https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Akhorahil&feedformat=atomTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T10:47:20ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Narmacil_II&diff=388471Narmacil II2024-03-28T18:02:14Z<p>Akhorahil: Added an OVOTL section</p>
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<div>{{disambig-two|twenty-ninth King of Gondor|seventeenth King|[[Narmacil I]]}}<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Narmacil II<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth={{TA|1684}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule={{TA|1850}} - {{TA|1856|n}} (6 years)<br />
| death={{TA|1856}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Battle of the Plains]]<br />
| age=172<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Anárion]]<br />
| parentage=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil|Telumehtar]]<br />
| siblings=[[Arciryas]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Narmacil II''' ({{TA|1684}}<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> - {{TA|1856|n}},<ref name="south">{{App|South}}</ref> aged 172 years)was the twenty-ninth [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]. Narmacil was the son and successor to [[Telumehtar Umbardacil]] and brother of [[Arciryas]].<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
During Narmacil's reign a new confederacy of many peoples called the [[Wainriders]] appeared from the East. Encouraged by emissaries from [[Sauron]] they suddenly assaulted [[Gondor]].<ref name="Gondor"/> Narmacil brought a great army into the plains south of [[Mirkwood]] and gathered what remnants of the [[Northmen]] he could to meet the threat.<ref>{{UT|Northmen}}</ref> However, these new enemies were stronger and better armed than before, traveling in great wains with warriors mounted in chariots. In the [[Battle of the Plains]] Narmacil was slain north-east of the [[Morannon]]. Thereafter the people of southern and eastern [[Rhovanion]] were enslaved while the border of Gondor was withdrawn to the [[Anduin]].<ref name="Gondor"/><br />
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==Etymology==<br />
:''See: [[Narmacil I#Etymology]]''<br />
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==Genealogy==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | TAR | | | | |TAR=[[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1577|n}} - {{TA|1798|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | TEL | | | | |TEL=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1632|n}} - {{TA|1850|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | NAR | | | | | | ARC |NAR='''NARMACIL II'''<br/><small>''{{TA|1684|n}} - {{TA|1856|n}}''†</small>|ARC=[[Arciryas]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | CAL | | | | | | CAM |CAL=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1736|n}} - {{TA|1936|n}}''</small>|CAM=[[Calimmacil]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | OND | | DAU | | SIR |OND=[[Ondoher]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1787|n}} - {{TA|1944|n}}''†</small>|DAU=''daughter''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|SIR=[[Siriondil (son of Calimmacil)|Siriondil]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
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==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
The earliest version of what would later become Appendix A mentioned that there was a battle with the Ringwraiths in his time, that the Ringwraiths seized Mordor and that Osgiliath ended to be the seat of the Kings of Gondor.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, Commentary, Narmakil II, manuscript A</ref> In the next version the Ringwraiths had seized Mordor long ago, attacked Ithilien and the Witch-king killed Narmakil. This was changed to that the Ringwraiths reentered Mordor, that Men out of the East riding in great wains attacked Gondor and that Narmakil was killed in battle.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, Commentary, Narmakil II, manuscript A</ref> In the latest version the ceasing of the vigilance is added as the reason for the Ringwraiths reentering Mordor. It is added that Narmakil II died in a battle with them northeast of the Morannon, but the Men out of the East still remain unnamed.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, manuscript C, The Southern Line of Gondor: the Anarioni, entry 29. Narmakil II, p. 200</ref><br />
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{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=gondorian<br />
| house=[[House of Anárion]]<small><br/>Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]</small><br />
| born={{TA|1684}}<br />
| died={{TA|1856}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil]]<br />
| list=29th [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{TA|1850}} - {{TA|1856|n}}<br />
| next=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:House of Anárion]]<br />
[[category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
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[[de:Narmacil II.]]<br />
[[fi:Narmacil II]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/narmacil_ii]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Fornad01&diff=388395User talk:Fornad012024-03-26T11:19:13Z<p>Akhorahil: Edits to the Minas Tirith page</p>
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{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Fornad01}}<br />
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-- [[User:Mith|<span style="color:#2F4F4F">'''Mith'''</span>]] <small>([[User talk:Mith|<span style="color:#696969">'''Talk'''</span>]]/[[Special:Contributions/Mith|<span style="color:#708090">Contribs</span>]]/[[Special:Editcount/Mith/Edits|<span style="color:#778899">Edits</span>]])</small> 23:21, 28 October 2020 (UTC)<br />
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==Edits to the Rammas Echor page==<br />
Thank you for your interest in Tolkien Gateway and for taking the time to create a user account and your interest to contribute to the content of the Rammas Echor page. It seems that you did not read the [[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style]], which was mentioned on the discussion page (talk page) of your user page and did not read the [[Help:References]] page before making your edit. I noticed that you did not write your text in an in-universe style as would have been required by the manual of style. Since you wrote your text in an out-of-universe style in which you mentioned the sources of your statements directly in the text instead of in references (which appear like footnoes), I reverted your edits. It would make it easier for other users to review your edit if you do not split it up into many micro-edits. I will edit the Rammas Echor page and will check if I can include information from your edit in an in universe style. I read your post on r tolkienfans on reddit and read the thread on the Barrow Downs forum that was mentioned there with great interest. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 13:34, 23 May 2023 (UTC)<br />
:::Hi - thanks for making those changes. Apologies for not writing it out correctly! I'm glad you found this tidbit interesting. [[User:Fornad01|Fornad]] ([[User talk:Fornad01|talk]]) 09:44, 4 June 2023 (UTC)<br />
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==Edits to the Angle (Eriador) page==<br />
The content that you introduced was interesting and potentially relevant for the page. However, you again wrote the content in an out-of-universe style in which you mentioned the sources of your statements directly in the text instead of in references, after I had informed you not to do this and pointed out the Manual of Style to you. In addition, you wrote the references as clear text. I recommend to have a look at our templates for references for various books (e.g. Template:FR for The Fellowship of the Ring, Template:TT for The Two Towers, Template:RK for The Return of the King, Template:App for The Appendices of LOTR, Template:PM for The Peoples of Middle-earth, Template:NM for The Nature of Middle-earth, Template:UT for Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth, Template:S for the Silmarillion, Template:HM for various books, etc.) and to use templates for references in the future. The only thing that you need to add manually in the templates after the brackets are page numbers (for books of editions where Help:References encourages to use page numbers), notes or footnoes). --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 14:05, 14 August 2023 (UTC)<br />
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==Edits to the Minas Tirith page==<br />
I reverted two of your edits to the Minas Tirith page, because they introduced speculative content that was not disclosed as speculative in your text and that was not supported by the references that you cited or because they were mostly unnecessary. Just because the Annals of the Kings and Rulers (i.e. Appendix A) of LOTR does not mention the details of the conflicts during the Kinstrife in Gondor does not mean that we know what Castamir did to get control of Minas Anor. The Annals say nothing if the population of Minas Anor flocked to Eldacar. The only mention folk from Anórien and they do not specify if Minas Anor was considered to be a part of Anórien at that time. We do not know when Minas Anor or Minas Tirith ceased to be a part of Anórien, because Tolkien was not specific about that. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 11:19, 26 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Minas_Tirith&diff=388394Minas Tirith2024-03-26T11:09:04Z<p>Akhorahil: Undo revision 388389 by Fornad01 (talk) The edit introduced speculative elements, which were not supported by the cited source</p>
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<div>{{disambig-more|Minas Tirith|[[Minas Tirith (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Minas Tirith<br />
| image=[[File:Ralph Damiani - Across Middle-earth - The White City.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="The White City" by [[Ralph Damiani]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=[[Minas Tirith#History|Minas Anor]]<br>[[Mundburg]]<br>the Tower of Guard<br>the Guarded City<br>Tower of Anor<br />
| location=Easternmost point of the [[White Mountains]], close to [[Anduin]]<br />
| type=City<br />
| description=White city of seven levels<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]<br />
| created={{SA|3320}}<ref name="AppB-2A">{{App|SA}}</ref><br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=[[Siege of Minas Tirith]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Quote|But Minas Anor endured, and it was named anew Minas Tirith, the Tower of Guard; for there the kings caused to be built in the citadel [[Tower of Ecthelion|a white tower]], very tall and fair, and its eye was upon many lands. Proud still and strong was that city, and in it the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] still flowered for a while before the house of the Kings.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]"}}<br />
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'''Minas Tirith''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Guard') was a city of [[Gondor]], originally called '''Minas Anor'''. From {{TA|1640}}<ref name="AppB-3A"/> onwards it was the capital of the South-kingdom and the seat of its [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]] and ruling [[Stewards of Gondor|Stewards]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Minas Anor===<br />
The city of Minas Tirith was originally a fortress, Minas Anor ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Sun'), which was probably built after the founding of the realm of Gondor in {{SA|3320}} before {{SA|3429}}.<ref name="AppB-2A">{{App|SA}}</ref> It was the western counterpart to [[Minas Ithil]] ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Moon'): though was originally of less importance, and was built as a small fort on the summit of Amon Anor mostly to guard [[Rath Dínen]], the Tombs of the Kings<ref>{{NM|P3xvii}}, Text 2, p. 365</ref>. From Osgiliath the sons of [[Elendil]] jointly ruled the newly-founded [[Gondor|South-kingdom]], but Minas Anor was home to [[Anárion]]'s House and Minas Ithil to [[Isildur]]'s.<ref name="S-Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> Therefore when the seven ''[[palantíri]]'' were divided amongst the [[Realms in Exile]] one was placed in Minas Anor.<ref name="AppA">{{App|A}}</ref><ref name="TT-Palantir">{{TT|Palantir}}.</ref><br />
