-downs at night (''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'').]]<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Barrow-downs are a divided into North and South Barrows, depicted as a series of mounds crowned with megaliths. The region is inhabited by wights, recently stirred by the passage of the [[Nazgul]]. The largest and oldest barrow is called [[Othrongroth]].<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
<!--Add image--><br />
:After [[Halbarad]] sends [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] to warn [[Aragorn]] in Bree, the three heroes travel through the Barrow-downs as a short cut.<ref>[http://www.oxmonline.com/ Offical Xbox Magazine Online], [http://www.oxmonline.com/article/previews/g-l/lord-rings-war-north The Lord of the Rings: War in the North], dated [[28 April]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> On their way, they have to save two Dunedain Rangers named Luin and Kilaran. In the whole level fog hangs above the ground.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com The Lord of the Rings: War in the North's Official Site], [http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos Videos], The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Dev video: Art Direction Process, dated [[11 May]], [[2011]] (accessed [[14 September]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Arnor]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Hills]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Graves and tombs]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Hügelgräberhöhen (Eriador)]]<br />
[[fi:Hautakerot]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/eriador/hauts_des_galgals]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Barrow-downs&diff=270062Barrow-downs2015-06-05T04:10:31Z<p>Gamling: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Sources}}<br />
{{disambig-two|the location in [[Middle-earth]]|website|[[barrowdowns.com]]}}<br />
{{Location<br />
| image=[[Image:Paul_Raymond_Gregory_-_Fog_on_the_Barrow_Downs.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Barrow Downs<br />
| type=Hills<br />
| location=Central [[Eriador]], borders the Old Forest<br />
| inhabitants=[[Men]], then [[Barrow-wights]]<br />
| realms=[[Arnor]]<br/>[[Cardolan]]<br/>[[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| description=<br />
| othernames=''Tyrn Gorthad''<br />
| etymology=<br />
| events=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]<br />
| references=<br />
}}<br />
'''Barrow-downs''' or '''''Tyrn Gorthad''''' were a series of low hills east of [[the Shire]], behind the [[Old Forest]], and southwest of the village of [[Bree]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> Many of the hills were crowned with megaliths and [[barrows]], whence their name.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Barrow-downs were first inhabited by [[Men]] related to the [[Edain]] in the [[First Age]], together with the [[Hills of Evendim]] to the north. They fled east as [[Easterlings]] invaded [[Eriador]] and passed on to [[Beleriand]], but after these had left or been killed in the [[War of Wrath]] the Edain returned to their old homes.<br />
<br />
During the [[Second Age]] they were fairly numerous, and when they met with the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]]s the Barrow-downs were the first places where the [[Dúnedain]] emigrees from [[Númenor]] settled. The Downs were revered because of theιρ Great Barrows. When [[Elendil]] returned to [[Middle-earth]], the Barrow-downs were incorporated in the kingdom of [[Arnor]]. <br />
<br />
After the split of Arnor the Barrow-downs became the capital of [[Cardolan]]. After [[Rhudaur]] fell to [[Angmar]] in {{TA|1409}}, the Dúnedain of Cardolan entrenched themselves here, but eventually the realm fell. Around {{TA|1636}}<ref>{{HM|Guide}}</ref> the [[Witch-king]] sent the [[Barrow-wights]] that haunted the hills, preventing any resettlement; after [[Arthedain]] once again claimed the kingship over all of Arnor the Dúnedain tried to recolonize Cardolan, but this failed because of the Barrow-wights.<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]] [[Frodo Baggins]] and company were trapped in the downs by a wight, probably in the same [[uncommon words|cairn]] which held the grave of the last prince of [[Cardolan]]. They were rescued by [[Tom Bombadil]], and there got their [[Daggers_of_Westernesse|swords]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
In topography, a "down" is a low-lying hill, from the [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] ''dún'' meaning "hill".<ref name="ASD">Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller, "[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/008106 DÚN]" at ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'' (accessed 12 October 2010)</ref> In the [[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], a [[wikipedia:Downland|down]] is a gently-rolling chalk hill in Southern [[wikipedia:England|England]] (seen especially in the [[wikipedia:North Downs|North]] and [[wikipedia:South Downs|South Downs]]).<ref name="OD">[http://oxforddictionaries.com/ Oxford Dictionaries], "[http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0241750?rskey=YT9je8&result=4#m_en_gb0241750 down]" (accessed 12 October 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
A "barrow" (or "berrow"; from English beorg, berg, 'hill, mound') not to be confused with the wheeled vehicle, is a tumulus or other prehistoric grave-mound.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 766</ref><br />
<br />
The name therefore would represent an earlier [[Old English]] form ''Beorga Dune'' "downs of barrows".<ref name=etym>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=http://groups.yahoo.com/group/elfling/message/121|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''''Tyrn Gorthad''''' was the [[Sindarin]] name of the Barrow-downs. ''Tyrn Gorthad'' is a compound of ''[[torn]]'' ("down") and ''[[gorthad]]'' ("of buried").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 116</ref> In one manuscript, the name ''Tyrn Goerthaid'' was used by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]].<ref>{{PM|VII}}</ref> ''Goerthaid'' seems to be the [[Sindarin#Plural|plural]] of ''gorthad'' with [[lenition|lenited]] vowels.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Hobbits' passage through the Barrow-downs is represented by a respective level.<br />
<br />
[[File:Barrow-downs.jpg|thumb|View of the Barrow-downs at night (''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'').]]<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Barrow-downs are a divided into North and South Barrows, depicted as a series of mounds crowned with megaliths. The region is inhabited by wights, recently stirred by the passage of the [[Nazgul]]. The largest and oldest barrow is called [[Othrongroth]].<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
<!--Add image--><br />
:After [[Halbarad]] sends [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] to warn [[Aragorn]] in Bree, the three heroes travel through the Barrow-downs as a short cut.<ref>[http://www.oxmonline.com/ Offical Xbox Magazine Online], [http://www.oxmonline.com/article/previews/g-l/lord-rings-war-north The Lord of the Rings: War in the North], dated [[28 April]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> On their way, they have to save two Dunedain Rangers named Luin and Kilaran. In the whole level fog hangs above the ground.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com The Lord of the Rings: War in the North's Official Site], [http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos Videos], The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Dev video: Art Direction Process, dated [[11 May]], [[2011]] (accessed [[14 September]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
*<small>{{HM|FR}}</small><br />
[[Category:Arnor]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Hills]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Graves and tombs]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Hügelgräberhöhen (Eriador)]]<br />
[[fi:Hautakerot]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/eriador/hauts_des_galgals]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lebennin&diff=269388Lebennin2015-06-01T00:25:45Z<p>Gamling: Added references</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Lori Deitrick - Men of Lebennin.png|thumb|[[Lori Deitrick]] - ''Men of Lebennin'']]<br />
'''Lebennin''' was a region and fiefdom in southern [[Gondor]] south of the [[Ered Nimrais]] between the [[Gilrain]] and the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{RK|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
Known as ''Fair Lebennin of the Five Streams'', referring to the [[Five Rivers of Lebennin]], it was one of the faithful fiefs of Gondor. Its largest city was [[Pelargir]].<br />
<br />
Lebennin was largely populated by [[Men]] of mixed blood, as many Men of Lebennin traced their ancestry to the forgotten 'Men of the Mountains' that had been displaced from the [[White Mountains]] by the [[Númenor|Númenóreans]].<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], Lebennin did not send many Men to the aid of [[Minas Tirith]] as it was under attack by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]].<ref>{{RK|V1}}</ref> Lebennin was rescued by [[Aragorn]] and the [[Oathbreakers|Dead Men]] of [[Dunharrow]].<ref>{{RK|V9}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Lebennin'' means "five rivers" in [[Sindarin]], consisting of ''[[leben]]'' ("five") + ''[[nen|nin]]'' ("rivers").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 274 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref><ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 95</ref><ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names#l Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com/ Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 27 June 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: Lebennin is the most populous province in Southern Gondor. Its capital is Pelargir, and other landmarks in the region include Fanuilond (town), Glinduin (river) and Serni (river).<ref>{{ICE|2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''<br />
: Lebennin is a region which links to Anórien, Belfalas, Lamedon, and the Mouths of the Anduin. "Men of Lebennin" is a Man Faction, playable at the site Pelargir.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Celegorm&diff=269387Celegorm2015-05-31T23:58:20Z<p>Gamling: Added information, made the references inline</p>
<hr />
<div>{{noldor infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Celegorm.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Celegorm<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Celegorm the Fair,<br/>''[[Turcafinwë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]),<br/>''[[Tyelkormo]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Himlad]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth=after {{YT|1190}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{FA|506}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Sack of Doriath]]: [[Menegroth]]<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Fëanor]]<br />
| parentage=[[Fëanor]] & [[Nerdanel]]<br />
| siblings=[[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Fair<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=Sword, spear and bow<br />
| steed=[[Huan]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Celegorm the Fair''' was the third son of [[Fëanor]] and [[Nerdanel]],<ref name=Eldamar>{{S|Eldamar}}</ref> and a constant companion of his younger brother, [[Curufin]].<br />
<br />
Celegorm was a great huntsman, and was a friend of the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Oromë]]. From Oromë he learned great skill of birds and beasts, and could understand a number of their languages.<ref name=Eldamar/> He had brought with him from [[Valinor]] the great hound [[Huan]], a gift from Oromë.<ref name=Beren>{{S|Beren}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
As with the other [[Sons of Fëanor]], Celegorm was bound by his father's [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]] to recover the [[Silmarils]], which had been stolen by the Dark Lord [[Morgoth]].<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref> This oath caused him and his brothers to follow Fëanor back to [[Middle-earth]]. Upon arrival, and before the rising of the [[Moon]], Celegorm was the one who heard news of [[Orcs]] descending through the [[Vale of Sirion]] to attack [[Círdan]] in the [[Havens of the Falas]]. Celegrom led part of the Elven-host that fell upon the Orcs near the [[Eithel Sirion]] and drove them into the [[Fen of Serech]].<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref><br />
<br />
Celegorm dwelt with his brother Curufin in [[Himlad]] and fortified [[Aglon]], a pass that led northeast into [[Lothlann]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> However, in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] in {{FA|455}} the two brothers were defeated and had to flee with their people<ref>{{GA|148}}</ref> to [[Nargothrond]], where their cousin [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] welcomed them.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><br />
[[File:Tuuliky - Tyelkormo and Curufinwe.jpg|thumb|left|Tuuliky - ''Tyelkormo and Curufinwe'']]<br />
In {{FA|465|n}},<ref>{{GA|181}}</ref> while he and his brother Curufin lived in Nargothrond they almost took it over at the departure of Finrod Felagund. They captured [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], daughter of King [[Thingol]] of Doriath. Celegorm wished to marry her, thus forcing a bond of kinship with Thingol. Huan, however, broke with his master and helped Lúthien escape. He was expelled from Nargothrond with his brother at the order of [[Orodreth]].<ref name=Beren/><br />
<br />
Because of the deeds of Celegorm and Curufin, in {{FA|468|n}} Orodreth refused to join the [[Union of Maedhros]]<ref>{{GA|212}}</ref> before the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
Celegorm fell in the [[Second Kinslaying]] in {{FA|506|n}},<ref>{{WJ|Years}}</ref> when the [[Sons of Fëanor]] attacked Doriath to seize a Silmaril in the possession of the Elvish King [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]]. Dior and Celegorm slew each other in the halls of [[Menegroth]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
Celegorm's [[father-name]] was '''''[[Turcafinwë]]''''', which in [[The Shibboleth of Feanor]] is translated as "Strong, powerful(in body) Finwë". His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''''[[Tyelkormo]]''''', meaning "Hasty-riser" a reference to his quick temper. ''[[Tyelka]]'', in [[Quenya]], is an adjective which means "swift, agile or hasty".<ref>{{PM|Feanor}}</ref> The name Celegorm is the [[Sindarin]] version of his [[Amilessë|mother-name]]. The [[Sindarin]] ''[[celeg]]'' has the same meaning as tyelka, as they are both derived from the root ''kyelek''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''''KYELEK-'''''</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
Names shown in ''italics'' are females.<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]]| MIR=''[[Míriel]]''|FIN=[[Finwë]]|IND=''[[Indis]]''}}<br />
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=''[[Nerdanel]]''|FEA=[[Fëanor]]|FDS=''[[Findis]]''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]|IRM=''[[Írimë]]''|FRF=[[Finarfin]]}}<br />
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]]|MAG=[[Maglor]]|CEL='''CELEGORM'''|CAR=[[Caranthir]]|CUR=[[Curufin]]|AMD=[[Amrod]]|AMR=[[Amras]]}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