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[[Sauron]] attacked Gondor in {{SA|3429}}, [[First Fall of Minas Ithil|taking]] [[Minas Ithil]] and forcing Isildur to flee north to his father in [[Arnor]]. Anárion meanwhile was besieged in Osgiliath and Minas Anor,<ref name="AppB-2A"/> until he was relieved by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In {{TA|2}} Isildur planted the second [[White Tree of Gondor]] in Minas Anor in memory of his brother, who had perished during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. From this point the Kingship of Gondor belonged solely to the heirs of Anárion, who continued to rule from Osgiliath.<ref name="AppB-3A">{{App|TA}}</ref><ref name="PM-Heirs">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
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In {{TA|420}}<ref name="AppB-3A"/> Minas Anor was rebuilt by [[Ostoher]], the seventh [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]], and from his reign onwards the Kings removed there from Osgiliath in the summer.<ref name="AppA"/> It remained the second city of Gondor for the next thousand years as the Kingdom reached the height of its power under the [[Ship-kings]], and then fell into its long decline. Osgiliath was burned and its ''palantír'' lost during the [[Kin-strife]], and from this point Minas Anor gradually grew more prominent. In {{TA|1636}} the old capital was devastated by the [[Great Plague]], leaving it depopulated and falling into ruin. Soon after, [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] permanently moved the [[King's House]] to Minas Anor ({{TA|1640}}).<ref name="AppA"/><ref name="AppB-3A"/><br />
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For a short time under Tarandor and his heirs the decline of Gondor was slowed, although constant wars with various groups of [[Easterlings]] took their toll. In {{TA|1900}} [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] built the first [[Tower of Ecthelion|White Tower]] in the Citadel of Minas Anor to house the city's ''palantír''.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> Just over a century later, however, the kingdom was dealt a harsh blow. In {{TA|2002}} Minas Ithil, where the guard on Mordor had long since slackened, was [[Second Fall of Minas Ithil|captured]] by the [[Nazgûl]]. It became known as Minas Morgul, and in turn Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith, 'Tower of the Guard' or the 'Guarded City'.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/> Soon after [[Eärnur]], the last King of Gondor, was killed in the Morgul Vale, and the lordship of the South-kingdom passed to the [[Stewards]].<ref name="AppA"/><br />
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===Minas Tirith===<br />
[[File:John Howe - Minas Tirith.jpg|thumb|left|"Minas Tirith" by [[John Howe]]]]Following a brief respite in the [[Watchful Peace]], Gondor under the Stewards became increasingly beset by enemies: control of [[Ithilien]] and the ruined bridges of [[Osgiliath]] passed back and forth between Minas Tirith and Minas Morgul,the coastlands were raided by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and Easterlings assailed them from the north.<ref name="AppA"/> The Citadel was improved under [[Ecthelion I]] ({{TA|2685}}&ndash;{{TA|2698|n}}),<ref name="AppA"/> who rebuilt the [[Tower of Ecthelion| White Tower]] which afterwards bore his name.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> But equally the White Tree died at the same time as the twenty-first Steward, [[Belecthor II]], and this time a new seedling could not be found to replace it.<ref name="AppA" /><br />
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In the reign of [[Ecthelion II]] ({{TA|2953}}&ndash;{{TA|2984}})<ref name="AppA"/> Minas Tirith was strengthened against Mordor, where Sauron had now declared himself openly. It was at this time that [[Aragorn]] the future King first came to the city under the name [[Thorongil]], and did great deeds.<ref name="AppA"/><br />
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===War of the Ring===<br />
{{main|Battle of the Pelennor Fields}}<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the brunt of [[Mordor]]'s assault on the [[Free peoples]] was directed at Gondor and Minas Tirith. [[Cair Andros]] fell on [[10 March]] {{TA|3019}} and on [[12 March]] a company led by [[Faramir]] was forced to retreat from its defence of Osgiliath.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> An effort was made to repair the Rammas Echor, but this came too late.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/> With the crossings of Anduin taken the Pelennor was overrun, and Minas Tirith was besieged by a great army of Morgul orcs and Easterlings led by the [[Witch-king]]. The city was under-manned, and its defenders had little hope; on [[15 March]] the Great Gate was breached and the last ruling Steward, [[Denethor|Denethor II]], burned himself in despair.<ref name="RK-Siege">{{RK|Siege}}</ref><ref name="RK-Pyre">{{RK|Pyre}}</ref> But [[Gandalf]] was also present, and rescuing Faramir from his father he took charge of the defence of Minas Tirith. The [[Rohirrim]] under [[Théoden]] also came unlooked for to the city's aid, and [[Aragorn]] led a force up the river from [[Pelargir]]. Seeing this [[Imrahil]], [[Prince of Dol Amroth]], led a sally from the city, and the three armies were able to break the siege in the decisive [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref name="RK-Pelennor">{{RK|Battle}}</ref><br />
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On [[1 May]] {{TA|3019}}, returning with the victorious from the [[Battle of the Morannon]], Aragorn was crowned on the plain outside Minas Tirith, and he entered the city as King Elessar. On [[25 June]] he discovered a sapling of the line of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]] in a hidden hallow of Mount Mindolluin. This was planted in the Court of the Fountain &ndash; the fourth White Tree of Gondor.<ref name="RK-StewardKing">{{RK|Steward}}.</ref><ref name="AppB-3A"/><br />
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===Fourth Age===<br />
Under King Elessar Minas Tirith was restored and made more beautiful than ever before: the Great Gate was reforged of ''[[mithril]]'' and steel by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Glittering Caves]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}, p. 1080</ref> led by [[Gimli]], the streets were paved with white marble and the city was filled with trees and fountains. Dwarves came to work in the city and [[Elves]] enjoyed coming to it.<ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 968</ref><br />
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==Geography==<br />
[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Minas Tirith.jpg|left|thumb|"Minas Tirith" (unfinished drawing) by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
Minas Tirith was situated on the [[Hill of Guard]] &ndash; the "out-thrust knee" of [[Mount Mindolluin]], connected to the main mass of the mountain by a narrow 'shoulder'.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith">{{RK|MT}}.</ref><ref name="WR-MinasTirith">{{WR|3|III}}.</ref> It faced eastward towards Osgiliath, over the [[Pelennor Fields]] surrounding the city, fertile townlands stretching from the walls of the city proper to the [[Rammas Echor]].<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/><br />
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The city was built on the hill with seven concentric tiers cut on the hill culminating in the [[Citadel of Gondor|Citadel]] at the summit, 700 feet above the plain below. The outer wall was called the [[City Wall]] and was black, of the same material used in [[Orthanc]]. The City Wall was vulnerable only to earthquakes capable of rending the ground where it stood.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/><br />
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Each level was walled and held a gate with each gate faced a different direction: only the great gate and that of the seventh level faced east; the gate to the second level faced southeast, and that to the third faced northeast; so altering between the two such that the path up through the levels wound to and fro rather than following a straight line. An outcropping of rock as high as the seventh level bisected all the lower levels except the lowest on the line of the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith|Great Gate]]. The winding path through the city therefore passed through tunnels in this 'keel' five times. <br />
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The '''First Level''' included the [[Rath Celerdain]], a white paved street with an inn, the [[Old Guesthouse]].<br />
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The '''Sixth Level''' contained stables for riders, and the [[Houses of Healing]]. There was also [[Fen Hollen]], a door which was almost always closed, leading to [[Rath Dínen]]<ref name="RK-MinasTirith" />, the 'shoulder' of rock that joined the Hill to the main mass of Mount Mindolluin rose to the level of the fifth wall and was fortified with large ramparts, where the tombs of the Kings of Gondor and their Stewards lay. The uppermost tunnel was delved into the spur of rock that jutted out of the eastern face of the Hill; The keystone of its archway was carved with the head of a crowned King. [[Guards of the Citadel]] manned the Seventh Gate which faced eastward in line with the Great Gate 700 feet below and emerged into the Citadel, the city's strongest point, surrounded by high walls and battlements on the 'keel'. <br />
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The '''Citadel''' housed the [[Court of the Fountain (Minas Tirith)|Court of the Fountain]] and the [[Tower of Ecthelion]], which brought the total height of the city to 1000 feet.<ref group="note">On the basis of this figure and unpublished sketches by Tolkien [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimated the breadth of the city at 3100 feet in her ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth|Atlas]]''.</ref> Before the Tower grew the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] in a court. There were also the [[King's House]], lodgings for the Steward, [[Merethrond]], barracks for the Guard of the Citadel, and other buildings for guests and other workers.<br />
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==Non-canon statistics==<br />
[[Image:Ryszard_Derdziński_-_Minas_Tirith.jpg|thumb|right|"Minas Tirith" by [[Ryszard Derdziński]]]]<br />
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimates the diameter of the city to be 3,100 feet for the First Circle of the City. <br />
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According to the [[New Line Cinema|New Line]] book ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare]]'', the height of Minas Tirith (in the films) from the foot of the gates to the top of the Tower of Ecthelion (which individually is said to be 300 feet tall) is around 1,000 feet (304.8 m), and the diameter of the city almost three-quarters of a mile (3,960 feet). The book also suggests that the towering bastion of stone, shaped like the keel of a ship, which rose from behind the Great Gates on the first level to the citadel on the seventh, was a quarter of a mile tall (1 320 feet). However this height does not take into account the Tower of Ecthelion, which was situated on the seventh level, meaning that in total the city is some 1,620 feet tall (493.7 m). This means that the city's total height is somewhere between 1,000 feet (304.8 m) and 1,620 feet (493.7 m).<br />
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==Etymology==<br />
''Minas Tirith'' is a [[Sindarin]] name,<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, entry S ''Minas Tirith'', p. 31</ref> which means "Tower of Guard"<ref name=Guard/> or "Tower of Watch"<ref name=PE17/>. Paul Strack suggests that the name is a combination of ''[[minas]]'' ("tower", "fort", "city") and ''[[tirith]]'' ("watch", "ward", "guard").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-538283653.html|articlename=S. ''Minas Tirith'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=27 April 2023}}</ref><br />
==Other names==<br />
''Minas Anor'' is a Sindarin name,<ref name=Eldamo>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-2929446519.html|articlename=S. ''Minas Anor'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=27 April 2023}}</ref> which means "Tower of the Sun"<ref>{{RK|Gate}}, p. 884</ref><ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 964</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Minas Anor''</ref><ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Minas Anor''</ref> or "Tower of the Setting Sun"<ref>{{FR|Council}}, p. 244</ref><ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>. Paul Strack suggests that the name is a combination of ''[[minas]]'' ("tower", "fort", "city") and ''[[Sun#Other names|anor]]'' ("sun").<ref name=Eldamo/> <br />
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''Mundburg'' is a [[Rohanese]] name, which means "Guardian-fortress".<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 400 citing from the entry Mundburg in the 1966 Index</ref> It probably contains the [[Old English]] element ''mund'', which means "protection".<ref>{{TI|King}}, note 7, p. 449</ref><br />
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Minas Tirith was also referred to as the Tower of Guard<ref name=Guard>{{FR|Council}}, p. 245</ref><ref>{{TT|Departure}}, p. 414 and p. 418</ref><ref>{{TT|King}}, pp. 516-7</ref><ref>{{RK|Siege}}, p. 808</ref><ref>{{RK|Gate}}, p. 891</ref><ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 963</ref>, the Guarded City<ref>{{RK|MT}}, p. 751</ref>, and the Tower of Anor<ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 963</ref>,<br />
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The names Stone-city and Stone-houses were used by the [[Drúedain]].<ref>{{RK|V5}}</ref><ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 366</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
Minas Tirith's most obvious historical parallel is the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople. Founded by the Roman emperor Constantine, Constantinople would eventually be one of the largest cities of its day and be a fortress under constant attack by its enemies. Similarly, Minas Tirith would become the chief fortification of Gondor in the latter days of its decline.<br />
<br />
Like Minas Tirith, the Byzantine capital Constantinople sat near a strategic waterway (the Anduin to the Bay of Tolfalas in the case of Minas Tirith, the Bosporus Strait which divides the Mediterranean and Black Seas in the case of Constantinople) and was protected by massive walls that were virtually impregnable until the rise of effective gunpowder weapons in the real-world 15th century.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 570</ref><br />
<br />
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] described Minas Tirith in a long [[Letter to Milton Waldman| letter to Milton Waldman]], that was probably written in late 1951, as the "half-ruinous Byzantine City of Minas Tirith"<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 746</ref> and that of Gondor in its history "fades slowly to decayed Middle-Age, a kind of proud, venerable, but increasingly impotent Byzantium".<ref>{{L|131}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Minas Tirith in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:War in Middle Earth - Minas Tirith.gif|Minas Tirith in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Minas Tirith.jpg|Minas Tirith in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Minas Tirith.jpg|Minas Tirith in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Minas Tirith is one of the many battlefields in this game. The city is brown, unlike the books in which it is white. <br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The city appears briefly when Gandalf goes there to discern the identity of [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s [[The One Ring|One Ring]].<br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''<br />
:Minas Tirith can be seen in the distance for a few seconds when [[Faramir]] takes [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Gollum]] to [[Osgiliath]].<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Tolkien's description of the physical layout of Minas Tirith is mostly adhered to in the film, although certain artistic liberties are taken, such as the Tower of Ecthelion being separate from the building which contains the throne room. Despite the description of Minas Tirith's [[Othram]] as a black, indestructible wall, Jackson depicted all of the walls as white, which crumble quickly under attack from Mordor's catapults. The city is also closer to the mountain than in Tolkien's description and sketches. In the film, the city is within clear sight of the mountains surrounding Mordor and the fires of [[Mount Doom]] - so much so, that in at least one night scene the light of Minas Morgul shines on the faces of viewers from the city walls. However, in the books, the mountains were far enough away that from the city they looked like a low dark shadow over the land far away.<br />
<br />
:According to the "Making Of" featurettes on the Extended Edition DVDs, the appearance and structure of the city was based upon [[Wikipedia:Mont Saint-Michel|Mont Saint-Michel]], France.<br />
<br />
:Portions of Minas Tirith were constructed as full-scale sets (built on the foundations of the disassembled [[Helm's Deep]] set), and the whole city as a highly detailed "[[bigature]]" by [[Weta Workshop]] combined with a detailed three-dimensional digital model, along with the whole of its surrounding environment. <br />
<br />
'''2015: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
: Several different versions of the city exist in-game, separated chronologically: under the [[Dawnless Day]], during the [[Siege of Gondor]], after the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] and during the Great Wedding of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]] at [[Mid-year's Day]]. Each version is explorable and has a different set of quests. The Seven Tiers of the city have been given names: Worker's Tier, Soldier's Tier, Craftsmen's Tier, Player's Tier, Sages' Tier, Master's Tier and the Citadel. Large statues of every past King and Ruling Steward are placed across the city.<br />
<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Minas Tirith]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Minas Tirith (Gondor)]]<br />
[[fi:Minas Tirith]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/gondor/minas_tirith]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Minas_Tirith&diff=388393Minas Tirith2024-03-26T11:07:26Z<p>Akhorahil: Undo revision 388390 by Fornad01 (talk) Unnecessary edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Minas Tirith|[[Minas Tirith (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Minas Tirith<br />
| image=[[File:Ralph Damiani - Across Middle-earth - The White City.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="The White City" by [[Ralph Damiani]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=[[Minas Tirith#History|Minas Anor]]<br>[[Mundburg]]<br>the Tower of Guard<br>the Guarded City<br>Tower of Anor<br />
| location=Easternmost point of the [[White Mountains]], close to [[Anduin]]<br />
| type=City<br />
| description=White city of seven levels<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]<br />
| created={{SA|3320}}<ref name="AppB-2A">{{App|SA}}</ref><br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=[[Siege of Minas Tirith]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Quote|But Minas Anor endured, and it was named anew Minas Tirith, the Tower of Guard; for there the kings caused to be built in the citadel [[Tower of Ecthelion|a white tower]], very tall and fair, and its eye was upon many lands. Proud still and strong was that city, and in it the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] still flowered for a while before the house of the Kings.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]"}}<br />
<br />
'''Minas Tirith''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Guard') was a city of [[Gondor]], originally called '''Minas Anor'''. From {{TA|1640}}<ref name="AppB-3A"/> onwards it was the capital of the South-kingdom and the seat of its [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]] and ruling [[Stewards of Gondor|Stewards]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Minas Anor===<br />
The city of Minas Tirith was originally a fortress, Minas Anor ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Sun'), which was probably built after the founding of the realm of Gondor in {{SA|3320}} before {{SA|3429}}.<ref name="AppB-2A">{{App|SA}}</ref> It was the western counterpart to [[Minas Ithil]] ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Moon'): though was originally of less importance, and was built as a small fort on the summit of Amon Anor mostly to guard [[Rath Dínen]], the Tombs of the Kings<ref>{{NM|P3xvii}}, Text 2, p. 365</ref>. From Osgiliath the sons of [[Elendil]] jointly ruled the newly-founded [[Gondor|South-kingdom]], but Minas Anor was home to [[Anárion]]'s House and Minas Ithil to [[Isildur]]'s.<ref name="S-Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> Therefore when the seven ''[[palantíri]]'' were divided amongst the [[Realms in Exile]] one was placed in Minas Anor.<ref name="AppA">{{App|A}}</ref><ref name="TT-Palantir">{{TT|Palantir}}.</ref><br />
<br />
[[Sauron]] attacked Gondor in {{SA|3429}}, [[First Fall of Minas Ithil|taking]] [[Minas Ithil]] and forcing Isildur to flee north to his father in [[Arnor]]. Anárion meanwhile was besieged in Osgiliath and Minas Anor,<ref name="AppB-2A"/> until he was relieved by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In {{TA|2}} Isildur planted the second [[White Tree of Gondor]] in Minas Anor in memory of his brother, who had perished during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. From this point the Kingship of Gondor belonged solely to the heirs of Anárion, who continued to rule from Osgiliath.<ref name="AppB-3A">{{App|TA}}</ref><ref name="PM-Heirs">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|420}}<ref name="AppB-3A"/> Minas Anor was rebuilt by [[Ostoher]], the seventh [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]], and from his reign onwards the Kings removed there from Osgiliath in the summer.<ref name="AppA"/> It remained the second city of Gondor for the next thousand years as the Kingdom reached the height of its power under the [[Ship-kings]], and then fell into its long decline. Osgiliath was burned and its ''palantír'' lost during the [[Kin-strife]], but the forces of [[Castamir]] did not breach the walls of Minas Anor by force. Its people resented Castamir's rule and were angered by his cruel treatment of Osgiliath, and they (along with the rest of the folk of [[Anórien]]) sided with the forces of [[Eldacar]] when he returned from the north in {{TA|1447}}<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>. After the defeat of Castamir, Minas Anor gradually grew more prominent. In {{TA|1636}} the old capital was devastated by the [[Great Plague]], leaving it depopulated and falling into ruin. Soon after, [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] permanently moved the [[King's House]] to Minas Anor ({{TA|1640}}).<ref name="AppA"/><ref name="AppB-3A"/><br />
<br />
For a short time under Tarandor and his heirs the decline of Gondor was slowed, although constant wars with various groups of [[Easterlings]] took their toll. In {{TA|1900}} [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] built the first [[Tower of Ecthelion|White Tower]] in the Citadel of Minas Anor to house the city's ''palantír''.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> Just over a century later, however, the kingdom was dealt a harsh blow. In {{TA|2002}} Minas Ithil, where the guard on Mordor had long since slackened, was [[Second Fall of Minas Ithil|captured]] by the [[Nazgûl]]. It became known as Minas Morgul, and in turn Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith, 'Tower of the Guard' or the 'Guarded City'.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/> Soon after [[Eärnur]], the last King of Gondor, was killed in the Morgul Vale, and the lordship of the South-kingdom passed to the [[Stewards]].<ref name="AppA"/><br />
<br />
===Minas Tirith===<br />
[[File:John Howe - Minas Tirith.jpg|thumb|left|"Minas Tirith" by [[John Howe]]]]Following a brief respite in the [[Watchful Peace]], Gondor under the Stewards became increasingly beset by enemies: control of [[Ithilien]] and the ruined bridges of [[Osgiliath]] passed back and forth between Minas Tirith and Minas Morgul,the coastlands were raided by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and Easterlings assailed them from the north.<ref name="AppA"/> The Citadel was improved under [[Ecthelion I]] ({{TA|2685}}&ndash;{{TA|2698|n}}),<ref name="AppA"/> who rebuilt the [[Tower of Ecthelion| White Tower]] which afterwards bore his name.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> But equally the White Tree died at the same time as the twenty-first Steward, [[Belecthor II]], and this time a new seedling could not be found to replace it.<ref name="AppA" /><br />
<br />
In the reign of [[Ecthelion II]] ({{TA|2953}}&ndash;{{TA|2984}})<ref name="AppA"/> Minas Tirith was strengthened against Mordor, where Sauron had now declared himself openly. It was at this time that [[Aragorn]] the future King first came to the city under the name [[Thorongil]], and did great deeds.<ref name="AppA"/><br />
<br />
===War of the Ring===<br />