==See Also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Celegorm|Images of Celegorm]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Sons of Fëanor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Noldor]]<br />
[[de:Celegorm]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:celegorm]]<br />
[[fi:Celegorm]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Celon&diff=269350Celon2015-05-31T21:49:40Z<p>Gamling: Added an infobox, information, references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Celon<br />
| othernames=<br />
| etymology=<br />
| type=River<br />
| location=Northern part of [[East Beleriand]]<br />
| inhabitants=[[Orcs]], then [[Elves]]<br />
| realms=<br />
| description=Slender stream<br />
| events=<br />
| references=<br />
}}<br />
'''Celon''' was a tributary of the [[Aros]] that rose in the highlands around [[Himring]] and flowed southwestwards until it met the Aros on the southern borders of [[Doriath]]. The woods of [[Nan Elmoth]] lay on its southwestern bank, and the river marked the boundary between [[Himlad]] and [[Estolad]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> The Celon was not a great river and was referred to as a "slender stream".<ref>{{S|Maeglin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In the years of darkness before the [[return of the Noldor]] the [[Orcs]] of [[Morgoth]] established camps between Celon and [[Gelion]], from which they plundered widely throughout [[East Beleriand]].<ref>{{S|Sindar}}</ref> After the Noldor had returned they created new realms; on the north flank of the Celon [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]] established themselves in [[Himlad]] while to the south lay the domains of [[Amrod]] and [[Amros]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref><br />
<br />
When the people of [[Bëor]] came to Beleriand, [[Finrod Felagund]] advised them to gather and settle upon the east banks of the Celon. Thereafter the land was called [[Estolad]], which meant the "Encampment".<ref name=West>{{S|West}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the death of [[Haldad]] and the rescue of the [[Haladin]] by [[Caranthir]], the new leader, [[Haleth]], led her people to Estolad where they dwelt for a time. Later though she removed her people westward to the [[Forest of Brethil]].<ref name=West/><br />
<br />
After the [[Dagor Bragollach]] the Orcs returned, coming down the Celon to encompass Doriath.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Celon'' means the "stream flowing down from heights".<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Celon''</ref> The name was derived from ''et-kelē'', the "issue of water, spring".<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''kel-''</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Rivers]]<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Celon]]<br />
[[fi:Celon]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:eaux:beleriand:celon]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Melian&diff=268744Melian2015-05-29T06:00:08Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>{{expansion}}<br />
{{maiar infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - The Light of Valinor.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Melian<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=Queen of Doriath<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Doriath]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Vána]] and [[Estë]]<br />
| language=<br />
| birth=<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=[[Girdle of Melian]]<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=[[Thingol]]<br />
| children=[[Lúthien]]<br />
| gender=Female<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Dark<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=Red<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Melian''' the [[Maia]] was the wife of [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], mother of [[Lúthien]], and '''Queen of [[Doriath]]'''. <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Melian served [[Vana]] and [[Este]]. In [[Valinor]], she dwelt in the gardens of [[Lórien in Valinor|Lórien]] tending its trees; the song of [[nightingales]] followed her paces.<ref>{{S|IIc}}</ref><br />
<br />
She was said to be akin to [[Yavanna]] the Valie. She is associated with songbirds, and it is said she taught nightingales how to sing. <ref>{{S|4}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Elena Kukanova - Nan Elmoth - Elwe and Melian.jpg|thumb|left|Elena Kukanova - ''Nan Elmoth - Elwe and Melian'']]<br />
Melian journeyed often to [[Middle-earth]] for she loved the deep shadows of trees and forests, back in the time of the [[Great March]] when the [[Eldar]] marched into the [[Aman|West]]. There, in the woods of [[Nan Elmoth]], she came upon [[Elwë Singollo]] of the people of the [[Teleri]]. Elwe was entranced and fell into a swoon at the sight of the Maia Melian and the two of them stood hand in hand unable to move or speak for years while the trees grew around them. As a result of his absence, a portion of his followers stayed behind to search for him, while the rest continued on to [[Valinor]]. <br />
<br />
Melian and Thingol recovered and gathered the Elves who stayed behind to look for Elwe, who were named [[Eglath]]. They founded the kingdom of [[Eglador]] in and ruled as King and Queen of all the Elves in [[Beleriand]]. Melian was the only known [[Ainur|Ainu]] who coupled with one of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], and she begot a child, [[Lúthien|Lúthien Tinúviel]], who was the fairest of the Children to have ever lived. She married the Man [[Beren|Beren Erchamion]], and as a result, Melian's Maian blood was passed on to both [[Elves]] and [[Men]].<br />
<br />
When war with the Great Enemy, [[Morgoth]], came to their land, she used her powers to guard and defend it with a protection called ''List Melian'', or "the [[Girdle of Melian]]" and their kingdom was known as [[Doriath]], the Land of the Fence. This prevented anyone less powerful than Melian from entering the kingdom. However, with the foresight of a Maia, she predicted that one day someone more powerful would be able to enter. When Beren arrived as foretold, she counseled King Thingol against sending Beren to search for a [[Silmaril]], which would eventually lead to Doriath's ruin. This was one of many instances in which she proved, through her wisdom and powers of foresight, to be wiser than her husband, and an effective queen of her land. The great evil wolf [[Carcharoth]] also passed the Girdle, as the power of the Silmaril let him. <br />
<br />
In Doriath she also became a friend and tutor of [[Galadriel]] to whom she taught the art of [[lembas]]-baking which she knew from her mistress, Yavanna. After the departure of Lúthien and Beren, she aided Túrin and his mother and sister. She provided [[Beleg]] with some way-bread, [[lembas]], showing great favor because never before lembas was given to a Man and seldom it was again. But she also foresaw his doom in his quest for [[Túrin]]. When [[Húrin]] returned, she was the one to lift the spell of Morgoth from him.<br />
<br />
Thingol's arrogance eventually resulted to his death in the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves]]. She then vanished from the mortal lands, passing to Valinor, where she mourned the loss of her husband in the [[Halls of Mandos]] and her daughter to the unknown fate of the [[Gift of Men]]. <br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Melian.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Melyanna.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
'''Melian''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈmeljan]}}) in [[Sindarin]] means ''Dear gift''. Her [[Quenya]] name was '''Melyanna''' (pron. {{IPA|[meˈʎanːa]}}; from ''mel,'' "love" and ''anna,'' "gift").<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''mel-''</ref> She was also called ''[[Tóril]]'' meaning "Queen".<br />
<br />
== Other Versions ==<br />
In the early [[legendarium]] Melian is defined as a fay, making her somewhat more sinister than in her later appearance. This version of her is presented in '''The Tale of Tinúviel''', Tolkien's first story of Beren and Lúthien, which was written in archaic english and published in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''. In this work she appears in another later narrative, although her character is portrayed as being far weaker and more frail than Melian's final manifestation.<br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | |ELU|y|MEL| |BEO| | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL='''MELIAN'''|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | |:| | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |LUT|~|y|~|BER| | | |LUT=[[Lúthien]]|BER=[[Beren]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | |DIO|y|NIM| | |DIO=[[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree |EAR|y|ELW| |ELD| |ELN|EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree |ERD| |ERS| | | | | | | | |ERD=[[Elrond]]|ERS=[[Elros]]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Melian|Images of Melian]].<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2014/10/10/how-could-melian-have-children-if-the-valar-could-not/ How Could Melian have Children if the Valar Could Not?] by [[Michael Martinez]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Children of Húrin]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Melian]]<br />
[[fi:Melian]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Meduseld&diff=268740Meduseld2015-05-29T05:52:59Z<p>Gamling: Added information and references</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
[[File:Jef Murray - Meduseld.jpg|thumb|250px|''Meduseld'' by [[Jef Murray]]]]<br />
<br />
'''Meduseld''' was the great '''Golden Hall''' that stood upon a green terrace in [[Edoras]]. It was topped with a straw roof, which made it appear as if it was made out of gold when seen from far off. Its walls were richly decorated with tapestries depicting the history and legends of the [[Rohirrim]], and it served as a house for the King and his kin, a meeting hall for the King and his advisers, and a feast hall.<ref>{{TT|III6}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
After the [[Éothéod]] had settled in [[Rohan]], the [[Kings of Rohan|Second King of Rohan]], [[Brego]] son of [[Eorl]], built a great hall on top of the hill of Edoras. The hall was completed in {{TA|2569}}.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|2758|n}} the [[Dunlendings|Dunlending]] leader, [[Wulf]], took Edoras and Meduseld and proclaimed himself king. [[Helm Hammerhand]]'s son [[Haleth (son of Helm)|Haleth]] fell defending the doors of the great hall. Wulf was eventually overthrown by [[Fréaláf]], son of [[Hild]], in {{TA|2759|n}}.<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the late [[Third Age]], Meduseld was the home of King [[Théoden]].<ref>{{TT|III2}}</ref> On [[7 August]] {{TA|3019}} Théoden's body was brought to Meduseld<ref>{{RK|VI6}}</ref> where he lay until his funeral three days later.<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word ''Meduseld'', in the [[Old English]], means "Mead Hall" having a connotation of "Hall of feasts"; ''medu'' means "mead" but as a word it has connotations to "joy". <br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
In many ways Meduseld is inspired by [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] poetry, particularly ''[[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]]'', which contains the mead-hall [[Wikipedia:Heorot|Heorot]] — the "golden hall" of King [[Wikipedia:Hrothgar|Hrothgar]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John Garth]]|articleurl=http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2014/05/j-r-r-tolkien-beowulf-one-mans-passion-threshold-between-myth-and-reality|articlename=J R R Tolkien's Beowulf: one man's passion for the threshold between myth and reality|dated=29 May 2014|website=[http://www.newstatesman.com/ newstatesman.com]|accessed=29 May 2014}}</ref> The description of "the light of it shines far across the land" is one of the lines from this poem.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Buildings]]<br />
[[Category:Rohan]]<br />
[[de:Meduseld]]<br />
[[fi:Meduseld]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/rohan/meduseld]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Gondor&diff=268283Siege of Gondor2015-05-24T23:47:47Z<p>Gamling: Added an infobox, information, references; fixed spelling errors</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Siege of Gondor|[[Siege of Gondor (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{battle<br />
|image=[[Image:Stephen Hickman - Siege of Minas Tirith.jpg|300px]]<br />
|name=Siege of Gondor<br />
|conflict=[[War of the Ring]]<br />
|date=[[13 March]] - [[14 March]] {{TA|3019}}<br />
|place=[[Minas Tirith]] and fields of [[Pelennor]], [[Gondor]]<br />
|result=Siege broken by Gondor and Rohan<br />
|side1=[[Gondor]], [[Rohan]]<br />
|side2=[[Mordor]], [[Harad]], [[Rhûn]], [[Khand]]<br />
|commanders1=*[[Denethor]]<br />
*[[Gandalf]]<br />
*[[Faramir]]<br />
*[[Forlong]]<br />
*[[Imrahil]]<br />
*[[Hirluin]]<br />
*[[Théoden]]<br />
*[[Grimbold]]<br />
|commanders2=*The [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]]<br />
*[[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]]<br />
|forces1=Unknown total strength, approx. 17-18,000+ total from Gondor, its fiefs, and Rohan.<br />
|forces2=Unknown total strength, but vast numerical superiority to Gondor's forces in Minas Tirith, possibly over 75,000.<br />
|casual1=Heavy<br />
|casual2=Heavy<br />
}}<br />
The '''Siege of Gondor''', also known as the '''Siege of Minas Tirith''' after [[Gondor]]'s chief city, was a series of battles waged by [[Sauron]] aimed at the capture of [[Minas Tirith]], as part of the [[War of the Ring]]. The siege was broken by the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{main|War of the Ring}}<br />
<br />
===Prelude===<br />
For many years (since {{TA|2901}}) the land of [[Ithilien]] had been held by Sauron's forces, but he had not breached the [[Anduin]] to attack deeper into Gondor, biding his time as he marshaled his strength. In {{TA|3009|n}} [[Gollum]] was captured after he had ventured into [[Mordor]] and the Dark Lord learned that [[the One Ring]] was in [[the Shire]], a location unknown to Sauron. [[Gollum]] was released from Mordor in {{TA|3017|n}} and was soon taken by [[Aragorn]] in the [[Dead Marshes]].<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> His capture alarmed Sauron, causing him to send the [[Nazgûl]] out to hunt for the Ring.<ref name=Hunt>{{UT|Hunt}}</ref> In order to conceal their purpose, on [[20 June]] {{TA|3018|n}} the [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]] attacked [[Osgiliath]].<ref name=Great>{{App|Great}}</ref> Although the chief and secret purpose of the battle was to release the Nazgûl for the hunt, it also served to test [[Denethor]]'s strength and to destroy the bridge across the river.<ref name=Hunt/><br />
<br />
For months thereafter Sauron continued to amass his forces in Mordor.<ref>{{TT|IV4}}</ref> However, the deliberate pace of his preparations were thrown into turmoil on [[6 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}<ref name=Great/> when Aragorn looked into the [[Orthanc-stone]] and revealed himself, the heir of [[Isildur]], and [[Andúril]] to Sauron.<ref>{{RK|V2}}</ref> In response Sauron ordered all of his ready forces to immediately prepare to take the capital city of Gondor.<br />
<br />