{{main|Battle of the Pelennor Fields}}<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the brunt of [[Mordor]]'s assault on the [[Free peoples]] was directed at Gondor and Minas Tirith. [[Cair Andros]] fell on [[10 March]] {{TA|3019}} and on [[12 March]] a company led by [[Faramir]] was forced to retreat from its defence of Osgiliath.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> An effort was made to repair the Rammas Echor, but this came too late.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/> With the crossings of Anduin taken the Pelennor was overrun, and Minas Tirith was besieged by a great army of Morgul orcs and Easterlings led by the [[Witch-king]]. The city was under-manned, and its defenders had little hope; on [[15 March]] the Great Gate was breached and the last ruling Steward, [[Denethor|Denethor II]], burned himself in despair.<ref name="RK-Siege">{{RK|Siege}}</ref><ref name="RK-Pyre">{{RK|Pyre}}</ref> But [[Gandalf]] was also present, and rescuing Faramir from his father he took charge of the defence of Minas Tirith. The [[Rohirrim]] under [[Théoden]] also came unlooked for to the city's aid, and [[Aragorn]] led a force up the river from [[Pelargir]]. Seeing this [[Imrahil]], [[Prince of Dol Amroth]], led a sally from the city, and the three armies were able to break the siege in the decisive [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref name="RK-Pelennor">{{RK|Battle}}</ref><br />
<br />
On [[1 May]] {{TA|3019}}, returning with the victorious from the [[Battle of the Morannon]], Aragorn was crowned on the plain outside Minas Tirith, and he entered the city as King Elessar. On [[25 June]] he discovered a sapling of the line of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]] in a hidden hallow of Mount Mindolluin. This was planted in the Court of the Fountain &ndash; the fourth White Tree of Gondor.<ref name="RK-StewardKing">{{RK|Steward}}.</ref><ref name="AppB-3A"/><br />
<br />
===Fourth Age===<br />
Under King Elessar Minas Tirith was restored and made more beautiful than ever before: the Great Gate was reforged of ''[[mithril]]'' and steel by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Glittering Caves]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}, p. 1080</ref> led by [[Gimli]], the streets were paved with white marble and the city was filled with trees and fountains. Dwarves came to work in the city and [[Elves]] enjoyed coming to it.<ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 968</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Minas Tirith.jpg|left|thumb|"Minas Tirith" (unfinished drawing) by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
Minas Tirith was situated on the [[Hill of Guard]] &ndash; the "out-thrust knee" of [[Mount Mindolluin]], connected to the main mass of the mountain by a narrow 'shoulder'.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith">{{RK|MT}}.</ref><ref name="WR-MinasTirith">{{WR|3|III}}.</ref> It faced eastward towards Osgiliath, over the [[Pelennor Fields]] surrounding the city, fertile townlands stretching from the walls of the city proper to the [[Rammas Echor]].<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/><br />
<br />
The city was built on the hill with seven concentric tiers cut on the hill culminating in the [[Citadel of Gondor|Citadel]] at the summit, 700 feet above the plain below. The outer wall was called the [[City Wall]] and was black, of the same material used in [[Orthanc]]. The City Wall was vulnerable only to earthquakes capable of rending the ground where it stood.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/><br />
<br />
Each level was walled and held a gate with each gate faced a different direction: only the great gate and that of the seventh level faced east; the gate to the second level faced southeast, and that to the third faced northeast; so altering between the two such that the path up through the levels wound to and fro rather than following a straight line. An outcropping of rock as high as the seventh level bisected all the lower levels except the lowest on the line of the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith|Great Gate]]. The winding path through the city therefore passed through tunnels in this 'keel' five times. <br />
<br />
The '''First Level''' included the [[Rath Celerdain]], a white paved street with an inn, the [[Old Guesthouse]].<br />
<br />
The '''Sixth Level''' contained stables for riders, and the [[Houses of Healing]]. There was also [[Fen Hollen]], a door which was almost always closed, leading to [[Rath Dínen]]<ref name="RK-MinasTirith" />, the 'shoulder' of rock that joined the Hill to the main mass of Mount Mindolluin rose to the level of the fifth wall and was fortified with large ramparts, where the tombs of the Kings of Gondor and their Stewards lay. The uppermost tunnel was delved into the spur of rock that jutted out of the eastern face of the Hill; The keystone of its archway was carved with the head of a crowned King. [[Guards of the Citadel]] manned the Seventh Gate which faced eastward in line with the Great Gate 700 feet below and emerged into the Citadel, the city's strongest point, surrounded by high walls and battlements on the 'keel'. <br />
<br />
The '''Citadel''' housed the [[Court of the Fountain (Minas Tirith)|Court of the Fountain]] and the [[Tower of Ecthelion]], which brought the total height of the city to 1000 feet.<ref group="note">On the basis of this figure and unpublished sketches by Tolkien [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimated the breadth of the city at 3100 feet in her ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth|Atlas]]''.</ref> Before the Tower grew the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] in a court. There were also the [[King's House]], lodgings for the Steward, [[Merethrond]], barracks for the Guard of the Citadel, and other buildings for guests and other workers.<br />
<br />
==Non-canon statistics==<br />
[[Image:Ryszard_Derdziński_-_Minas_Tirith.jpg|thumb|right|"Minas Tirith" by [[Ryszard Derdziński]]]]<br />
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimates the diameter of the city to be 3,100 feet for the First Circle of the City. <br />
<br />
According to the [[New Line Cinema|New Line]] book ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare]]'', the height of Minas Tirith (in the films) from the foot of the gates to the top of the Tower of Ecthelion (which individually is said to be 300 feet tall) is around 1,000 feet (304.8 m), and the diameter of the city almost three-quarters of a mile (3,960 feet). The book also suggests that the towering bastion of stone, shaped like the keel of a ship, which rose from behind the Great Gates on the first level to the citadel on the seventh, was a quarter of a mile tall (1 320 feet). However this height does not take into account the Tower of Ecthelion, which was situated on the seventh level, meaning that in total the city is some 1,620 feet tall (493.7 m). This means that the city's total height is somewhere between 1,000 feet (304.8 m) and 1,620 feet (493.7 m).<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Minas Tirith'' is a [[Sindarin]] name,<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, entry S ''Minas Tirith'', p. 31</ref> which means "Tower of Guard"<ref name=Guard/> or "Tower of Watch"<ref name=PE17/>. Paul Strack suggests that the name is a combination of ''[[minas]]'' ("tower", "fort", "city") and ''[[tirith]]'' ("watch", "ward", "guard").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-538283653.html|articlename=S. ''Minas Tirith'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=27 April 2023}}</ref><br />
==Other names==<br />
''Minas Anor'' is a Sindarin name,<ref name=Eldamo>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-2929446519.html|articlename=S. ''Minas Anor'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=27 April 2023}}</ref> which means "Tower of the Sun"<ref>{{RK|Gate}}, p. 884</ref><ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 964</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Minas Anor''</ref><ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Minas Anor''</ref> or "Tower of the Setting Sun"<ref>{{FR|Council}}, p. 244</ref><ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>. Paul Strack suggests that the name is a combination of ''[[minas]]'' ("tower", "fort", "city") and ''[[Sun#Other names|anor]]'' ("sun").<ref name=Eldamo/> <br />
<br />
''Mundburg'' is a [[Rohanese]] name, which means "Guardian-fortress".<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 400 citing from the entry Mundburg in the 1966 Index</ref> It probably contains the [[Old English]] element ''mund'', which means "protection".<ref>{{TI|King}}, note 7, p. 449</ref><br />
<br />
Minas Tirith was also referred to as the Tower of Guard<ref name=Guard>{{FR|Council}}, p. 245</ref><ref>{{TT|Departure}}, p. 414 and p. 418</ref><ref>{{TT|King}}, pp. 516-7</ref><ref>{{RK|Siege}}, p. 808</ref><ref>{{RK|Gate}}, p. 891</ref><ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 963</ref>, the Guarded City<ref>{{RK|MT}}, p. 751</ref>, and the Tower of Anor<ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 963</ref>,<br />
<br />
The names Stone-city and Stone-houses were used by the [[Drúedain]].<ref>{{RK|V5}}</ref><ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 366</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
Minas Tirith's most obvious historical parallel is the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople. Founded by the Roman emperor Constantine, Constantinople would eventually be one of the largest cities of its day and be a fortress under constant attack by its enemies. Similarly, Minas Tirith would become the chief fortification of Gondor in the latter days of its decline.<br />
<br />
Like Minas Tirith, the Byzantine capital Constantinople sat near a strategic waterway (the Anduin to the Bay of Tolfalas in the case of Minas Tirith, the Bosporus Strait which divides the Mediterranean and Black Seas in the case of Constantinople) and was protected by massive walls that were virtually impregnable until the rise of effective gunpowder weapons in the real-world 15th century.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 570</ref><br />
<br />
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] described Minas Tirith in a long [[Letter to Milton Waldman| letter to Milton Waldman]], that was probably written in late 1951, as the "half-ruinous Byzantine City of Minas Tirith"<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 746</ref> and that of Gondor in its history "fades slowly to decayed Middle-Age, a kind of proud, venerable, but increasingly impotent Byzantium".<ref>{{L|131}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Minas Tirith in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:War in Middle Earth - Minas Tirith.gif|Minas Tirith in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Minas Tirith.jpg|Minas Tirith in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Minas Tirith.jpg|Minas Tirith in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Minas Tirith is one of the many battlefields in this game. The city is brown, unlike the books in which it is white. <br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The city appears briefly when Gandalf goes there to discern the identity of [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s [[The One Ring|One Ring]].<br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''<br />
:Minas Tirith can be seen in the distance for a few seconds when [[Faramir]] takes [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Gollum]] to [[Osgiliath]].<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Tolkien's description of the physical layout of Minas Tirith is mostly adhered to in the film, although certain artistic liberties are taken, such as the Tower of Ecthelion being separate from the building which contains the throne room. Despite the description of Minas Tirith's [[Othram]] as a black, indestructible wall, Jackson depicted all of the walls as white, which crumble quickly under attack from Mordor's catapults. The city is also closer to the mountain than in Tolkien's description and sketches. In the film, the city is within clear sight of the mountains surrounding Mordor and the fires of [[Mount Doom]] - so much so, that in at least one night scene the light of Minas Morgul shines on the faces of viewers from the city walls. However, in the books, the mountains were far enough away that from the city they looked like a low dark shadow over the land far away.<br />
<br />
:According to the "Making Of" featurettes on the Extended Edition DVDs, the appearance and structure of the city was based upon [[Wikipedia:Mont Saint-Michel|Mont Saint-Michel]], France.<br />
<br />
:Portions of Minas Tirith were constructed as full-scale sets (built on the foundations of the disassembled [[Helm's Deep]] set), and the whole city as a highly detailed "[[bigature]]" by [[Weta Workshop]] combined with a detailed three-dimensional digital model, along with the whole of its surrounding environment. <br />
<br />
'''2015: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