[[Gandalf]] arrived with [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] at Minas Tirith on [[9 March]].<ref name=Great/> Most of the citizens were sent south and west, except those in the arts of healing and boys who refused to leave. The same day, 3,000 men from [[Belfalas]], [[Dol Amroth]] and other places arrived to assist the garrison. But, it was less then a tenth of what was needed. Most that were needed were holding off the Black Fleet of Umbar. As evening drew on darkness began flowing out of Mordor.<ref>{{RK|V1}}</ref><br />
<br />
On [[10 March]], [[the Dawnless Day]],<ref name=Great/> Gandalf saved [[Faramir]] as he was pursued closely by the Nazgul. Denethor, upon hearing the report of his son on the doings in [[Ithilien]], who allowed the Ring-Bearer go free, reprimanded him for his decision. He also did not share his son's opinion that Osgilith was a liability. Faramir accepted the dangerous, perhaps suicidal, charge of defending the ruined city and the [[Rammas Echor]], riding for Osgiliath.<ref name=Siege>{{RK|V4}}</ref> From the [[Morannon]] an army came forth, took [[Cair Andros]], and entered [[Anórien]]. In the evening a host issued from [[Minas Morgul]] and headed towards Osgiliath.<ref name=Great/><br />
<br />
=== Battles at Osgiliath and the Rammas Echor ===<br />
On the morning of [[11 March]]<ref name=Great/> the Lord of the Nazgûl led the assault upon the western side of Osgiliath. Many boats had been built in secret which allowed them to swiftly overwhelm the defenders, who despite their fierce defense, could only do minimal casualties to the forces arrayed against them. On [[12 March]]<ref name=Great/> Faramir retreated to the Rammas Echor. The wall did not hold long as the invaders blasted many breaches through the defenses. Gandalf, upon learning the Lord of the Nazgûl was on the field, went from the city to assist the beleaguered forces. On [[13 March]],<ref name=Great/> as Faramir retired to the city he fell wounded while battling against an Easterling champion. Only a charge by Prince [[Imrahil]] and the Knights of [[Dol Amroth]] saved him. As the defenders retreated to the city, a sortie of calvary sent out by Denethor scattered the pursuit and allowed them to come in unharried. Denethor, upon seeing his son wounded and unconscious, lost his will to fight and gave no more thought to the defense of his city.<ref name=Siege/><br />
<br />
=== The Siege ===<br />
The defenders of Minas Tirith watched all day on [[14 March]]<ref name=Great/> as the hosts of Mordor dug pits and set up siege weapons beyond their range. At first they mocked the supposed foolishness. But, as the Nazgul continued swooping near the city and uttering cries of death, their morale dropped. The Mordor host then used their siege engines to launch stones at the city, many of which burst into flame as they came crashing down. Then, the heads of all those that had been slain in battle were flung over the city. The whole first level was soon in flames.<br />
<br />
Seeing that the defenders' will was already broken, near midnight the Lord of the Nazgûl launched his assault upon the city. Swathes of defenders fled to the higher levels, but enough stayed at their posts that many attackers were killed trying to reach the walls. Most of the siege towers were also destroyed as they rolled forward. <br />
<br />
The hardest thrust was made against the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith|Great Gate]]. The Witch-king rode beside the battering ram [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]]. When it began to strike the gate, the Witch-King cried spells that reinforced it and weakened the gate; in only three strikes the gate was broken. All fled but Gandalf. The Lord of the Nazgûl rode through the gate to challenge the wizard. But in this moment the winds began to blow away the clouds Sauron had gathered over Gondor, a cock crowed and horns blown in the north heralded the coming of the Rohirrim. The Lord of the Nazgûl left to deal with the Riders of [[Rohan]] and the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Battle of Pelennor Fields]] ensued. The siege was broken during the battle.<ref name=Siege/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the War of the Ring]]<br />
[[Category:Sieges]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Days_before_days&diff=268275Days before days2015-05-24T05:44:21Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>{{History of Arda}}<br />
The '''Years of the Lamps''' began shortly after the creation of Arda by the [[Valar]]. After they entered the world, Arda was still lifeless and had no distinct geographical features. The initial shape of Arda, chosen by the Valar, was of a symmetrical continent lit by two lamps: one in the continent's north, and one in the south, made out of the misty light that veiled the barren ground. The Valar concentrated this light into two large lamps, [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]]. The Vala [[Aulë]] forged great towers, one in the north, [[Helcar]], and another in the south, [[Ringil (tower)|Ringil]]. In the middle, where the light of the lamps mingled, the Valar dwelt at the island of [[Almaren]].<br />
<br />
The lamps were destroyed by an assault by [[Morgoth|Melkor]]. Arda was again darkened, and the lamps' fall spoiled the perfect symmetry of Arda's surface. Separate continents were created: [[Aman]] in the far West, [[Middle-earth]] in the middle, the [[Uttermost East|Land of the Sun]] in the far East, and the [[Dark Land]] in the far South. At the site of the northern lamp was later the inland [[Sea of Helcar]], of which [[Cuiviénen]] was a bay. The [[Years of the Trees]] begin after that.<ref>{{S|Days}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[category:Ages]]<br />
[[de:Die Zeitalter vor den Tagen]]<br />
[[fi:Alkuajat]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Aeglos_(spear)&diff=268274Aeglos (spear)2015-05-24T05:40:46Z<p>Gamling: Removed <center> which centered everything on this page.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Aeglos|[[Aeglos (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{objects<br />
| image=[[File:Audrey Corman - Aiglos.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Aeglos<br />
| othernames=<br />
| derivation=<br />
| location=<br />
| ownedby=[[Gil-galad]]<br />
| maker=Unknown<br />
| appearance=<br />
| references=<br />
|}}<br />
'''Aeglos''' was the name for the spear of [[Gil-galad]] which was greatly feared by the enemy. It was broken when Gil-galad fell in combat against [[Sauron]] himself, on the slopes of [[Mount Doom]] {{SA|3431}}.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><ref>{{S|V}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology and names==<br />
''Aeglos'' means "snow-point"<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> or "icicle"<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings Index]]''</ref>. The element ''aeg'' means "point" from [[Sundocarme|root]] [[AYAK]], "sharp, pointed", and the element ''los'' means "snow".<ref>{{S|Appendix}}</ref><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref><br />
<br />
In editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' prior to 2005, the spear is spelled ''Aiglos''. Tolkien, however, commented in a manuscript that the more correct [[Sindarin]] spelling is in fact ''Aeglos''.<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 11</ref><ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] (eds), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', p. 231</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Gil-galad wielding Aeglos.jpg|thumb|Gil-galad wielding Aeglos in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: Aiglos is a Holy weapon with magical abilities.<ref>{{ICE|2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''<br />
:Aiglos, only playable by Warriors, gives a direct influence against Elves.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:Gil-galad is seen wielding the spear. [[Warren Mahy]] desgined the weapon.<ref>Gary Russell, ''[[The Art of The Fellowship of the Ring]]''</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{weapons}}<br />
{{title}}<br />
[[Category:Spears]]<br />
[[de:Aeglos (Speer)]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:artefacts:armes:aeglos]]<br />
[[fi:Aeglos (keihäs)]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Old_Man_Willow&diff=267776Old Man Willow2015-05-18T04:56:49Z<p>Gamling: Added information and a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{ent infobox| image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Old Man Willow.jpg|250px]]| name=Old Man Willow| pronun=| othernames=Old grey Willow-man, The Great Willow| titles=| position=| location=[[The Old Forest]]| affiliation=| language=[[Old Entish]]| birth=| birthlocation=| rule=| death=| deathlocation=| age=| notablefor=almost killing the four Hobbits| house=| parentage=| siblings=| spouse=| children=| gender=Unknown| height=| hair=| eyes=| clothing=| weapons=| steed=}}<br />
'''Old Man Willow''' was a [[willows|willow]] in the [[Old Forest]] standing near [[Withywindle]]. <br />
==History==<br />
He might have been an [[Ents|Ent]] who had become tree-like, or possibly a [[Huorns|Huorn]], as the Old Forest was originally part of the same primordial forest as [[Fangorn Forest|Fangorn]]. <br />
<br />
The '''Great Willow''' was evil-hearted and from it much of the Forest's hatred of walking things came.<ref name="OMW">{{FR|I6}}</ref>. Despite his power, [[Tom Bombadil]], who called him '''Old grey Willow-man''', had power over him, and checked the evil as much as he could, or was willing. <br />
<br />
On [[26 September]] {{TA|3018}}<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> Old Man Willow cast a spell on the hobbits ([[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], Merry and Pippin ), causing them to feel sleepy. Merry and Pippin leaned against the trunk and fell asleep, while Frodo sat on a root to dangle his feet in the water, before also falling asleep. The tree trapped Merry and Pippin in cracks in the trunk, and tipped Frodo into the stream. <br />
<br />
Sam managed to fight off the spell and rescued Frodo from the stream. Together they attempted to save Merry and Pippin by lighting a fire at the tree's base, but this only served to infuriate Old Man Willow, who threatened to kill the trapped hobbits. They were saved by the timely arrival of Tom Bombadil who knew "the tune for him".<ref name="OMW"/><br />
<br />
In the poem ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'', Old Man Willow sings Tom Bombadil to sleep and traps him in a crack. He then speaks to Tom, chastising him for spying on him and tickling him with his feather. Tom orders Old Man Willow to release him, which he does immediately.<ref>{{AB|Tom}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In ''[[The Return of the Shadow]]'', in the early text for ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', the incident with Old Man Willow has Bingo (who would later become Frodo) and Odo (who would become Pippin) laying against the tree. Frodo (who becomes Sam) is the one pushed into the river while Marmaduke (later Merry) is the one who resists the spell.<ref>{{RS|Forest}}</ref><br />
<br />
Later in Tom Bombadil's house Tom relates the lore concerning Old Man Willow. He is described as a "grey thirsty earth-bound spirit" that had "become imprisoned in the greatest Willow of the Forest".<ref>{{RS|Tom}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayals in adaptations==<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''<br />
:Although he did not appear in the 2001 [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|movie adaptation]], a very similar episode with [[Hobbits]] being swallowed by a tree was included in the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition)|extended edition]], where Merry and Pippin are swallowed by a Huorn in [[Fangorn Forest]], to be saved by [[Treebeard]].<br />
<br />
===See also===<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Old Man Willow|Images of Old Man Willow]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Trees]]<br />
[[de:Alter Weidenmann]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/vieil_homme-saule]]<br />
[[fi:Vanha Halavaukko]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Westfarthing&diff=267771Westfarthing2015-05-18T04:37:20Z<p>Gamling: Added a missing link</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Westfarthing<br />
| othernames=<br />
| etymology=<br />
| type=Region<br />
| location=The Shire<br />
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]]<br />
| realms=The Shire<br />
| description=<br />
| events=[[Free Fair]], The Unexpected Party, [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] Farewell Feast, [[Battle of Bywater]]<br />
| references=<br />
|}}<br />
The '''Westfarthing''' was one of the four [[Farthings]] of [[the Shire]]. Its easternmost point was the [[Three-Farthing Stone]]<ref name="Part">{{FR|Part}}</ref> and on its western border were the [[Far Downs]]<ref>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> (and later, from {{FoA|31}} on, the region of [[Westmarch]]). Within its bounds was the "capital" of the Shire, [[Michel Delving]] and the ancestral homeland of the [[Took Family|Tooks]] (and thus the seat of the [[Thain]]), known as [[Tookland]].<ref>{{FR|I3}}</ref> Also, in the Westfarthing was [[Hobbiton]], the home of [[Bilbo Baggins]] and his nephew, [[Frodo Baggins]].<ref name="Part"/><br />
<br />
==Geographic Features==<br />
A considerable portion of this farthing was included on the map called [[A Part of the Shire]] so many features of this section were shown:<br />
<br />
*Hills: A portion of the [[Green Hill Country]], [[Hobbiton Hill]], [[White Downs]], [[Far Downs]]<br />
*Lakes: [[Bywater Pool]]<br />
*Rivers: [[The Water]], possibly a portion of the [[Norbourn]]<br />
*Roads: [[East Road]], [[South Lane]]<br />
*Swamps: [[Rushock Bog]]<br />
*Towns: [[Bywater]], [[Hobbiton]], [[Needlehole]], [[Nobottle]], [[Overhill]], [[Tookbank]], [[Tuckborough]], [[Waymeet]], [[Little Delving]], [[Michel Delving]], [[Whitwell]],<ref>{{RK|V1}}</ref> [[Greenholm]] in the Far Downs.<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Perhaps the most significant event regarding Westfarthing was when [[Isumbras Took I]] became a [[Thain]] in {{TA|2340}}, beginning the hereditary Thainship of the Took line.<ref name=order/> Thus Westfarthing was the center of Hobbit "authority".<br />
<br />
In {{TA|2941}}, the Unexpected Party occurred in the home of [[Bilbo Baggins]] at [[Bag End]]<ref name="third">{{App|TA}}</ref> in the West Farthing, and from the ''[[Green Dragon]]'' in [[Bywater]], the [[Quest of Erebor]] began.<ref>{{H|Mutton}}</ref> When Bilbo returned the next year he had to deal with an auction of his belongings since he had been presumed dead.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref><br />
<br />
To celebrate his 111th and [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo's]] 33rd birthdays as well as his departure from the Shire, in {{TA|3001}} Bilbo held a [[Farewell Party]].<ref name="third"/><br />
<br />
On [[23 September]] {{TA|3018}}, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] left [[Bag End]] heading for [[Crickhollow]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
Upon their return from their adventures in the south, Frodo, Sam, Pippin, and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] returned to the Shire and in the Westfarthing they were the leaders in the [[Battle of Bywater]], on [[1 November]] {{TA|3019}}<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref><br />
==Culture==<br />
Every seven years the [[Mayor of Michel Delving]] was elected at the [[Free Fair]] on the [[White Downs]] at [[Lithe]].<ref name=order>{{FR|Ordering}}</ref><br />
<br />
As Westfarthing was the center of Hobbit authority, the dialect of the Westfarthing (in scattered parts) had retained the deferential pronoun of the proper [[Westron]] which was lost in other forms of [[Hobbitish]] language. It was used more as a light-hearted term of endearment.<ref>{{App|Translation}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Regions of the Shire]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Westviertel]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/comte/quartier_ouest]]<br />
[[fi:Länsineljännys]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=West_Beleriand&diff=267770West Beleriand2015-05-18T04:33:49Z<p>Gamling: Added references</p>
<hr />
<div>'''West Beleriand''' covered the lands of [[Beleriand]] to the west of the River [[Sirion]]; they were for the most part under the lordship of [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] in [[Nargothrond]], and [[Círdan]] the Shipwright in the [[Falas]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
West Beleriand was the region of Beleriand facing [[Belegaer]] to the west with the coast of [[Falas]] and the havens of [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] and the seaward tower of [[Barad Nimras]]. To the north the [[Ered Wethrin]] separated [[Hithlum]] and [[Nevrast]] from the rest of Beleriand. The forested strip of [[Nivrim]] was in West Beleriand, separated from the rest of [[Doriath]] by Sirion. To the south, [[Nan Tathren]] was the small forested area between Narog and Sirion. Further south, the land of [[Arvernien]] with the forest of [[Nimbrethil]] formed the [[Bay of Balar]], ending to the [[Cape Balar]].<br />
<br />
Rivers included [[Brithon]] and [[Nenning]] and the tributaries to Sirion, [[Narog]] (with [[Ginglith]] and [[Ringwil]]) and [[Taeglin]] (with [[Malduin]] and other minor rivers). Between Ginglith and Narog was the field of [[Tumhalad]]. The [[Ravines of Taeglin]] surrounded the [[Forest of Brethil]]. <br />
<br />
Between Narog and Sirion lay [[Talath Dirnen]], a part of the Realm of Nargothrond with the hill of [[Amon Rûdh]]. To that realm also belonged [[Taur-en-Faroth]] to the west of Narog.<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
At its widest this region was ninety-nine leagues across.<ref> {{LR|Quenta}}, p. 272</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[East Beleriand]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[fi:Länsi-Beleriand]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Wainriders&diff=267765Talk:Wainriders2015-05-18T00:48:14Z<p>Gamling: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Inspiration==<br />
I've included Lalaith's note that the Wainriders seem to be a direct inspiration of a people named "Amaxoluoi" in Greek. However Lalaith doesn't mention the historical sources where Amaxoluoi are mentioned, and a Wikipedia or Google search doesn't return anything (at least with this spelling) other than Lalaith's article itself. I have found an online Latin text where "Amaxolii" are mentioned, and this only from a Czech or Polish site. I don't doubt that Lalaith has/had a wide range of studies and knowledge, but finding an external source would complement the article. And I find the lack of online sources weird. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 13:56, 9 December 2013 (UTC)<br />
:Some scanning error in Lalaith's source: the name should be ''hamaxobioi'' "wagon-dwellers" (lat. ''hamaxobii''), a Scythian people described by many ancient authors. Preferably Attican spelling with ''h'', but may also occur as ''amaxobioi''. --Tik 19:19, 9 December 2013 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Andreas Möhn has permanently removed many of the sub-pages of ''Lalaith's Middle-earth Science Pages'' and turned the material into purchasable e-books. This has rendered many references to those pages obsolete, as can be seen by clicking the links in the Wainriders page. Should all of these links throughout Tolkien Gateway be removed? If yes, can this be done automatically or need it be done on an article-by-article basis? --Gamling, 01:47, 18 May 2015 (UTC)</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Valaquenta&diff=267764Valaquenta2015-05-18T00:30:23Z<p>Gamling: Added information and references</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Valaquenta''' ([[Quenya|Q]]. "Account of the Valar (=Powers)") is a text that accompanies [[Quenta Silmarillion]].<br />
<br />
The text presents knowledge on the Ainur as derived from the [[Eldar]].<ref>{{S|Vala}}</ref> It is not written however by their own first-hand point of view. There are also some references that are out of context, like the [[Númenóreans]], which indicate that the text was written during or after the [[Second Age]].<br />
<br />
== Summary ==<br />
''Valar'' is the name given to the chief [[Ainur]] following their descent to [[Arda]]. The Ainur were angelic spirits created by the supreme deity, [[Ilúvatar|Eru Ilúvatar]]. The most powerful of the Valar was [[Morgoth|Melkor]], who became corrupt, and ceased to follow the will of Ilúvatar. The fourteen remaining Valar continued in Ilúvatar's will.<ref>{{S|IIa}}</ref><br />
<br />
===The Valar===<br />
The Ainur had either male or female forms, some were couples, while some were siblings in Ilúvatar's mind. Thus, there were seven male Valar, and seven female ("[[Valier]]"). Of the fourteen, those eight with the greatest might (called [[Aratar]]) were responsible for some attribute of life in [[Arda]] (e.g., crafts, mining, agriculture, etc.). The king of the Valar, and of all Arda was [[Manwë]].<ref>{{S|IIb}}</ref><br />
<br />
===The Maiar===<br />
On their descent to Arda, the Valar, were followed by Ainur of lesser might, the [[Maiar]], who were their subjects, students and assistants in governing Arda. The Valar had the ability to change their physical appearance, or to bear no shape at all.<ref>{{S|IIc}}</ref><br />
<br />
===The Enemies===<br />
Of the enemies are mentioned Melkor, [[Sauron]] and the [[Balrogs]], spirits who were seduced by him and fell into hate.<ref>{{S|IId}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History of Composition ==<br />
Although sequential descriptions of the Valar go back to ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'', the earliest writing that resembles the Valaquenta is found in the text called ''[[Quenta Noldorinwa]]''.<ref>{{SM|Quenta}}</ref> It then became Chapter 1 of the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'' (entitled ''Of the Valar''). In revisions to the Quenta Silmarillion done in 1958, the section was split off into a separately titled work.<ref>{{MR|P3II1}}</ref> There is nothing to indicate why Tolkien felt that the piece should stand alone. While it is not a narrative, neither is the chapter ''[[Of Beleriand and its Realms]]'', and Tolkien never seems to have considered removing that section.<br />
<br />
Within the [[Legendarium]], the ''Valaquenta'' was preserved through ''[[Translations from the Elvish]]'' by [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref><br />
{{references}}<br />
{{silmarillion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:The Silmarillion chapters]]<br />
[[Category:Manuscripts by J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
[[Category:Books and documents within the legendarium]]<br />
[[de:Valaquenta]]<br />
[[fr:tolkien/resumes/silm/valaquenta]]<br />
[[fi:Valaquenta]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Amarth&diff=267763Úmarth2015-05-17T23:33:27Z<p>Gamling: Added to a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''''úmarth''''' means "ill-fate" in [[Sindarin]].<ref name=SI>{{S|Index}}, ''amarth''</ref><br />
<br />
[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] in [[Nargothrond]], wished to hide his identity and introduced himself as [[Agarwaen]].<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref> He used the name Úmarth to refer to his father [[Húrin]].<ref name=SI/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Úmarth'' apparently contains the negative prefix ''ū''<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 369</ref> + ''[[amarth]]'' "fate".<br />
<br />
==Cognates==<br />
*[[Quenya]] ''[[umbar (word)|umbar]]''<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Umarth}}<br />
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[Category:Aliases]]<br />
[[fi:Úmarth]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Turamarth&diff=267762Turamarth2015-05-17T23:31:22Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Turamarth''' is [[Sindarin]] for "Master of Doom", a title [[Túrin]] gave himself while living in the forest of [[Brethil]] in the [[First Age]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''amarth''</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''[[tur]]'' "master, lord" and ''[[amarth]]'' "doom"<br />
<br />
==Cognates==<br />
*[[Quenya]] ''Turambar''<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BAna&diff=267761Túna2015-05-17T23:25:38Z<p>Gamling: Added an infobox, information, references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Túna<br />
| type=Hill<br />
| location=Within the [[Calacirya]]<br />
| inhabitants=[[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]]<br />
| realms=[[Valinor]]<br />
| description=High green hill with a city<br />
| othernames=<br />
| etymology=<br />
| events=Arrival of [[Eärendil]], destruction of [[Ar-Pharazôn]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Túna''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈtuːna]}}) was the hill in [[Aman]], raised by the [[Valar]] where the [[Vanyar]] and the [[Noldor]] founded their fair city of [[Tirion]]. In the [[Years of the Trees]] the light of the [[Two Trees]] fell upon its western face and its shadow lay ever to the east.<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref><br />
<br />
When [[Eärendil]] came to Aman the people of the city had gone to a festival in [[Valimar]] so the city was empty. Fearing some evil had befallen the Blessed Realm he turned away until [[Eönwë]], the herald of [[Manwë]], called to him and invited him to Valimar.<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
A host of [[Númenóreans]] camped around Túna when [[Ar-Pharazôn]] invaded Aman.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In early versions it was known as '''Tûn'''.<ref>{{SM|Prose}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Kôr]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tuna}}<br />
[[Category:Aman]]<br />
[[Category:Hills]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Túna]]<br />
[[fi:Túna]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/aman/tuna]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tower_of_Cirith_Ungol&diff=267756Tower of Cirith Ungol2015-05-17T21:03:26Z<p>Gamling: Added text, made the references inline and added more, added Portrayal in Adaptations section</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Cirith Ungol|[[Cirith Ungol (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location<br />
| image=[[Image:Alan Lee - The Tower of Cirith Ungol.jpg|200px]]<br />
| name=The Tower of Cirith Ungol<br />
| othernames=<br />
| etymology=Cf. [[Cirith Ungol#Etymology|Cirith Ungol: Etymology]]<br />
| type=Tower<br />
| location=Top ridge of the [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]/[[Orcs]]<br />
| realms=[[Gondor]] (? - {{TA|1636}}) /[[Mordor]] ({{TA|1980}}<br />
| description=Black multi-tiered tower<br />
| events=[[Quest of the Ring]], [[Battle of Cirith Ungol]]<br />
| references=<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
The '''Tower of Cirith Ungol''' ([[Sindarin]], "Spider's cleft") was a bastion in the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]] in the [[Ephel Dúath]] on the western border of [[Mordor]].<ref>{{RK|Map}}</ref> [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] was taken into the Tower and searched by [[Orcs]], then rescued by [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] before they descended onto the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Tower of Cirith Ungol was originally a watchtower of [[Gondor]], guarding the high pass and made by the Gondorians some time after the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. Its principal purpose was to defend [[Ithilien]] from attacks from [[Sauron]]'s remaining servants. It also served to stop Sauron's servants from returning to Mordor.<ref name=Tower>{{RK|VI1}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gondor occupied the fortress until {{TA|1636}} when the [[Great Plague]] killed large parts of Gondor's population.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> After the plague, Gondor never again manned the Tower of Cirith Ungol and evil was allowed to return to Mordor. Similar fates suffered the mountain fortress of [[Durthang]] in northwestern Mordor, and the [[Towers of the Teeth]] at the [[Morannon]].<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
===[[War of the Ring]]===<br />
On [[13 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}, Orcs from the Tower, under the command of [[Shagrat]], captured Frodo after finding his unconscious body in the Pass below.<ref name=Great>{{App|Great}}</ref> They carried his body through the [[Under-way]] and into the [[Undergate]] that, besides the main gate, was the only entrance to the Tower. After overhearing Shagrat and [[Gorbag]] talking, Sam realized that Frodo had only been paralyzed by [[Shelob]] and not killed as he had first thought. Sam was too late to gain entry through the Undergate and knocked himself senseless trying to get in.<ref>{{TT|IV10}}</ref><br />
<br />
When Sam awoke on [[14 March]] he determined to enter the main gate to find Frodo.<ref name=Great/> Mastering his fears, Sam came to the main gate and was halted by the malevolent will of the [[Two Watchers]], stone statues flanking either side of the gate, topped with three vulture-faces each and endowed with spirits of evil. Holding aloft the [[Phial of Galadriel]] Sam overcame their will and thrust through the gate, but the Watchers let forth a shrill cry that was echoed by a harsh bell above.<br />
<br />
In the meantime, the orcs had searched Frodo. When they found the [[Mithril#The Mithril Coat|shirt]] of ''[[mithril]]'' mail Frodo was wearing a quarrel over the spoils erupted. A contingent of orcs from [[Minas Morgul]] led by [[Gorbag]] fought Shagrat and his company for possession of the mithril. The fighting spread throughout the tower and most of the orcs on both sides were killed, making it possible for Sam to proceed and rescue Frodo. Although Sam fought Shagrat the Orc got away, bearing Frodo's gear to [[Barad-dûr]]. Sam finally found Frodo in the topmost chamber after killing [[Snaga (Orc of Mordor)|Snaga]]. Sam returned the [[The One Ring|One Ring]] to Frodo, dressed him and gathered food and gear, and they left the tower. On the way out their use of the Phial caused the gateway to crumble behind them.<ref>{{RK|VI1}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Appearance==<br />
The Tower stood against the mountain face near the highest ridge of the Ephel Dúath. From the west only the round, topmost turret was visible. The turret was supported by three great tiers that jutted out in a sharp angle, pointing eastward into Mordor. The lowest tier was encircled by a battlemented wall that enclosed a narrow court. The main gate pierced the south-eastern wall. A broad road ran along a precipice from the gate down to a southward bend and down to the road through the [[Morgul Pass]]. A narrower path led up from the gate by stairs to Cirith Ungol.<ref name=Tower/> <br />
<br />