: Several different versions of the city exist in-game, separated chronologically: under the [[Dawnless Day]], during the [[Siege of Gondor]], after the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] and during the Great Wedding of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]] at [[Mid-year's Day]]. Each version is explorable and has a different set of quests. The Seven Tiers of the city have been given names: Worker's Tier, Soldier's Tier, Craftsmen's Tier, Player's Tier, Sages' Tier, Master's Tier and the Citadel. Large statues of every past King and Ruling Steward are placed across the city.<br />
<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Minas Tirith]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Minas Tirith (Gondor)]]<br />
[[fi:Minas Tirith]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/gondor/minas_tirith]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mordor&diff=388391Mordor2024-03-26T11:03:18Z<p>Akhorahil: Added some references; I have already edited a lot of other pages about locations in Mordor, such as the Morgul Pass, Cirith Ungol, Durthang, the Black Gate, the Towers of the Teeth, Carach Angren, Lithlad, Nurn, Nurnen and the Nargil Pass, so I could make more corrections and add more references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Mordor|[[Mordor (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Across Gorgoroth.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Mordor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Dark Land, ''Nargûn'' ([[Khuzdul|K]])<br />
| location=Within [[Ered Lithui]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
| capital=[[Barad-dûr]]<br />
| towns=[[Minas Morgul]], [[Carchost]], [[Narchost]], [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]], [[Durthang]]<br />
| regions=[[Nurn]], [[Plateau of Gorgoroth|Gorgoroth]], [[Lithlad]], [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]]<br />
| population=[[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Nazgûl]], [[Men]], other creatures of Evil<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Black Speech]], [[Orkish]]<br />
| govern1=[[Gondor]] (until the Great Plague)<br>[[Sauron]]<br>later ruled by his freed slaves<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Established<br />
| event1date=c. {{SA|1000}}<br />
| event2=Defeated<br />
| event2date={{SA|3441}}<br />
| event3=Nazgûl return<br />
| event3date={{TA|1980}}<br />
| event4=Sauron returns<br />
| event4date={{TA|2941}}<br />
| event5=Defeated<br />
| event5date={{TA|3019}}<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie.|[[Ring Verse]]}}<br />
'''Mordor''' was a land in the south-east of the [[Westlands]] east of [[Gondor]]. During most of the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s it was ruled by [[Sauron]] and it was his dwelling and base from which he attempted to conquer [[Middle-earth]].<br />
<br />
Mordor was surrounded by three enormous mountain ridges from the North, from the West and from the South, protecting it from an unexpected invasion by any of the [[Free peoples]].<br />
<br />
Only a few times in history did the free peoples have anything to do with Mordor; the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] broke into the land to fight Sauron, and millennia later [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] infiltrated that land to destroy [[the One Ring]]. <br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Mordor was protected from three sides by mountain ranges, arranged roughly rectangularly: the [[Ered Lithui]] in the north, and the [[Ephel Dúath]] in the west until they turned to the east, forming a southern range.<ref name=FRMap>{{FR|Map}}</ref> The [[Morgul Pass]] led from the [[Morgul Vale]] in [[Ithlien]], wich was guarded by the city of [[Minas Morgul]] (earlier [[Minas Ithil]]) through the Ephel Dúath into Mordor; [[Cirith Ungol]], a higher more difficult pass was guarded by the giant spider [[Shelob]] and by the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]. Another known fortress was [[Durthang]] in the northern Ephel Dúath.<ref name=RKMap>{{RK|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the north-west corner of Mordor the deep valley of [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]] was the only entrance for large armies, and that is where Sauron built the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor. In front of the Black Gate lay the [[Dagorlad]]. Sauron's main fortress [[Barad-dûr]] was at the foothills of [[Ered Lithui]]. To south-west of Barad-dûr lay the arid [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and the volcanic [[Mount Doom]] (also called [[Orodruin]]);<ref name=RKMap/> to the east lay the plain of [[Lithlad]]. The land in the western parts of Mordor were largely infertile, producing only sparse [[Brambles of Mordor|brambles]].<br />
<br />
The southern part of Mordor, [[Nurn]],<ref name=FRMap/> was slighly more fertile, and moist enough to carry the inland [[sea of Núrnen]]. Nurn was made somewhat fertile because the ash blown from Mount Doom left its soil nutrient rich, thus allowing dry-land farming. Unfortunately, the inland sea of Núrn was salty, not freshwater. <br />
<br />
To the west of Mordor was the narrow land of Ithilien with the great river [[Anduin]], to the east [[Rhûn]], and to the south-east, [[Khand]].<ref name=FRMap/><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
=== Early history ===<br />
[[Melkor]] created Mount Doom in the long [[First Age]], and the name "Mordor" may have been given to the land before Sauron settled there because of its eruptions.<ref>{{PM|Last}}, p. 390 (note 14).</ref> Also in the First Age, the [[Drúedain]] migrated westward, and historians in Gondor believed that they came through lands south of Mordor and, after turning northward into Ithilien, became the first Men to cross the Anduin.<ref>{{UT|12b}}, pp. 339-340.</ref><br />
<br />
The first being known to occupy the mountains of Mordor was Shelob, fleeing from the [[War of Wrath]] in [[Beleriand]] at the end of the First Age. She fed herself on [[Elves]] and [[Men]] living or passing nearby until these became scarce.<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sauron settled in Mordor around {{SA|1000}}. In the north-western corner of this land stood Mount Doom, where he had forged [[the One Ring]]. Near Orodruin he built his stronghold [[Barad-dûr]]. After this time, Sauron was known as the [[Dark Lord|Dark Lord of Mordor]].<br />
<br />
For two and a half thousand years, Sauron ruled Mordor uninterruptedly. It was from Mordor that he [[War of the Elves and Sauron|made war against]] the [[Elves of Eregion]] and came to dominate most of Eriador in a period known as the [[Dark Years]]. That was until he was repelled by the [[High Men]] of [[Númenor]]. Retreating to Mordor, Sauron then directed his power over the far south and east of Mordor conquering and dominating the savage tribes of the [[Easterlings]] and the [[Haradrim]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> Almost a thousand years later, Sauron was captured by the Númenóreans and brought to their island kingdom, eventually causing its [[Númenor#Destruction|destruction]]. Sauron returned to Mordor as a spirit and resumed his rule.<br />
<br />
=== The Last Alliance and Third Age===<br />
Sauron's rule was interrupted yet again when his efforts to overthrow the surviving Men and Elves failed, and they fought their way back to their foe's domain. After several months of siege in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], forces of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] came into Mordor. Sauron was defeated in a final battle and the Dark Tower was leveled to the ground, but Mordor was not settled by Men because of the dreadful memory of Sauron, and Orodruin.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The [[Kings of Gondor]] built watchtowers and fortresses around Mordor, such as the mountain fortress of [[Durthang]], the [[Towers of the Teeth]] at the [[Morannon]], and the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]], in order to prevent Sauron's servants from returning to Mordor.<ref name=Tower>{{RK|Tower}}</ref><br />
<br />
However, Gondor had failed in the long run; during the [[Great Plague]], the population was so diminished that troops were recalled and the fortresses abandoned.<ref>{{App|South}}</ref><ref>{{App|TA}}, {{TA|1640}}</ref> Deprived of guard, Mordor began to fill with evil things again, and it is said the first shadow was the [[Lord of the Nazgûl]] ({{TA|1980}}) who summoned the other [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], first appearing since the [[War of the Last Alliance]], to prepare the return of Sauron.<ref name=rings/><ref name=ta/> [[Minas Ithil]] was conquered by the Ringwraiths in {{TA|2002}}; other fortifications that were supposed to defend Gondor from the menace inside Mordor were captured and turned into a means of shielding Mordor. Sauron resided in [[Dol Guldur]], until the [[White Council]] [[Attack on Dol Guldur|attacked]] it in {{TA|2941}}, forcing Sauron to flee.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile Mordor had been long prepared for him, and declaring himself openly he returned to Mordor in {{TA|2951}}, where he finished reconstructing his Dark Tower.<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref><ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref> By that time Mordor was protected too well to be captured by any military might that was available to the Free Peoples; in the north of Mordor during the War of the Ring were the great garrisons and forges of war, while surrounding the bitter inland [[Sea of Núrnen]] to the south lay the vast fields tended for the provision of the armies by hordes of slaves brought in from lands to the east and south.<br />
<br />
=== War of the Ring ===<br />
During the War of the Ring, Sauron gathered all his forces to Mordor. After the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], a Host of the West went to the Black Gate. Sauron sent his army to destroy the Men of Gondor and Rohan, but then [[Frodo Baggins]] destroyed the One Ring and Mordor fell. The Dark Tower, the Black Gate and the Towers of Teeth collapsed to ruin. Mount Doom exploded. Both Sauron and his Ringwraiths were apparently destroyed.<br />
<br />
After the ultimate defeat of Sauron, Mordor became mostly empty again as the [[Orcs]] inside it fled or were killed. Crippled by thousands of years of abuse and neglect, but capable of sustaining life, the land of Mordor was given to the defeated foes of Gondor as a consolation, as well as to the freed slaves of Nurn who were formerly forced to farm there to feed the armies of Mordor.<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
'''''Mordor''''' is a [[Sindarin]] name. It means "Black Land". It is a compound of ''[[mor|MOR-]]'' ("black, dark") and ''[[dôr]]'' ("land").<ref>{{L|144}}, paragraph about the Black Speech</ref><ref>{{S|Elements}}, entries ''mor'', ''dôr''</ref><br />
<br />
Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was '''''Nargûn''''', which contains the element ''narg'' ("black").<ref>{{RS|4XXVN}}, note 39, p. 466</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
The first ever reference to Sauron's land is mentioned without a name, in the story of the Fall, written in the 1930s, as an inner land far from the sea, over the mountains. There [[Thû]] had a fortress, and "[[Amroth]]" assailed him.<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}</ref> The name Mordor, the Black Country, appears first time in the second version of that text, along with Elendil and Gil-galad (both of them mentioned first time).<ref>{{LR|P1II3}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
It is not uncommon for names in Tolkien's fiction to have relevant meanings in several languages, both those invented by Tolkien, and "real" ones, but this of course happens with any two languages.<br />
<br />
*A proposed etymology is [[Old English]] ''morðor'', which means "mortal sin" and later "murder". <br />
*''Mordor'' is also a name cited in some Nordic mythologies referring to a land where its citizens practice evil without knowing it, imposed on themselves by the society long created for that purpose.<br />
<br />
Tolkien is reported to have identified Mordor with the volcano of [[Wikipedia:Stromboli|Stromboli]] off Sicily.<ref>[[Clyde S. Kilby]], [[Dick Plotz]] ([[1968]]), "Many Meetings with Tolkien: An Edited Transcript of Remarks at the December 1966 [[Mythopoeic Society|TSA Meeting]]", ''Niekas'' (Niekas Publications, New Hampshire, USA) (19): 39–40 Referred to at tolkienguide.com and by another publication of the Niekas editor. Referred to at [http://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wordpress/?p=3 tolkienguide.com ] and by [http://efanzines.com/ERM/veh36.htm another publication of the Niekas editor].</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1980s: ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'':'''<br />