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] made three drawings of the Tower where only the turret is visible<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator]], pp. 171, 172, 173</ref>, and one with the entire bastion <ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator]], p. 174</ref>. This last picture depicts the Tower in an earlier stage of writing, with four tiers.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in Adaptations==<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:In Scene 43, "The Choices of Master Samwise", Frodo first sees the turret at the top of the tower through a narrow cleft, with a single red light glowing. Frodo is stung by [[Shelob]], Sam fights and defeats the spider, and then Shagrat and orcs come upon Frodo's body. There is no Under-way or Undergate; the Orcs carry the body up the path with Sam following behind.<br />
<br />
:In Scene 58, "The Tower of Cirith Ungol" (Extended Version), the view zooms into a window of the turret to show Frodo, still unconscious, lying on the floor while Shagrat and Gorbag go through his possessions. Frodo awakes while the two Orcs find the Mithril coat. Gorbag wants the coat for himself while Shagrat insists it goes to Sauron. A fight breaks out that soon envelopes all of the Orcs in the Tower. As the Orcs slaughter each other, Sam approaches the gate and spies the Two Watchers. The scene jumps to Sam inside the gate without showing the contest of wills. Sam climbs the inside of the tower and his shadow scares four Orcs descending the stairs. Sam kills three of the Orcs while the fourth escapes with the Mithril coat. In the turret room Frodo struggles to free himself, attracting the attention of Shagrat, who threatens to bleed him "like a stuck pig". However, the point of [[Sting]] suddenly pops out of Shagrat's chest as Sam kills the Orc. Sam reluctantly returns the Ring to Frodo and they dress themselves as Orcs before they leave the Tower. Their escape past the Two Watchers is not shown.<br />
<br />
:The Tower's appearance in the film closely matches the text, a tiered bastion of dark stone with a turret bearing a red light at the top.<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Fortresses]]<br />
[[Category:Mordor]]<br />
[[Category:Towers]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Turm von Cirith Ungol]]<br />
[[fi:Cirith Ungolin torni]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mardil&diff=267625Mardil2015-05-17T02:54:35Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the first [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]]|[[Elves|Elf]] of [[Gondolin]]|[[Voronwë]]}}<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Mardil<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Voronwë'' ([[Quenya|Q]], "Steadfast")<br />
| titles=[[Steward of Gondor]], [[Ruling Steward]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth={{TA|1960}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule={{TA|2050}} - {{TA|2080|n}} (30 years)<br />
| death={{TA|2080}}<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=120<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Húrin]]<br />
| parentage=[[Vorondil]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Eradan]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Mardil Voronwë''' ([[Third Age]] {{TA|1960|n}}<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 204</ref> – {{TA|2080|n}},<ref>{{App|South}}</ref> aged 120 years) was Steward under the kings [[Eärnil II]] and [[Eärnur]], and then became the first Ruling [[Steward of Gondor]].<br />
==History==<br />
In {{TA|2029}}, Mardil succeeded his father [[Vorondil]] as the second hereditary Steward of Gondor (a tradition begun with his grandfather [[Pelendur]]).<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref><br />
<br />
When Eärnil II died in {{TA|2043}} and Eärnur ascended to the throne, the King of [[Minas Morgul]] (the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]]) challenged him to single combat. Mardil was able to restrain Eärnur' wrath at that time, but in {{TA|2050}} the King of Morgul renewed his challenge, adding taunts that Eärnur could not ignore. Mardil was powerless to prevent Eärnur from riding to Minas Morgul; he and his small escort were never heard from again.<br />
<br />
Eärnur had died unmarried with no heirs. Royal descendants had become few and no claimant for the throne could be found of pure [[Númenórean]] blood, or whose claim all would accept. Thus, by default, Mardil began the line of Ruling Stewards of Gondor.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
Because the fate of the King was unknown, Mardil made an oath to rule in the King's name until "the King returns". This oath would be sworn by all of the Ruling Stewards.<br />
<br />
Mardil ruled Gondor with a steady hand and earned the epithet ''Voronwë'', which means "the Steadfast" in [[Quenya]]. One of his works was to introduce and establish the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] in Gondor. He inserted two leap-days in the year {{TA|2050}}.<ref>{{App|Calendars}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | PEL |PEL=[[Pelendur]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1879|n}} - {{TA|1998|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | VOR |VOR=[[Vorondil]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1919|n}} - {{TA|2029|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | MAR |MAR='''MARDIL VORONWË'''<br/><small>''{{TA|1960|n}} - {{TA|2080|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | ERA |ERA=[[Eradan]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1999|n}} - {{TA|2116|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | HER |HER=[[Herion]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2037|n}} - {{TA|2148|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Mardil means "(One) devoted to the House (of the Kings)", from ''[[már]]'' and ''[[-ndil]]'', literally "Friend of the (Royal) House".<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=gondorian<br />
| house=[[House of Húrin]]<br />
| born={{TA|1960}}<br />
| died={{TA|2080}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Vorondil]]<br />
| list=[[Steward of Gondor|Steward to the King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{TA|2029}} – {{TA|2050|n}}<br />
| nvac=Vacant<br />
| next=Next held by:<br/>[[Faramir]], 969 years later<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=None<br />
| prev=Position created<br />
| list=1st [[Ruling Steward|Ruling Steward of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{TA|2050}} - {{TA|2080|n}}<br />
| next=[[Eradan]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{rulingstewards}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Stewards]]<br />
[[Category:Ruling stewards]]<br />
[[de:Mardil]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/mardil_voronwe]]<br />
[[fi:Mardil]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rivendell&diff=267572Rivendell2015-05-16T21:45:29Z<p>Gamling: Added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Countdown}}<br />
{{disambig-more|Rivendell|[[Rivendell (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location<br />
| image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Rivendell.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Rivendell<br />
| othernames=Imladris, the Last Homely House<br />
| etymology=<br />
| type=Valley/City<br />
| location=West of [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]]<br />
| inhabitants=[[Elves]] and those who seek a little peace and quiet<br />
| realms=[[Elrond]]'s dominion<br />
| description=Hidden valley with permanent elven settlement<br />
| events=[[First Siege of Imladris|First]] and [[Second Siege of Imladris|Second]] Siege of Imladris, [[Quest of Erebor]], [[Council of Elrond]]<br />
| references=''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''Rivendell''', or '''[[Rivendell#Etymology|Imladris]]''', was an [[Elves|Elven]] dwelling in the [[Misty Mountains]] on the eastern edge of [[Eriador]]. It was also called "'''The Last Homely House East of the Sea'''", a reference to [[Valinor]] west of [[Belegaer|the sea]], and the '''First Homely House''', so called because it was the last outpost in the relatively civilised lands of [[Eriador]] before a traveller crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] and entered the Wilds of [[Rhovanion]]. It was established by [[Elrond]] in the [[Second Age]] as a refuge from [[Sauron]] after the fall of [[Eregion]]. Besides [[Elrond]] himself, notable Elves who lived there included [[Arwen]] and [[Glorfindel]].<br />
<br />
==Location==<br />
[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Valley of Rivendell.jpg|thumb|left|Soni Alcorn-Hender - ''Valley of Rivendell'']]<br />
Rivendell was located at the edge of a narrow gorge of the [[Bruinen|Bruinen River]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> but well hidden in the moorlands and foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name=Rest>{{H|Rest}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Rivendell, or Imladris, was established by Elrond in the Second Age during the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], after [[Eregion]] was laid waste.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> It remained Elrond's seat throughout the remainder of the Second Age and until the end of the Third Age, when he took the [[White Ship]] for [[Valinor]]. Rivendell had a strong alliance with the [[Kings of Arnor]] and after the fall of [[Arthedain]] it became a refuge for the [[Rangers of the North]] and the [[heir of Isildur|heirs of Isildur]]. <br />
<br />
===Founding===<br />
Elrond and an army out of [[Lindon]] were sent by [[Gil-galad]] when he learned that Sauron was moving against Eriador. Elrond had far to come and arrived late; but his forces were strengthened by a detachment out of Eregion led by [[Celeborn]]. Sauron's armies overwhelmed Elrond despite reinforcements, preventing him from reaching Eregion and forcing him northward toward the headwaters of Bruinen. Here Elrond established a stronghold which was to became a refuge for those seeking shelter from Sauron's onslaught in Eriador. Elrond's following at the founding of Imladris included the Elves he had led out of [[Lindon]] and those of Eregion led by Celeborn; but they were soon joined by many fleeing the [[Sack of Eregion]]. More came as Sauron ravaged Eriador on his march toward Lindon. By {{SA|1700}}, Sauron had overrun all of Eriador and Imladris was [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]]. The siege ended when Gil-galad's forces, strengthened by the armament sent by [[Tar-Minastir]], routed Sauron's armies and drove him out of Eriador. A Council held at that time made Elrond Gil-galad's vice-regent in Eriador, and Imladris his seat. Imladris remained an Elvish stronghold in Eriador to the end of the Second Age and into the Third. Gil-galad bestowed [[Vilya]] upon Elrond in secret. Aided by the power of the ring, Elrond made Imladris one of the chief seats of Elvish strength in the west in the latter part of the Second Age.<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Last Alliance===<br />
At the end of the Second Age, [[Elendil]] and Gil-galad formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] to challenge Sauron, and their host halted for a while at Imladris before crossing the Misty Mountains.<ref name="SV"/> [[Isildur]]'s wife and his youngest son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], were in Imladris at that time, and Isildur was journeying back to them after Sauron's defeat when he was ambushed at the [[Gladden Fields]].<ref>{{UT|7}}</ref> After receiving the shards of [[Narsil]], Valandil took up his role as King of [[Arnor]] and left Imladris for [[Annúminas]].<ref name="SV">{{S|V}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
After the fall of Gil-galad, Elrond remained in Imladris. During the Third Age it was a refuge and sanctuary; many Elves gathered there, and it was the chief dwelling of the [[High Elves]] in Eriador. The heirs of Isildur were also harbored there due to their kinship with Elrond, as descendants of his brother [[Elros]].<ref name="SV"/> Rivendell maintained this relationship with the North Kingdom throughout the Third Age, and Elrond and his people remained steadfast allies to the heirs of Isildur. Situated on the western slopes of the Misty Mountains, Imladris was near [[Arnor]]'s eastern province of [[Rhudaur]], which became independent during the disintegration of the North Kingdom in {{TA|861}}.<br />
<br />
Danger came to Eriador around {{TA|1300}} when the witch-kingdom of [[Angmar]] was established in the north-east beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. It was late in the reign of [[Arveleg I]] that [[Second Siege of Imladris |Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]]. After an incursion by Angmar into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elves of Rivendell joined those of Lindon in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.<ref name="North">{{App|North}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the end of the North-kingdom in {{TA|1975}} [[Aranarth]], the first [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], had [[Arahael|his son]] fostered in Rivendell, as were all subsequent sons of the chieftains. The heirlooms and treasures of the house of Isildur, including the shards of [[Narsil]], were also kept there after [[Arvedui]]'s death.<ref name="North"/> Among these were also some of the few remaining documents containing the history of Númenor.<ref>{{UT|3}}</ref><br />
<br />
There was traffic across the Misty Mountains in the Third Age between Imladris and [[Lothlórien|Lórien]], for Elrond's wife was [[Celebrían]], daughter of Galadriel and Celeborn.<br />
<br />
In the [[Quest of Erebor]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] stopped off at Rivendell with the Dwarves on the way to the [[Lonely Mountain]]<ref name=Rest/> and also on the way back to [[the Shire]] with [[Gandalf]].<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Bilbo retired there after his 111th birthday, writing his memoir ''[[There and Back Again]]''.<ref name=Meetings>{{FR|II1}}</ref><br />
<br />
===War of the Ring===<br />
Years later, [[Frodo Baggins]] and his [[Travellers|companions]] journeyed to Rivendell, where they met Bilbo. Several other Elves, [[Dwarves]] and [[Men]] had also arrived at Rivendell on separate errands;<ref name=Meetings/> at the [[Council of Elrond]] they learned that all of their errands were related to the fate of [[the One Ring]], and they had to decide what to do about it. In the end, the Hobbits influenced the decision.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Rivendell'' ("[[Wiktionary:cloven|cloven]]-[[Wiktionary:dell|dell]]") is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of the Sindarin name '''''Imladris''''' ("deep dale of the cleft").<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 774</ref> An alternative (or complementary) etymology, gives ''Rivendell'' as the Englished version of the [[Westron]] name '''''Karningul''''' (itself a translation of ''Imladris'').<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><br />
<br />
The name ''Imladris'' is also glossed as "Canyon of the Cleft"<ref>{{VT|47a}}, p. 14 (note 18)</ref> and "flat-floared valley of the Cleft".<ref name="letter">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Anthony D. Howlett]]" ([[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|letter]])</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
A possible inspiration (so suggested by [[David Salo]]<ref>Aaron Fuegi, "[http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/Rivimages/realriv.html Rivendell in Switzerland]" at [http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/home.html the Last Homely House] (accessed 15 November 2011)</ref>) could have been [[wikipedia:Lauterbrunnen|Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland]], which Tolkien visited in [[1911]]: <br />
<br />