:In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] assumed that the lands of Mordor, [[Khand]], and [[Rhûn]] lay where the inland [[Sea of Helcar]] had been, and that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and [[Sea of Núrnen]] were its remnants. The atlas was however published before ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', where it turned out that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] existed already in the First Age, notwithstanding that Mordor, due to the creation of the volcanic [[Mount Doom]], could have been uplifted from the Sea of Helcar during this time.<br />
<br />
'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]]'':'''<br />
:The proximity of Mount Doom and Barad-dûr is at a distance that is non-canonical.{{citation needed}}<br />
<br />
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''<br />
:'''1 September: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''<br />
::Before the rise of [[Sauron]], the land of Mordor was known as the '''Southlands''' and the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] was inhabited by [[Men]] who called themselves [[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlanders]]. These Men had built countless settlements. Some of which were villages such as [[Tirharad]], [[Hordern]], and [[Iorbad]], while others were outposts such as the [[Watchtower of Ostirith]].<br />
:'''7 October: ''[[The Eye]]'':'''<br />
::[[Waldreg]], under the instruction of [[Adar (The Rings of Power)|Adar]], diverted water into [[Mount Doom|Orodruin]], causing it to erupt. After the region is destroyed by the eruption and its inhabitants fled, Adar states that the Southlands is the name of a place that no longer exists. A caption reveals its new name to be Mordor.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Sauron]]<br />
* [[Barad-dûr]]<br />
* [[Orodruin]]<br />
* [[Black Gate]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Mordor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Mordor]]<br />
[[fi:Mordor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/mordor]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Brown_Lands&diff=388388Brown Lands2024-03-26T10:34:12Z<p>Akhorahil: Added page numbers for the 50th anniversary edition of LOTR</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Šárka Škorpíková - Rhovanion - The Brown Lands.jpg|thumb|''Rhovanion - The Brown Lands'' by [[Šárka Škorpíková]]]]<br />
The '''Brown Lands''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] '''''Berennyr''''') was a devastated region east of the [[Anduin]] between [[Mirkwood]] to the north and the [[Emyn Muil]] to the south.<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, p. 343</ref><ref name=RCCorrigenda>{{webcite|author=[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]|articleurl=http://www.hammondandscull.com/addenda/readers_by_date.html|articlename=Addenda and Corrigenda to ''The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion'' (2005, 2008, 2014) Arranged by Date|dated=|website=HS|accessed=03-08-2015}}</ref><ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The area was the home of the [[Entwives]] who made their gardens there; but during the [[War of the Last Alliance]] at the end of the [[Second Age]], they were driven away when [[Sauron]] ruined the land against the advance of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Allies]] down the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{L|144}}, p. 179</ref> The [[Ents]] vainly had crossed the Anduin in search of the [[Entwives]]. [[Treebeard]] appeared convinced that the Entwives were not all destroyed but were lost.<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}, p. 476</ref><br />
<br />
Even by the end of the [[Third Age]], when the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] drifted by in boats upon the Great River, they saw only long, formless slopes with a withered look, without trees or even grass. What had caused such desolation not even [[Aragorn]] could tell.<ref>{{FR|River}}, p. 380</ref> A one or two days long boatride downstream the Brown Lands rose into high open land.<ref>{{FR|River}}, p. 381</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] describes the "Brown Lands" as a translation of [[Sindarin]] '''''Berennyr''''',<ref name=UI/><ref name=RCCorrigenda/> from the plural forms of ''[[baran (Sindarin)|baran]]'' ("brown", "yellow-brown")<ref name=UI/> and ''[[dôr]]'' ("land").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-1604648493.html|articlename=S. ''Berennyr'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=17 February 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=The Brown Lands in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:Ben Zweifel - Brown Lands.png|The Brown Lands in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Brown Lands.jpg|Gardens of the Entwives in the Brown Lands in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:A portion of the Brown Lands is accessible across the Anduin from [[Field of Celebrant]], hosting encampments of the [[Easterlings]] preparing to attack the [[Wold]]. It contains the Gardens of the Entwives, long abandoned and desolate.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[de:Braune Lande]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/rhovanion/terres_brunes]]<br />
[[fi:Ruskeat Maat]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dwimorberg&diff=388336Dwimorberg2024-03-25T10:35:15Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Dwimorberg''' or '''Haunted Mountain''' was a mountain east of the [[Firienfeld]] in [[Dunharrow]]<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Dwimorberg'', p. 533</ref> in the centre of the [[White Mountains]]<ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref><ref>{{RK|Map}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
The Dwimorberg was brooding and black. Its lower slopes were covered with sombre pines, which included the [[Dimholt]],<ref>{{RK|Muster}}, p. 794</ref> a wood of dark trees<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Dimholt''', p. 768</ref>. In a hollow place in front of the root of the mountain stood a single mighty standing stone. Beyond in a deep glen in the wall of rock in a deep glen was the [[Dark Door]], which led inside the Dwimorberg to the haunted [[Paths of the Dead]].<ref>{{RK|Company}}, p. 786</ref><br />
<br />
The folk of [[Rohan]] said that the [[wraiths]] of the [[Oathbreakers]] haunted the mountain, prevented the living to use the Paths of the Dead and came out like shadows into the [[Harrowdale]] at times of great unquiet and coming death.<ref>{{RK|Muster}}, p. 797</ref> <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name means "Phantom Mountain" or "Haunted Mountain"<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Dwimorberg'', p. 533</ref> in [[Old English]], representing the [[Rohan language]],<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 101</ref> from ''[[Wiktionary:dwimor#Old_English|dwimor]]'' ("phantom", "ghost") and ''[[Wiktionary:beorg#Old_English|beorg]]'' ("mountain").<br />
<br />
The first element ''dwimor'' is also seen in the names ''[[Dwimordene]]'' ([[Lothlórien]])<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 404</ref> and ''[[Dwimmerlaik]]'' (given to the [[Witch-king]]) in the language of Rohan.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, citing from [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s comment on ''dwimmerlaik'' in the 1966 index of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', p. 562</ref><ref>{{WR|3|IX}}, note 2, p. 372</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:White Mountains]]<br />
[[Category:Rohan]]<br />
[[de:Dwimorberg]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:montagnes_blanches:dwimorberg]]<br />
[[fi:Dwimorberg]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Drensaga&diff=388333Írensaga2024-03-25T09:02:45Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references, the text in The Muster of Rohan does not say that its crest was saw-toothed it only mentions a saw-toothed mass, the information about the crest is from Nomenclature, the source for the name being Old English ist not in The War of the Ring, it is in RC</p>
<hr />
<div>{{mountain<br />
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Starkhorn, Dwimorberg and Irensaga.jpg|260px]]<br />
| caption=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] - ''Starkhorn, Dwimorberg and Irensaga''<br />
| name=Írensaga<br />
| location=North of the [[Dwimorberg]] over looking the [[Firienfeld]]<br />
| belongs=The [[White Mountains]]<br />
| description=Saw-toothed mountain<br />
| othernames=<br />
| etymology=<br />
| events=Arrival of King [[Théoden]] at [[Dunharrow]]<br />
| references=<br />
}}<br />
'''Írensaga''' was a tall peak in the [[White Mountains]], notable for its saw-toothed<ref name=Muster>{{RK|Muster}}, p. 794</ref> crest<ref name=N>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Irensaga''', p. 772</ref>.<br />
<br />
In between Írensaga, [[Starkhorn]] and [[Dwimorberg]] lay [[Harrowdale]].<ref name=Muster/> [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] saw this mountain on [[9 March]] {{TA|3019}} when King [[Théoden]] came to [[Dunharrow]] after the [[Battle of the Hornburg]].<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 9, p. 1093</ref> <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Írensaga'' is a name in the [[Rohanese|language of Rohan]],<ref name=N/> "translated" into [[Old English]]<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 539</ref>, which means "iron-saw"<ref name=N/> or "Ironsaw"<ref name="Roads">{{WR|3|V}}, pp. 312-13</ref> with reference to its serrated ridge, crest<ref name=N/>.<br />
<br />
In earlier drafts, Írensaga lacked an accent.<ref name="Roads"/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irensaga}}<br />
[[Category:Old English names]]<br />
[[Category:Rohan]]<br />
[[Category:White Mountains]]<br />
[[de:Irensaga]]<br />
[[fi:Írensaga]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Thrihyrne&diff=388332Thrihyrne2024-03-25T08:32:09Z<p>Akhorahil: Added an infobox with an image with the Thrihyrne in the background</p>
<hr />
<div>{{mountain<br />
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Helm's Deep and the Hornburg.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Helm's Deep and the Hornburg" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
| name=Thrihyrne<br />
| location=at the head of the deep gorge of [[Helm's Deep]]<br />
| belongs=The [[White Mountains]]<br />
| description=mountain with three peaks with steep faces<br />
| othernames=<br />
| etymology=<br />
| events=<br />
| references=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Thrihyrne''' was a mountain with three peaks<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, entry , '''Thrihyrne'''p. 412</ref> with steep faces that looked like jagged horns<ref name=Deep>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 527</ref> at the head of the deep gorge of [[Helm's Deep]]<ref name=UI/> on the northernmost arm of the [[White Mountains]]<ref name=Deep>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 527</ref>.<br />
<br />
The Thrihyrne cast its shadow over the gorge of Helm's Deep.<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 528</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Thrihyrne'' is an [[Old English]] name,<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, p. 412</ref> which probably means "Three Horns"<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://thainsbook.minastirith.cz/mountains.html|articlename=Mountains|website=The Thain's Book|accessed=24 March 2024}} entry '''Thrihyrne'''</ref>. It is a combination of ''thri'' ("three") and ''hyrne'' ("horn", "corner", "angle").<ref name=RC/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Old English names]]<br />
[[Category:Rohan]]<br />
[[Category:White Mountains]]<br />
[[de:Thrihyrne]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_blanches/thrihyrne]]<br />
[[fi:Kolmisarvi]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Thrihyrne&diff=388303Thrihyrne2024-03-24T17:20:11Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Thrihyrne''' was a mountain with three peaks<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, p. 412</ref> with steep faces that looked like jagged horns<ref name=Deep>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 527</ref> at the head of the deep gorge of [[Helm's Deep]]<ref name=UI/> on the northernmost arm of the [[White Mountains]]<ref name=Deep>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 527</ref>.<br />
<br />
The Thrihyrne cast its shadow over the gorge of Helm's Deep.<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 528</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Thrihyrne'' is an [[Old English]] name,<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, p. 412</ref> which probably means "Three Horns"<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://thainsbook.minastirith.cz/mountains.html|articlename=Mountains|website=The Thain's Book|accessed=24 March 2024}} entry '''Thrihyrne'''</ref> It is a combination of ''thri'' ("three") and ''hyrne'' ("horn", "corner", "angle").<ref name=RC/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Old English names]]<br />
[[Category:Rohan]]<br />
[[Category:White Mountains]]<br />
[[de:Thrihyrne]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_blanches/thrihyrne]]<br />
[[fi:Kolmisarvi]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Glittering_Caves&diff=388267Glittering Caves2024-03-22T17:17:35Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and adde page numbers for the 50th annivery edition of LOTR. I am still not finished yet</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Glittering Caves<br />
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Glittering Caves.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="The Glittering Caves" by [[Ted Nasmith]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Aglarond'' (Sindarin)<br>''Glǽmscrafu'' (Rohirric)<br />
| location=[[White Mountains]], behind [[Helm's Deep]]<br />
| type=Cave<br />
| description=Beautiful jewelled caverns<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Rohirrim]]<br>Later [[Durin's Folk]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=[[Battle of the Hornburg]]<br />
| gallery=the Glittering Caves<br />
}}<br />
The '''Glittering Caves''', in Sindarin called '''Aglarond''', were the spectacular jewelled caverns that lay in the [[White Mountains]] behind [[Helm's Deep]] in [[Rohan]]. <br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
The Glittering Caves were located behind [[Helm's Deep]] under the three peaks of the [[Thrihyrne]] in the northwestern arm of the [[White Mountains]]. The Glittering Caves extended deep under the mountains, with many passages, stairs, halls, and chambers. The floors were sandy and the ceilings were high, domed vaults. The walls were polished stone set with gems and crystals and veins of ore.<ref>{{TT|Road}}, pp. 547-8</ref><br />
<br />
The entrance to the caves was behind the [[Deeping Wall]] in a narrow gorge that could be defended long against an onslaught, making them an ideal refuge location.<br />
<br />
[[Gimli]] called the Glittering Caves one of the marvels of the Northern World, and his description of them to [[Legolas]] was reportedly one of the few times that a dwarf has bested an elf with words; Legolas was left speechless after visiting them. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The [[Númenóreans]] built the fortress of Aglarond during the [[Second Age]].<ref>{{S|V}}, p. 291</ref> The meaning of the Sindarin name of the fortress suggests that they already knew of the existence of the caves. Later, after the founding of [[Rohan]] it was used as a storage space and refuge for [[Rohirrim]] who used the [[Hornburg]].<br />
<br />
===War of the Ring===<br />
During the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] on [[3 March|3]]-[[4 March]], {{TA|3019}}, many of the women, children, and elderly people of the [[Westfold]] took refuge in the Glittering Caves. Livestock and food were stored there as well. <br />
<br />
Some [[Orcs]] crept through a culvert in the Deeping Wall and entered the gorge but were killed or driven back by the defenders. Then the Deeping Wall was breached by an explosive device and the Enemy forces entered the Deep. Many of the [[Rohirrim]] including [[Éomer]] were driven back to the Glittering Caves, and with them was Gimli.<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, pp. 535-8</ref><br />
<br />
After the war Gimli brought [[Legolas]] to see the caves; the Elf was so impressed that he was silent and said that only Gimli could fittingly describe them.<ref>{{RK|Partings}}, p. 978</ref><br />
<br />
===As a Dwarven colony===<br />
When [[Gimli|Gimli Elf-friend]] was held up in the caves, he was amazed by their beauty. After the [[War of the Ring]] he brought from [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] part of [[Durin's Folk]] and founded a [[Dwarf realms|colony]] in the caves, becoming the [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]]. The Dwarves of the Glittering Caves carefully tended the stone walls and opened new ways and chambers and hung lamps that filled the caverns with light.<ref>{{TT|Road}}</ref> The Glittering Caves became one of the most important realms of the [[Dwarves]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}, pp. 1080-81</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Aglarond'' is [[Sindarin]] and contains the elements ''[[aglar]]'' ("brilliance"<ref name=N>{{HM|N}}, note removed by J.R.R Tolkien from the Nomenclature, pp. 421 and 751</ref>, "radiance", glory"<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, entry S '''aglar''', p. 24</ref>) and ''[[rond]]'' ("vault", "high roofed cavern")<ref>{{L|211}}</ref>,ref name=N/> which is translated as "Glittering Caves"<ref>{{TT|Road}}, p. 548</ref> or "Caves of Radiance<ref name=11c>{{UT|11c}}, footnote relating to Aglarond</ref>. Since the word ''aglar'' is derived from the stem KAL- ("light")<ref name=PE17/>"Glittering Caves" can be the exact translation.<br />
<br />
Its [[Rohirric]] name, which was "translated" as [[Old English]] '''''Glǽmscrafu''''' (the ''sc'' is pronounced as ''[sh]'') also meant "Caves of Radiance".<ref name=11c/><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
The Glittering Caves are one of very few locations in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s work that are associated with a real place. They were inspired by the [[wikipedia:Cheddar Gorge and Caves|caves in Cheddar Gorge]] in [[wikipedia:Somerset|Somerset]].<ref>{{L|321}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Caves]]<br />
[[Category:Mines]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
[[Category:Rohan]]<br />
[[de:Aglarond]]<br />
[[fi:Aglarond]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:montagnes_blanches:cavernes_etincelantes]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Glittering_Caves&diff=388264Glittering Caves2024-03-22T13:19:13Z<p>Akhorahil: Made a correction and added some references; I am not done yet</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Glittering Caves<br />
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Glittering Caves.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="The Glittering Caves" by [[Ted Nasmith]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Aglarond'' (Sindarin)<br>''Glǽmscrafu'' (Rohirric)<br />
| location=[[White Mountains]], behind [[Helm's Deep]]<br />
| type=Cave<br />
| description=Beautiful jewelled caverns<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Rohirrim]]<br>Later [[Durin's Folk]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=[[Battle of the Hornburg]]<br />
| gallery=the Glittering Caves<br />
}}<br />
The '''Glittering Caves''', in Sindarin called '''Aglarond''', were the spectacular jewelled caverns that lay in the [[White Mountains]] behind [[Helm's Deep]] in [[Rohan]]. <br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
The Glittering Caves were located behind [[Helm's Deep]] under the three peaks of the [[Thrihyrne]] in the northwestern arm of the [[White Mountains]]. The Glittering Caves extended deep under the mountains, with many passages, stairs, halls, and chambers. The floors were sandy and the ceilings were high, domed vaults. The walls were polished stone set with gems and crystals and veins of ore.<ref>{{TT|III8}}</ref><br />
<br />
The entrance to the caves was behind the [[Deeping Wall]] in a narrow gorge that could be defended long against an onslaught, making them an ideal refuge location.<br />
<br />
[[Gimli]] called the Glittering Caves one of the marvels of the Northern World, and his description of them to [[Legolas]] was reportedly one of the few times that a dwarf has bested an elf with words; Legolas was left speechless after visiting them. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The [[Númenóreans]] built the fortress of Aglarond during the [[Second Age]].<ref>{{S|V}}, p. 291</ref> The meaning of the Sindarin name of the fortress suggests that they already knew of the existence of the caves. Later, after the founding of [[Rohan]] it was used as a storage space and refuge for [[Rohirrim]] who used the [[Hornburg]].<br />
<br />
===War of the Ring===<br />
During the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] on [[3 March|3]]-[[4 March]], {{TA|3019}}, many of the women, children, and elderly people of the [[Westfold]] took refuge in the Glittering Caves. Livestock and food were stored there as well. <br />
<br />
Some [[Orcs]] crept through a culvert in the Deeping Wall and entered the gorge but were killed or driven back by the defenders. Then the Deeping Wall was breached by an explosive device and the Enemy forces entered the Deep. Many of the [[Rohirrim]] including [[Éomer]] were driven back to the Glittering Caves, and with them was Gimli.<ref>{{TT|III7}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the war Gimli brought [[Legolas]] to see the caves; the Elf was so impressed that he was silent and said that only Gimli could fittingly describe them.<ref>{{RK|VI6}}</ref><br />
<br />
===As a Dwarven colony===<br />
When [[Gimli|Gimli Elf-friend]] was held up in the caves, he was amazed by their beauty. After the [[War of the Ring]] he brought from [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] part of [[Durin's Folk]] and founded a [[Dwarf realms|colony]] in the caves, becoming the first [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]]. The Dwarves of the Glittering Caves carefully tended the stone walls and opened new ways and chambers and hung lamps that filled the caverns with light.<ref>{{TT|Road}}</ref> The Glittering Caves became one of the most important realms of the [[Dwarves]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Aglarond'' is [[Sindarin]] and contains the elements ''[[aglar]]'' ("brilliance") and ''[[rond]]'' ("vault", "high roofed cavern")<ref>{{L|211}}</ref>,<ref>{{HM|N}}, note removed by J.R.R Tolkien from the Nomenclature, pp. 421 and 751</ref> which is translated as "Glittering Caves".<ref>{{TT|Road}}, p. 548</ref> However, since the word ''aglar'' is related to ''light'' the name "Glittering Caves" can be the exact translation.<br />
<br />
In [[Rohirric]] it is called '''''Glǽmscrafu''''' (the ''sc'' is pronounced as ''[sh]''), meaning "caves of radiance".<ref>{{UT|11c}}, footnote relating to Aglarond</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
The Glittering Caves are one of very few locations in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s work that are associated with a real place. They were inspired by the [[wikipedia:Cheddar Gorge and Caves|Cheddar Gorge]] in [[wikipedia:Somerset|Somerset]].<ref>{{L|321}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Caves]]<br />
[[Category:Mines]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
[[Category:Rohan]]<br />
[[de:Aglarond]]<br />
[[fi:Aglarond]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:montagnes_blanches:cavernes_etincelantes]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:%C3%89owyn&diff=388205User talk:Éowyn2024-03-20T11:49:00Z<p>Akhorahil: Provided feedback concerning hte Gwaihir page.</p>
<hr />
<div>== Merging ==<br />
<br />
Hello. I noticed you attempted to merge a couple of articles. Please be careful when merging, because merging is not just deleting the content of the short article and replacing it with redirect, but checking its content and migrating anything essential to the main article, thus ''merging'' the two entities. While deleting the content of [[Oakenshield]], you also deleted the information about the Inspiration for the name. Luckily I noticed it, and I merged this interesting trivia to the main [[Thorin]] article. Please be careful and keep it up. [[User:Sage|Sage]] ([[User talk:Sage|talk]]) 17:20, 7 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
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:Thanks for catching and fixing that! I'll be more careful with merging in the future. [[User:Aragorn II|Aragorn II]] ([[User talk:Aragorn II|talk]]) 17:25, 7 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Forbiden Pool page ==<br />
I noticed in the recent changes list that you created a new Forbidden Pool page and that there are no references for the content on that page. References are the cornerstone of any high quality edit on Tolkien Gateway and are probably one of the reasons why Tolkien Gateway received an award from the Tolkien Society for its content. Please have a look at the Help:References page and add references with page numbers where applicable that support the content that you added. References should be included at the same time as conent is added or changed. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 15:24, 12 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Hi! Should be fixed now [[User:Aragorn II|Aragorn II]] ([[User talk:Aragorn II|talk]]) 01:52, 13 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