{{quote|I am... delighted that you have made the acquaintance of Switzerland, and of the very part that I once knew best and which had the deepest effect on me. The hobbit’s journey from Rivendell to the other side of the Misty Mountains, including the glissade down the slithering stones into the pine woods, is based on my adventures in 1911 (he was 19 and traveled to Lauterbrunnen)... Our wanderings mainly on foot in a party of 12 are not now clear in sequence, but leave many vivid pictures as clear as yesterday." (He talks of similar conditions of the travel of Bilbo camping out, walking mountain paths, carrying packs).|Tolkien<ref>{{l|306}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in Adaptations ==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Rivendell in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
|File:BFME2 - Elrond Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''<br />
|File:Aragorn's Quest - Rivendell1.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Gandalf and Galadriel.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell appears in every installment, although its role in the second and third film is rather minor.<br />
<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Rivendell is the fifth level, and the first where no fighting is required. After Frodo is taken to Rivendell by [[Glorfindel]], he is first woken by [[Gandalf]]; after that, the [[Council of Elrond]] starts. After the council, there is an opportunity to speak to the NPCs - [[Aragorn]], [[Arwen]], [[Boromir]], [[Elrond]], [[Gandalf]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. The gameplay continues by entering a door. A short cutscene follows in which Bilbo gives [[Sting]] and the ''[[mithril]]'' shirt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]], "Rivendell"</ref><br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the battlegrounds in the game and a site of skirmish between Elves and Goblins.<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game, located between Trollshaws and the Misty Mountains. Rivendell is also one of the places that players can choose as Elven character's homeland. The Last Homely House refers to a large dwelling of Elrond, not to the entire refuge of Rivendell. It is located on the eastern side of Rivendell. One can find Elrond's library, the [[Hall of Fire]], the scholar's guild and various guest rooms.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game and the only place characters are obliged to visit more than once (other cities can be re-visited, but this is optional). <br />
<br />
'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:The movie will show both parts of Rivendell familiar from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]] and several new places.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Rivendell|Images of Rivendell]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Elven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Bruchtal]]<br />
[[fi:Rivendell]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Last_Alliance_of_Elves_and_Men&diff=267570Last Alliance of Elves and Men2015-05-16T21:31:48Z<p>Gamling: Added references</p>
<hr />
<div>'''The Last Alliance of Elves and Men''' was formed in {{SA|3430|n}} of the [[Second Age]] in response to the threat of conquest by the Dark Lord [[Sauron]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Sauron had been contending with the [[Elves]] for mastery of Middle-earth for over 1200 years. Fearing the establishment of the powerful kingdoms in exile &mdash; [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] &mdash; by his hated enemies, the [[Dúnedain]], Sauron launched a pre-emptive attack on Gondor in {{SA|3429}}.<ref name=SA/><br />
<br />
In response, [[Elendil]], High King of the Dúnedain, formed an alliance with [[Gil-galad]], the [[High King of the Noldor]], to repel Sauron's assault. [[Durin's Folk]] also aided Elendil and Gil-galad. It is said that Elendil bound the Alliance with an oath and invoked the name of [[Eru]] to witness it.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Eru's name was very rarely invoked in oaths, and among the [[Numenoreans]] it was held that only the King could call upon Him. This would happen again only thousands of years later during the [[Oath of Cirion]].<ref name=Cirion/> <br />
<br />
The hosts of Gil-galad and Elendil met at [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] and marched towards Imladris where they camped for three years, forging armour and making plans whilst [[Anárion]], Elendil's younger son, defended [[Osgiliath]] against the hosts of [[Mordor]].<br />
<br />
The armies crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] at various locations and their forces were strengthened in the vale of [[Anduin]] by Elves from [[Lothlórien]] and [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] under the command of [[Oropher]] and [[Amdír]] and by the Dwarves of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].<br />
<br />
In {{SA|3434}} they defeated Sauron's army in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], breached the [[Morannon]] into [[Mordor]], and besieged the Dark Lord's fortress of [[Barad-dûr]]. The siege lasted for seven years, during which [[Anárion]] was slain. It culminated in Sauron leaving his fortress and engaging in direct combat. There were three objectives to this war; to unmake [[the One Ring]], to destroy [[Sauron]], and to destroy the foundation of the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]].<ref name=SA/><br />
<br />
Sauron was felled by Gil-galad and Elendil, who both perished in the assault themselves. Elendil broke his sword [[Narsil]] as he fell. Using the hilt-shard of the sword, Isildur cut the Ring from Sauron's finger.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref> Bereft of the power of the One Ring, Sauron's spirit dissipated and would not take form again in Middle-earth for a thousand years.<br />
<br />
With the victory over Sauron, and the death of Gil-galad and Elendil, the Last Alliance was dissolved. The remaining Númenóreans resettled their kingdoms.<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Armies]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* '''[[War of the Last Alliance]]''' (Military information)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]<br />
[[de:Letztes Bündnis]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:2a:derniere_alliance_des_elfes_et_des_hommes]]<br />
[[fi:Haltioiden ja Ihmisten Viimeinen Liitto]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lotho_Sackville-Baggins&diff=267553Lotho Sackville-Baggins2015-05-16T20:59:59Z<p>Gamling: Rewrote the text (so that it does not copy "The Complete Guide to Middle-earth") and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{hobbit infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Lotho viv lotr.JPG|250px]]<br />
| name=Lotho Sackville-Baggins<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Pimple, Chief<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=<br />
| birth={{SR|1364}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{SR|1419}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Bag End]]<br />
| age=55<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| family=[[Sackville-Baggins Family|Sackville Baggins]]<br />
| parentage=[[Otho Sackville-Baggins]] and [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins|Lobelia Bracegirdle]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Sandy<ref name=Three>{{FR|I3}}</ref><br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Lotho Sackville-Baggins''' ({{TA|2964}} - {{TA|3019|n}}, died aged 55) was the only child of [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins|Lobelia]] [[Sackville-Baggins Family|Sackville-Baggins]].<ref>{{App|Baggins}}</ref> For a short time at the end of the [[Third Age]] he assumed illegal control of [[the Shire]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
After Lotho's father, Otho, died in {{TA|3012}}, Lotho inherited his [[pipe-weed]] plantations in the [[Southfarthing]], ensuring his status as a wealthy Hobbit.<ref name=Scouring>{{RK|VI8}}</ref><br />
<br />
On [[23 September]] {{TA|3018|n}}<ref name=Great>{{App|Great}}</ref> Lotho and Lobelia arrived at [[Bag End]] after lunch to take stock of the property and to obtain the keys.<ref name=Three/> Soon thereafter they moved into the residence and Lotho began a program of buying an excessive amount of property and goods. The goods were carted away to the south by [[Men]] ("[[ruffians]]") from [[Isengard]]. When people began to complain about shortages the ruffians proceeded to assert Lotho's power over the Shire. When [[Will Whitfoot]], the rightful [[Mayor of the Shire]], set out to protest Lotho's activities the ruffians captured him, incarcerated him in the "[[Lockholes]]", and Lotho began calling himself Chief [[Shirriffs|Shirriff]], or simply '''[[Chief]]'''. Among the Hobbits Lotho was known as ''Pimple''.<ref name=Scouring/><br />
<br />
Lotho's "reign" over the Shire ended in [[September]] {{TA|3019|n}} when [[Saruman]] (called "[[Sharkey]]") arrived in the Shire<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> and took over Bag End. Soon Lotho's mother, Lobelia, was taken to the Lockholes and Lotho was no longer seen in public. When Saruman was ousted by Frodo and his companions he revealed that [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] had stabbed Lotho in his sleep (and possibly ate him).<ref name=Scouring/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name ''Lotho'' represents an original [[Hobbitish]] [[Westron]] name ''Lotha'' which was meaningless in contemporary speech.<ref>{{App|Translation}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in Adaptations==<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Lotho walks around in Bywater.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hobbits]]<br />
[[Category:Sackville-Baggins]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[de:Lotho Sackheim-Beutlin]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/sacquet_de_besace/lotho_sacquet_de_besace]]<br />
[[fi:Lotho Säkinheimo-Reppuli]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lothl%C3%B3rien&diff=267503Lothlórien2015-05-16T19:54:51Z<p>Gamling: Added several references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Lórien|[[Lórien (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{disambig-more|Lothlórien|[[Lothlórien (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location<br />
| image= [[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Forest of Lothlorien in Spring.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name= Lothlórien<br />
| othernames= [[Lórinand]], Lindórinand, [[Dwimordene]], Laurelindórenan, Hidden Land<br />
| etymology= [[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[loth]]'' + [[Quenya|Q.]] ''[[Lórien (Valinor)|lórien]]''.<br />
| type= Forest/Kingdom.<br />
| location= Bordering [[Misty Mountains]] centered between [[Gladden River]] and [[Fangorn Forest]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref><br />
| inhabitants=([[Sindar]]in/[[Noldor]]in/[[Teler]]in leadership), [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]].<br />
| realms=<br />
| description= Golden wood with [[mallorn]] trees.<br />
| events= [[Battle of Lórien]].<br />
| references= ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<br />
|}}<br />
{{quote|O Lórien! The Winter comes, the bare and leafless Day;<br>The leaves are falling in the stream, the River flows away.<br>O Lórien! Too long I have dwelt upon this [[Hither Shore]]<br>And in a fading crown have twined the golden [[elanor]].|[[Galadriel]], ''[[Farewell to Lórien]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Lothlórien''' was a kingdom of [[Silvan Elves]] on the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]]. It was considered one of the most beautiful and "elvish" places in [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Third Age]], and had the only [[mallorn]]-trees east of the [[Belegaer|sea]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===First Settlers===<br />
The first inhabitants of the forested area later known as Lórien were a group of [[Nandor]] that refused to cross the [[Hithaeglir]].<ref>{{UT|6a}}</ref> Lórien was probably one of their scattered settlements in the area. Later, however, as the power of the [[Longbeards]] of [[Moria]] grew, they relocated to the eastern side of the [[Anduin]], across the [[Nimrodel]]. The land in which they dwelt (the forest east of the Hithaeglir, above [[Fangorn Forest|Fangorn]] and below [[Mirkwood]]) became known in the [[Silvan Elvish|Silvan tongue]] as ''[[Lórinand]]'', or ''Laurelindórenan''.<br />
<br />
===The Sindarin Dynasty===<br />
After the [[War of Wrath]], [[Sindar]] came from the deluge of [[Beleriand]] in the West. Their migration was a great boost to the power and culture of the Nandor. Their language was replaced by [[Sindarin]]. The arrival of the Sinda [[Amdír]] affected the Nandor of Laurelindórenan. He took over as their King, while another Sinda, [[Oropher]], became king of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].<ref name=Sindarin>{{UT|6b}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Celeborn]], a Sindarin elf, dwelt with his [[Noldor]]in wife [[Galadriel]] in [[Eregion]]. They made contact with the Nandor of Lórinand, and before long they passed through [[Moria]] and arrived in the woods. After the Fall of Eregion and the death of [[Celebrimbor]], [[Nenya]], one of the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves, was delivered to Galadriel.<ref name=Concerning>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref><br />
<br />
As [[Sauron]]'s power grew over the [[Westlands]], King Amdír marshaled the [[Elves]] of Lórinand to the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. His division was cut off from the main body during the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] and many of the Nandor went down into the [[Dead Marshes]] with their King.<ref name=Sindarin/><br />
<br />
The survivors of the battle, which included Amdír’s son [[Amroth]], returned to Lórinand. Amroth was the new King, but he was tired of Middle-earth, and wished to go West and seek [[Valinor]]. When Moria fell to evil in {{TA|1981}}, many of the Lórinand elves fled south. Around that time Amroth departed to [[Edhellond]] with his beloved, [[Nimrodel (Elf-maid)|Nimrodel]]. The Nandor never saw either of them again.<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref><br />
<br />
===The Lord and Lady===<br />
[[Image:Angus McBride - Galadriel.gif|thumb|left|220px|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Galadriel'']]After Amroth and Nimrodel had passed away, Celeborn and Galadriel took the title of [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim]], the common Sindarin name for Lórinand.<ref name=Concerning/> With Nenya, the land was kept pure and alive, and evil was not permitted to penetrate it. They moved back to the western side of Anduin, and built [[Caras Galadhon]], the great center of the woodland kingdom. There Galadriel planted the seeds of the [[mallorn]] trees that was given to her by Gil-galad when she lived in [[Lindon]], where they couldn't grow. Lothlórien was filled with light and life, and became beautiful. By the power of the Elven Ring the trees did not die.<br />
<br />
Under the Lord and Lady, Lothlórien prospered for more than a thousand years as time passed without decay under the golden boughs. Celeborn and Galadriel produced a daughter, [[Celebrían]] who married [[Elrond]], and their granddaughter [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] was considered the fairest of the elven race at that time.<br />
<br />
===War of the Ring===<br />
But as the [[Third Age]] began to grope for its culmination, troubles at last began to touch the Valley of Singing Gold. As the shadow of [[Sauron]] lengthened, and the [[War of the Ring]] raged, Lórien received the remnant of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], a group of travelers on a quest of immeasurable importance. The border-wardens came across them. Among the company were [[Aragorn]], a prince of the [[Dúnedain]] and a friend of the Lady, as well as [[Legolas]] of [[Mirkwood]]. The only reservation the border-wardens had about them was the dwarf, [[Gimli]].<ref>{{FR|II6}}</ref> The Fellowship were led in blindfolded for a time, but at Galadriel's word they were taken to Caras Galadhon on [[17 January]], {{TA|3019}}, and their blindfolds were released.<ref name=Great>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
There the Elves learned of the death of [[Gandalf]], and Galadriel knew what evil had been brought into the Golden Wood. She revealed her own ring to Frodo, and showed him her [[Mirror of Galadriel|mirror]].<ref>{{FR|II7}}</ref> Then the Fellowship was furnished with new supplies, and sent off down Anduin, bearing the gifts of the Lord and Lady.<ref>{{FR|II8}}</ref><br />
<br />
But the coming of the [[The One Ring|Ring of Power]] was only the beginning of their troubles. The very night the Fellowship arrived, a band of [[Orcs]] crossed the [[Nimrodel (river)|Nimrodel]]. A regiment or so of Nandor were sent out, and destroyed the Orcs. But they were only the heralds of greater conflicts that were to occur. [[Sauron]] unleashed his [[Rhovanion Campaign (WotR)|Rhovanion Campaign]], which involved massive attacks on the Golden Wood.<br />
<br />
On [[11 March]], Orcs from [[Dol Guldur]] swarmed into the forest in a full-scale assault. By the power of the Wood-elves and Galadriel’s ring, they were repulsed. The second wave came on [[15 March]], at the same time as the invasion of Mirkwood. Again, the Orcs were forced out. The third and last attack was made seven days later, [[22 March]]. They caused much destruction, but Celeborn led the Nandor in a great counterattack that routed them utterly. Boats were made, and the armies of Lórien crossed the Anduin. They stormed [[Dol Guldur]] (the [[Nazgûl]] being absent in the war to the south), and took it. Galadriel threw down its walls, and Mirkwood was cleansed. The southern part of Mirkwood fell into the dominion of Lothlórien, and it was called [[East Lórien]].<ref name=Great/><br />
<br />
===Afterward===<br />
[[File:WiMe-Lorien-1.png|thumb|150px|Lórien in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'']]<br />
Only two-and-a-half years after the War of the Ring, Galadriel, the Lady of Lórien, took ship West to Valinor. Celeborn left to [[Rivendell]] several years later, and light departed from Lórien.<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Eastern border of Lothlórien in the southern [[Eryn Lasgalen]] became the [[East Lórien]]. The Nandor of that land either merged into the Kingdom of [[Thranduil]], or stayed in Lórien to fade and eventually pass away westward.<br />
<br />
In the [[Fourth Age 121]], a grief-filled Arwen Undómiel traveled to Lothlórien after Aragorn surrendered his life, surrendering her own life upon [[Cerin Amroth]]. "[T]here is her green grave, until the world is changed, and all the days of her life are utterly forgotten..."<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Locations==<br />
*[[Caras Galadhon]]<br />
*[[Cerin Amroth]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Lothlórien'', said to mean "Lórien of the Blossom", is a compound of [[Sindarin]] ''[[loth]]'' + [[Quenya]] ''Lórien'' "?Dream Land"). [[Treebeard]] translates the name as "Dreamflower".<ref name=HMRC>{{HM|RC}}, p. 300 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref> <br />
<br />
==Names==<br />
Lothlórien was often shortened to '''Lórien''', or the '''Golden Wood''' (referring to the golden [[mallorn]] trees that grew in that land).<ref name=HMRC/><ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 48</ref> Other names recorded for the region were:<br />
<br />
* '''''Laurelindórenan''''' [[Quenya|Q.]] ("Valley of Singing Gold")<br />
* ''[[Lórinand]]'' ?[[Nandorin|N.]] ("valley of gold")<ref name=UTG>{{UT|Galadriel}}, note 5</ref><br />
* '''''Laurenandë''''' Q. "Valley of gold"<ref name=UTG/><br />
* '''''Glornan''''' [[Sindarin|S.]] "Valley of gold"<ref name=UTG/><br />
* '''''Nan Laur''''' S. "Valley of gold"<ref name=UTG/><br />
* '''''Lindórinand''''' ?[[Nandorin|N.]] "Vale of the Land of the Singers"<ref name=UTG/><br />
* '''''Dwimordene'''''. The name means "haunted valley" in [[Old English]].<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', entry "Dwimordene"</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in Adaptions==<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Lórien is one of the several battlegrounds in this game. The trees are just normal trees. <br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:Lórien was portrayed more as a city of moonshine and soft candlelight, in stark contrast to its brilliant golden appearance (filled with sunshine) in the books.<br />
<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:After defeating the Balrog, the Fellowship enters Lothlórien. There are no missions; stepping towards a ladder triggers the [[Mirror of Galadriel]]-scene and continues the game.<br />
<br />
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''<br />
:In the Good Campaign, Lothlórien (along with the Fellowship) is attacked by several waves of [[orcs]] and [[trolls]]. The area is full of treasures, which form the only income needed to make elven archers.<br />
<br />
[[File:Map - Lothlorien.jpg|thumb|400px|Map of Lothlorien from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''.]]<br />
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:Similar to ''The Battle for Middle-earth'', a skirmish takes place after Fellowship's arrival in Lothlorien. Player's goal during the mission is to protect two mallorn trees from attacks for a certain period of time.<br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':''' <br />
:Lothlorien makes appearance as a Battleground in both "Evil" campaign and skirmish model. The layout of the map drastically differs from the ones in the game-predecessor.<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Lothlorien is one of major regions of the game, added following the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]]'' expansion. It is inhabited by over a hundred of non-playable characters, who are involved in hundreds of various quests. The map shows the major landmarks of the area: The [[Mirrormere]], rivers [[Anduin]], [[Nimrodel]] and [[Celebrant]], [[Cerin Amroth]] and [[Caras Galadhon]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lothlorien}}<br />
[[Category:Forests]]<br />
[[Category:Lothlórien| ]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Lothlórien]]<br />
[[fi:Lothlórien]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/forets/rhovanion/lothlorien]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B3rellin&diff=267439Lórellin2015-05-16T18:44:38Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Lórellin''' was a tree-shadowed lake in the gardens of [[Irmo]], called [[Lórien in Valinor|Lórien]]. On an island in the lake, Lórien's spouse [[Estë]] sleeps each day.<ref>{{S|Vala}}</ref><br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lorellin}}<br />
[[Category:Lakes]]<br />
[[Category:Valinor]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Lórellin]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/aman/lorellin]]<br />
[[fi:Lórellin]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Long_List_of_the_Ents&diff=267302Long List of the Ents2015-05-16T06:14:14Z<p>Gamling: Created page with "The '''Long List of the Ents'''<ref>{{RK|I1a}}</ref> was a song of lore known to the Ents that listed every living creature known to them. On 29 February {{TA|3019}}, [[..."</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Long List of the Ents'''<ref>{{RK|I1a}}</ref> was a song of lore known to the [[Ents]] that listed every living creature known to them.<br />
<br />
On [[29 February]] {{TA|3019}}, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] met [[Treebeard]] in [[Fangorn Forest]].<ref name=Great>{{App|Great}}</ref> Puzzled to meet creatures he had never seen before, Treebeard began reciting the list to see if he could recall where the two [[Hobbits]] might fit in, but decided that they were indeed missing. Pippin suggested adding a new line, ''Half-grown hobbits, the hole-dwellers'', next to [[Men]], which Treebeard thought was a good idea.<ref>{{TT|III4}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the parley with [[Saruman]] on [[5 March]],<ref name=Great/> Treebeard greeted the victors and revealed that he had added Hobbits to the Long List: <br />
<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;"><br />
Ents the earthborn, old as mountains,<br />
the wide-walkers, water drinking;<br />
and hungry as hunters, the Hobbit children,<br />
the laughing-folk, the little people,<ref>{{TT|III10}}</ref><br />
</poem><br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rhymes_of_Lore&diff=267301Rhymes of Lore2015-05-16T05:49:52Z<p>Gamling: Updated a link</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Rhymes of Lore''' are small poems that refer to ancient events of history. Rhymes of Lore seem to originate from the [[Dúnedain]] of [[Arnor]], some were known to the [[Hobbits]] who also had some Rhymes of their own.<ref>{{TT|Palantir}}</ref> The [[Long List of the Ents]] may also be an example of Rhymes of Lore.<ref name=guide>{{HM|Guide}} p. 329</ref><br />
<br />
On his way to [[Minas Tirith]] [[Gandalf]] mumbled to himself a Rhyme about the [[Downfall of Númenor]], making [[Pippin]] to inquire about it.<br />
:''Tall ships and [[High Men|tall kings]]<br>Three times three,<br>What brought they from the [[Númenor|foundered land]] <br>Over the [[Belegaer|flowing sea]]? <br>Seven stars and [[palantíri|seven stones]] <br>And one [[White Tree|white tree]].''<ref group=note>The rhyme is titled "A Rhyme of Lore"</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
[[Robert Foster]] describes the Rhymes of Lore as a medium that aids the retention of ancient facts.<ref name=guide/> They are comparable to [[Wikipedia:Gnomic poetry#Medieval_and_early_modern_gnomic_literature|Gnomic Verses]] that preserve important ideas of the Anglo-Saxon society. Their rhyme make them easy to remember.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Anglo-Saxon-Part-1.pdf|articlename=Tolkien Society Anglo-Saxon Study Pack 1|dated=2014|website=[http://www.tolkiensociety.org The Tolkien Society]}}</ref><br />
==Adaptations==<br />
A musical version of this poem was recorded by the [[Tolkien Ensemble]] on their album ''A Night in Rivendell''.<br />
{{references|notes}}<br />
[[Category:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Long_Lake&diff=267300Long Lake2015-05-16T05:44:22Z<p>Gamling: Added history, references</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Longlake map.gif|thumb|The vicinity of the Long Lake]]<br />
The '''Long Lake''' was the lake that lay to the south of the [[Lonely Mountain]] and [[Dale]].<ref>{{H|Wilderland}}</ref> On its western shore near the mouth of the [[Forest River]] was the site of [[Lake-town]], home of the trading people of the [[Lake-men]]. It was wide enough that the opposite shores looked small and far, while the northern and southern ends could not be seen at all. It was fed by the Forest River and the [[River Running]] which then flowed out of the Lake over a high waterfall at its southern end. The two rivers filled what once must have been a deep rocky valley.<ref>{{H|Welcome}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Before the exile of the [[Dwarves]] from [[Moria]], the realm of [[Thranduil]] is said to have extended to the western shores of the Long Lake.<ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref> Later, after the founding of the [[Kingdom Under the Mountain]] and the city of [[Dale]], the trade-town of Lake-town grew up near the inflow of the River Running. In {{TA|2914}} the lake became the grave site of the dragon [[Smaug]].<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Lakes]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Longbottom&diff=267299Longbottom2015-05-16T05:25:15Z<p>Gamling: Added references</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Longbottom.jpg|thumb|[[Matěj Čadil]] - ''Longbottom'']]<br />
'''Longbottom''' was a village or town in the [[Southfarthing]] of [[the Shire]].<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref> It was the home of some of the [[Hornblower Family|Hornblowers]]. The village and its surroundings were sheltered from the elements, probably by the valley's sides.<br />
<br />
In {{TA|2670}} (1070 by the [[Shire-reckoning]]), a certain [[Tobold Hornblower]] introduced a new herb there.<ref>{{FR|Pipeweed}}</ref> The valley's sheltered aspect, and the relatively warm climate of the Southfarthing, made the region around Longbottom ideal for growing this new plant, [[pipe-weed]], which rapidly became the centre of a thriving industry. [[Longbottom Leaf]] remained one of the most famous varieties of the weed.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The element bottom is frequent in English place-names (and their surnames like [[wikipedia:Ramsbottom|Ramsbottom]]); it means "valley", especially its head or inner end.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 773</ref><br />
<br />
[[David Salo]] suggests that it represents a possible [[Old English|Old Hobbitish]] ''Langbotm'' meaning "Long Valley".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=http://groups.yahoo.com/group/elfling/message/121|articlename=Hobbitish Place-names|dated=23 November 1998|website=[[Elfling]]}}</ref><br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages of the Shire]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Long_Night&diff=267298Long Night2015-05-16T05:17:05Z<p>Gamling: Created page with "The '''Long Night''' was the time between the Darkening of Valinor and the first rising of the Sun.<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref> {{references}} category:Periods"</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Long Night''' was the time between the [[Darkening of Valinor]] and the first rising of the [[Sun]].<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[category:Periods]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Long_Peace&diff=267297Long Peace2015-05-16T05:09:57Z<p>Gamling: Added links, references</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Long Peace''' is a term referring to the extended peace in [[Beleriand]] in the [[First Age]] during which [[Morgoth]] did not try to break the [[Siege of Angband]]. It began when [[Glaurung]] was defeated<ref name=Return>{{S|Return}}</ref> in the First Age year {{FA|260|n}}<ref name="GA260">{{GA|260}}</ref> and ended with the [[Dagor Bragollach]]<ref name=Fingolfin>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> in {{FA|455|n}}<ref>{{GA|145}}</ref> – lasting some 195 years.<br />
<br />
During this period the [[Elves|Elven]] peoples in north west [[Middle-earth]] prospered. It was also during the Long Peace that the [[Edain]] passed into Beleriand from the east.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The forces of [[Darkness]] attempted to break the Siege of Angband. Glaurung the Worm managed to drive the [[Noldor]] off Ard-galen, however he was too young, and was pushed back by [[Fingon]]. It was then decided that Glaurung should wait to mature until ready to strike back.<ref name=Return/> This long wait allowed for the races of Beleriand to recover and prosper.<br />
<br />
The first major event during those years was the arrival of the [[Edain]] into Beleriand, looking for the land of the [[Valar|Gods]] in the [[Uttermost West|West]]. [[Finrod]] quickly befriended these first [[Men]] and advised them to settle in [[Estolad]] in the realm of [[Amrod]].<ref>{{S|West}}</ref> In {{FA|402}}, [[Orcs]] attempted to break through the [[Pass of Aglon]], but the people of [[Bëor]] helped [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]] throw back the invaders.<ref>{{GA|125}}</ref> This was the first time Men fought on behalf of the [[Eldar]]. Their head was also given the region of [[Ladros]] of [[Dorthonion]]. <br />
<br />
Around that time, the [[Haladin]], the [[House of Hador|people of Marach]], and the [[Easterlings]] crossed over the [[Blue Mountains]] into [[Beleriand]]. <br />
<br />
The Haladin dwelt in [[Thargelion]] as scattered groups until a host of orcs assaulted their territory in {{FA|375}}. They built a stockade between the angle of [[Gelion]] and [[Ascar]] until [[Caranthir]]'s army could relieve them. [[Haleth]] declined a fief in his lands and moved on to [[Talath Dirnen]] to settle in the [[Forest of Brethil]].<br />
<br />
The Marachians remained in Estolad after the Beorians, becoming close allies with the [[House of Fingolfin]] in [[Hithlum]] and then moved to the southern slopes of the [[Ered Wethrin]]; during the time of [[Hador]] in {{FA|416}} they were granted permanent fief of [[Dor-lómin]].<br />
<br />
The period ended when the Siege was broken in the [[Dagor Bragollach]].<ref name=Fingolfin/><br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category: Periods]]<br />
[[fi:Pitkä rauha]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=B%C3%ABor&diff=267285Bëor2015-05-16T01:43:33Z<p>Gamling: Fixed typo</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Edain infobox<br />
| image=[[File:Måns Björkman - Bëor device.gif|center]]<br />
| name=Bëor the Old<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Balan<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=Vassal of [[Finrod]]<br />
| location=[[Nargothrond]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=<br />
| birth={{FA|262}}<br />
| birthlocation=East of the [[Blue Mountains]]<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{FA|355}}<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=93<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Bëor]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Baran]] and [[Belen]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Beor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Bëor the Old''' ({{FA|262}} – {{FA|355|n}}, aged 93 years<ref name="Coming">{{WJ|14}}</ref>{{rp|231}}) was the leader of the first [[Men]] to cross the [[Blue Mountains]] into [[Beleriand]] in the First Age. He was originally named '''Balan'''.<ref name="West">{{S|West}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The man once born as Balan (perhaps in [[Eriador]]) was one of the people who sought to reach the [[Valar|Gods]] in the [[Uttermost West|West]]. With his sons [[Belen]] and [[Baran]] and his people, they met [[Dwarves]] and [[Avari]] before eventually crossing the [[Blue Mountains]] in {{FA|310}}.<br />
<br />
One night as they slept in [[Ossiriand]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] came upon Balan and his people and enchanted them with his music as they woke up. Finrod quickly befriended the Men and advised them to settle in [[Estolad]] in the realm of [[Amrod]].<ref name="West"/> <br />
<br />
In {{FA|311}}, Balan left with Finrod for his kingdom of [[Nargothrond]], where he served as his vassal until his death.<ref name="Coming"/>{{rp|218, 227}} Bëor's eldest son, [[Baran]], ruled the [[House of Bëor|people of Bëor]] in his stead. The friendship of Bëor and Baran with the Eldar led to the creation of the [[House of Bëor|First House]] of the [[Edain]], which produced some of the greatest heroes of the First Age.<br />
<br />
Balan was called ''Bëor'' by the [[Nargothrond]]rim, which meant "vassal" in [[Taliska]], the language of the the people of Bëor. When Bëor finally died at the age of 93 willingly, a very old age for men at that time, he was given the epithet ''the Old''.<ref name="West"/><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | BEO | | |BEO='''BËOR THE OLD'''}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | BAR | | BEL |BAR=[[Baran]]|BEL=[[Belen]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | BOR | | BNR | | |BOR=[[Boron]]|BNR=[[Baranor (son of Baran)|Baranor]]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In the introduction to ''[[The Grey Annals]]'', [[Christopher Tolkien]] stated that they were written in the 1930s.<ref>{{WJ|P1}}, p, 3</ref> This work was laid aside while J.R.R. Tolkien wrote ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', after which he returned to his work on the elder days. In Tolkien's later writings the coming of the [[Edain]] over the Blue Mountains was relocated nearly a century earlier, which occasioned a large-scale overhaul of the chronology and genealogies.<ref name="Coming" />{{rp|229}}<br />
<br />
In the older ''Grey Annals'', Bëor was born in {{FA}} 370<ref>{{GA|121}}</ref>, met Felagund in {{FA|400|n}}<ref>{{GA|124}}</ref>, and died in {{FA|450|n}}.<ref>{{GA|144}}</ref> In the new version Bëor was born in {{FA|262}}, encountered Felagund in {{FA|310|n}}, and died at age 93 in {{FA|355|n}}.<ref name="Coming" />{{rp|229}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=edain<br />
| house=[[House of Bëor]]<br />
| born={{FA|262}}<br />
| died={{FA|355}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=None<br />
| prev=New position<br />
| list=First Head of the [[House of Bëor]]<br />
| dates=unknown - {{FA|311}}<br />
| next=[[Baran]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beor}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Edain]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:House of Bëor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Taliska words]]<br />
[[de:Beor der Alte]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:1a:peuple_de_beor:beor_l_ancien]]<br />
[[fi:Bëor]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Eques&diff=267035Eques2015-05-15T06:15:32Z<p>Gamling: Added references</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Eques''' (pl.''equessi'') is [[Quenya]]n for 'saying', 'dictum', 'quotation'.<ref>{{WJ|AD}}, p. 392</ref><br />
<br />
''[[I Equessi Rúmilo]]'', "The Sayings of Rúmil", are the ancient saga of Tirion that was handed down by tradition of mouth.<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}, pp. 397-398</ref><br />
<br />
''Eques'' is also the verb ''[[equë]]'' (that was used mostly just before an independent pronoun or after 'that'-conjuction) having an affix added to it, making a meaning ''said he, said someone''. This structure was usually used in reporting a dialogue.<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, Note 29, p. 415</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Aearon&diff=267009Aearon2015-05-14T21:52:52Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''aearon''' is [[Sindarin]] for ''great ocean'' or ''great sea''. [[aear]] = ocean, -on is an augmentive suffice.<ref>{{RGEO|Elbereth}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* [[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Aear&diff=267008Aear2015-05-14T21:51:45Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''aear''' is one of the [[Sindarin]] forms for ''ocean''<ref>{{RGEO|Elbereth}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* [[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Nai&diff=267007Nai2015-05-14T21:42:41Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''''nai''''' is a [[Quenya]] word. It means, roughly, ''be it that''.<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}, line 17</ref><br />
==Etymology==<br />
Verb ''[[na]]'' and article ''[[i]]''.<br />
==See also==<br />
*''[[cenai]]''<br />
*''[[aen]]''<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
[[Category:Quenya words]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Nainie&diff=267006Nainie2015-05-14T21:34:57Z<p>Gamling: Redirected page to Nainië</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Nainië]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Naini%C3%AB&diff=267005Nainië2015-05-14T21:34:02Z<p>Gamling: Created page with "'''Nainië''' is a Quenya word that means ''lament''.<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}, subtitle</ref> {{references}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nainie}} Category:Quenya nouns"</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Nainië''' is a [[Quenya]] word that means ''lament''.<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}, subtitle</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nainie}}<br />
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Aldud%C3%A9ni%C3%AB&diff=267004Aldudénië2015-05-14T21:28:42Z<p>Gamling: Updated a link</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Aldudénië''' ([[Quenya|Q]], possibly pron. {{IPA|[ˌalduˈdeːni.e]}}) is a poem lamenting the death of the [[Two Trees]], composed by [[Elemmírë (Elf)|Elemmírë]] of the [[Vanyar]], soon after the event. It was famous to all the [[Eldar]], but never recorded.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref><br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Aldudénie'' is said to mean "lament of the Two Trees" and contains ''[[alda|aldu]]'', the dual of ''[[alda]]'' "tree".<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref><br />
<br />
The other element *''dénie'' which obviously means "lament", is of problematic etymology since the intermedial "d" does not exist in [[Quenya]] (only the "ld" "nd" and "rd" are present).<br />
<br />
Another similar Quenya word for lament is ''[[nainië]]'' from [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[NAY]].<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aldudenie}}<br />
[[Category:Lays and Tales]]<br />
[[Category:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]<br />
[[de:Aldudénië]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/arts/chants_et_recits/aldudenie]]<br />
[[fi:Aldudénië]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A1-&diff=267003Ná-2015-05-14T21:23:32Z<p>Gamling: Updated two references</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
'''na''' is the [[Quenya]] verb for "to be"<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}, line 15</ref>. <br />
<br />
Also, ''ná'' means "yes, it is so"<ref>{{VT|49a}}, p. 28</ref><br />
==Etymology==<br />
[[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[NA2]]<Ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref><br />
==Forms==<br />
<!-- the following contains only attested forms of the verb; it's not for reconstructions or 'lessons' --><br />
Various attested forms of "to be"<ref>{{VT|42a}}</ref><ref>{{VT|49a}}</ref><br />
*''ná'' "is"<br />
**''nánye/nanye'' "I am"<br />
**''nalye'' "you are" (polite)<br />
**''natye'' "you are" (familiar)<br />
**''nás "it is" <br />
**''náse'' "(s)he is"<br />
**''nalme'' "we are"<br />
**''nát'' "they (dual) are"<br />
**''nar/nár'' "they are"<br />
*''náne/né'' "was"<br />
**''anen'' "I was" <br />
**''anel'' "you were" <br />
**''nése'' "he was"<br />
**''anes'' "(s)he/it was"<br />
**''nét'' "they (dual) were"<br />
**''náner/nér'' "they were"<br />
*''uva/nauva'' "will be"<br />
**''nauvan'' "I will be"<br />
*''anaie'' "has been"<br />
<br />
*''náve'' "being" (infinitive/gerund)<Ref>{{PE|17}}</ref><br />
*''na'' "let it be" (imperative)<br />
**''[[nai]]'' "be it that"<br />
<br />
==Syntax==<br />
''Na'' is following the sentece. When used in imperative, it precedes the adjective.<ref>{{VT|43a}}, p.14</ref><br />
*''na aire'' "be holy"<br />
*''aire na'' "it is holy"<br />
==See also==<br />
*''[[nai]]'' "may it be that..."<br />
*''[[mana]]'' "what is"<br />
*''[[násie]]'' "amen"<br />
*''[[nat]]'' "thing"<br />
*''[[ea (verb)|ea]]''<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.phy.duke.edu/~trenk/elvish/to_be.html Elvish verb "to be"]<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Na}}<br />
[[Category:Quenya verbs]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Oiale&diff=267002Oiale2015-05-14T21:18:51Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''oiale''' is a a [[Quenya]] adverb meaning "forever, eternally, in eternity,<ref>[[Parma Eldalamberon 17]]</ref> everlastingly"<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}, line 14</ref>. It can also be used as a noun for "everlasting [?age]"<ref>{{HM|LR}}, [[The Etymologies]]</ref><br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word could have be the [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[OY]] or a stem like ''[[oio]]'' "an endless period" plus an ending -le.<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[oio]]<br />
*[[oiala]]/[[oialea]]<br />
*[[oira]]/[[oire]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
[[Category:Quenya adverbs]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=H%C3%ADsi%C3%AB&diff=267001Hísië2015-05-14T21:15:22Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''''hísië''''' is a noun meaning "mist" in [[Quenya]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''hîth''</ref> Compare with ''[[hîth]]'' in [[Sindarin]].<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
* ''[[Hisilómë]]'' = "(Land of) Misty Night"<br />
* ''[[Hísimë]]'' = "November"<br />
{{quote|i falmalinnar imbë met, ar '''hísië''' ('on the foaming waves between us, and '''mist'''')<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}, line 13</ref>|''[[Namárië]]''}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* ''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' by [[Ruth S. Noel]]<br />
* [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/qlist.htm Quenya Corpus Wordlist] edited by [[Helge Fauskanger]]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hisie}}<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Fanya&diff=267000Fanya2015-05-14T21:03:32Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''''fanya''''' is a [[quenya]] word meaning "(white) cloud".<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
{{quote|ve '''fanyar''' máryat Elentári ortanë, ('from Mount Everwhite has uplifted her hands like '''clouds''',')<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}, line 10</ref>|''[[Namárië]]''}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=An&diff=266999An2015-05-14T20:59:54Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''''an''''' is a preposition meaning "to, towards, for" in [[Sindarin]]. In [[Quenya]] the preposition means "for" or "because".<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}, line 9</ref><br />
<br />
When used as a prefix, '''''an-''''' means "by" or "with" in [[Sindarin]].<br />
<br />
In [[Adûnaic]] ''an-'' or '''n-'' means "of"<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* ''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' by [[Ruth S. Noel]]<br />
* [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] compiled by [[Didier Willis]]<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
[[Category:Quenya prepositions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin prepositions]]<br />
[[Category:Adûnaic words]]<br />
[[fi:An]]</div>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AD&diff=266998Sí2015-05-14T20:55:31Z<p>Gamling: Added a reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''''sí''''' is a [[Quenya]] word meaning "now".<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
{{quote|Sí man i yulma nin enquantuva? ('Who now shall refill the cup for me?')<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}, line 8</ref>|''[[Namárië]]''}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Si}}<br />
[[Category:Quenya words]]</div>Gamling