::Hi! Welcome to the wiki. Please check the changes I made in the page. We use templates for references and dates. Categories are imperative. Please, do not upload images with random file names, keep the style of other files like [[:File:The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - Boromir in Osgiliath.png]]. If you are interesed on expanding the matter of the PJ films, you could consider writing the scenes' articles rather than making the Portrayal sections too long. [[User:LorenzoCB|LorenzoCB]] ([[User talk:LorenzoCB|talk]]) 18:21, 19 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
:::Hi! Thanks for fixing that! I'll stick to smaller edits while I get the hang of this [[User:Aragorn II|Aragorn II]] ([[User talk:Aragorn II|talk]]) 21:14, 19 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Army of the West page ==<br />
You seem to have forgotten to include page numbers for the 50th anniversary edition of LotR for some of your references. You added a named reference without page numbers and reused that reference. Currently one reference to the chapter The Last Debate and several named reference to the chapter The Black Gate Opens do not have any page numbers. Maybe you will have to use multiple references for the chapter The Black Gate Opens if the events to which you refer to in the references occur on different ranges of pages. Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions or if you need any help. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 15:05, 24 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Treebeard page ==<br />
I reverted your edit, which deleted the disambiguation notice with the link to the chapter with the title Treebeard. The link to the page about the chapter with the title Treebeard is necessary, because if someone enters Treebeard in the search field they are automatically sent to the page about the Ent called Treebeard, but they may have wanted to search for the page about the chapter called Treebeard. I suggest to propose deletions on the discussion/talk page of a page rather than deleting things immediately unless it concerns clear mistakes. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 15:15, 24 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
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:Hi. That is absolutely my bad. Not sure what happened there but I believe my intent was to change that link to [[Treebeard (disambiguation)]] instead of directly to the chapter page but ended up just deleting the other one. Would it be okay if I made that change or would it be better if I just had it link directly to the chapter? Thanks for pointing out the mistakes I make, I'm still learning :) [[User:Aragorn II|Aragorn II]] ([[User talk:Aragorn II|talk]]) 17:40, 24 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
::Good catch! I agree, [[Template:Disambig-more]] for Treebeard makes more sense. It's an orphaned page (no current links to it) so that helps fix that problem as well. Feel free to make the change. You're doing great, thank you! [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] ([[User talk:Hyarion|talk]]) 18:35, 24 December 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Ents page ==<br />
You seem to have included references for some names in the infobox which already have references in the other names section of the Ents page. Although it is not included in the Tolkien Gateway Manual of Style and on the Help References page, it seems to be the standard practice not to include references for information in the infobox of a page if the same information is also in another section of the same page and is already supported by references in this other section of the same page. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 15:33, 22 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
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:Thanks for the heads up. I removed all the excess references except to the ents not otherwise mentioned in that page, hope that's fine. [[User:Éowyn|Éowyn]] ([[User talk:Éowyn|talk]]) 16:06, 22 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Luck page ==<br />
<br />
It would seem that the quote you added to the page may be a bit long compared to the rest of the article, particularly considering that the second and third sentences are only indirectly related to the topic of the page. Not sure how to go about trimming this one down though.<br />
{{User:Hands of a healer/sig}} [[User:Hands of a healer|Hands of a healer]] ([[User talk:Hands of a healer|talk]]) 19:12, 22 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I didn't add the quote. My edit was just to add it to Category:Concepts but I do agree the quote isn't great (along with the rest of the article which is a flaming hot mess) [[User:Éowyn|Éowyn]] ([[User talk:Éowyn|talk]]) 20:35, 22 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
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::Huh! My bad, somehow I must have messed up selections in "compare versions". {{User:Hands of a healer/sig}}21:02, 22 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Sorry ==<br />
<br />
Before noticing that you claimed the "Racism" article I did some edits about antisemitism. Please have in mind. [[User:Sage|Sage]] ([[User talk:Sage|talk]]) 09:15, 27 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
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:All good, thanks for the help :) [[User:Éowyn|Éowyn]] ([[User talk:Éowyn|talk]]) 15:13, 27 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:And allillanchu! Sorry for the OT. Are you really trying to learn Quechua? I have tried in the past, and it is a happy surprise to meet someone else at last. How can we talk about this?? (where do you study, how, if you are also looking for someone to practice etc) [[User:Sage|Sage]] ([[User talk:Sage|talk]]) 16:28, 27 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
::Allianmi! My grandmother spoke Quechua but I live in the United States midwest so I'm relying entirely on whatever I can find on the internet. I probably made it harder on myself by choosing to learn Huallaga Quechua (my family's from there) rather than a more spoken and researched dialect but oh well. I've never met anyone else trying to learn it. Out of curiosity, what inspired you to learn Quechua? [[User:Éowyn|Éowyn]] ([[User talk:Éowyn|talk]]) 03:20, 28 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
:::It is its association with the Incas, and how it sounds that attracted me. For that reason I would like to be able to learn Nahuatl, Mayan (haven't decided the dialect yet) etc. Other than that, I have no cultural connections or anyone to speak with. You see, after trying to learn Quenya and Sindarin, having a personal interest in a rare but real language is a bit less crazy. Since this is a public space, if you'd prefer we can exchange some contact information and continue there, and perhaps exchange resources. [[User:Sage|Sage]] ([[User talk:Sage|talk]]) 16:41, 28 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
::::As I am a teenager I don't feel entirely comfortable with sharing contact information online but if you do ever have any questions feel free to use my talk page.<br />
::::I've always been most interested in the grammatical side of languages so I decided to first study the basics of Quechua grammar before focusing too much of vocab and for that I've found [https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/South%20American/Quechuan%20%26%20Aymaran/Quechua%2C%20A%20Grammar%20of%20Huallaga%20%28Huanuco%29%20%28Weber%29.pdf A Grammar of Huallaga (Huanuco) Quechua] by David Weber to be super helpful. I wish I could be more helpful but I haven't had too much success with finding resources, especially in English. What a cool coincidence finding someone else interested in both Tolkien and Quechua :) [[User:Éowyn|Éowyn]] ([[User talk:Éowyn|talk]]) 20:30, 29 February 2024 (UTC)<br />
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== Gwaihir page ==<br />
I noticed that you removed the sources and cleanup tags from the Gwaihir page and added a reference when I looked at the recent changes to Tolkien Gateway pages. It would have been better if you had checked if all statements were supported by references and if the sources actually support those statements before removing the sources and cleanup tags. I checked the sources and made corrections and added references. Shorter pages about side characters, such as Gwaihir are well suited for newer editors to check and correct the entire page. I think you missed an opportunity here. This page demonstrated the need that editors still need to compare the content with the sources to check if there are any errors or missing references. I hope that I did not miss anything. Both the entry for Gwaihir on henneth-annun.net and the entry for Gwaihir on the Thain's Book were great starting points and it is always valuable to check the information in The Lord of the Rings A Reader's Guide. You could have a go and check the Landroval and Thorondor pages. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 11:48, 20 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gwaihir&diff=388204Gwaihir2024-03-20T11:38:56Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{eagle infobox<br />
| name=Gwaihir<br />
| image=[[Image:Roger Thomasson - Gwaihir.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Gwaihir" by [[:Category:Images by Roger Thomasson|Roger Thomasson]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=The Windlord; ''Gwaehir''<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=<br />
| affiliation=[[Manwë]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=helping rescue [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]; aiding [[Gandalf]] twice<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=Unknown; descendant of [[Thorondor]]<br />
| siblings=[[Landroval]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| wingspan=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Gwaihir''' was the greatest of the [[Eagles]] of the North [[Middle-earth]]<ref name=Council>{{FR|Council}}, p. 261</ref> and the swiftest of the Great Eagles<ref name=Cormallen>{{RK|Cormallen}}, p. 948</ref> at the time of the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Gwaihir was the mightiest of the descendants of [[Thorondor]] and the brother of [[Landroval]].<ref name=Cormallen/> In the [[First Age]] Gwaihir was the vassal of Thorondor and helped Thorondor and Landroval to rescue [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] from [[Angband]].<ref name=P1>{{WJ|P1}}, $207, p. 68</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Radagast]] rode in the direction of [[Mirkwood]] where he had many old friends. The Eagles set off and gathered news: [[wolves]] and [[Orcs]] gathering and mustering, the movements of the [[Nazgûl|Nine Riders]], and the escape of [[Gollum]] from Mirkwood.<ref name=Council/><br />
<br />
As instructed by Gandalf, Radagast sent Gwaihir to bear the news to him at [[Isengard]], but Gandalf was at that time imprisoned at the pinnacle of [[Orthanc]]. On an autumn night, Gandalf saw the Eagle flying towards him and so Gwaihir rescued the Wizard. But Gwaihir couldn't carry him far, so Gwaihir left him at [[Edoras]] in order to find a steed.<ref name=Council/><br />
<br />
Later he was sent by [[Galadriel]] to find Gandalf; he found him on the peak of [[Celebdil]] after the [[Battle of the Peak]], and carried him to [[Lothlórien]].<ref>{{TT|White}}, p. 502</ref> After Gandalf recovered, he sent Gwaihir to watch the [[Anduin]] and gather tidings.<ref>{{TT|White}}, p. 495</ref><br />
<br />
Gwaihir, [[Landroval]] and [[Meneldor]] and and other great eagles helped the [[Free peoples]] in the [[Battle of the Morannon]] by stooping down on the [[Nazgûl]] who flew on winged beasts. After the destruction of [[The One Ring]] Gwaihir, Landroval and Meneldor flew into [[Mordor]] to search for Frodo and Sam and carried Frodo and Sam out of Mordor to safety.<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}, pp. 948-51</ref>.<br />
[[File:Stephen Hickman - Escape from Orthanc.jpg|thumb|right|Stephen Hickman - ''Escape from Orthanc'']]<br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| | |THO| | | |THO=[[Thorondor]]}}<br />
{{familytree| | | |:| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | |FAT| | |FAT=Father of Gwaihir}}<br />
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree|GWA| |LAN| | |GWA='''GWAIHIR'''|LAN=[[Landroval]]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Gwaihir.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''''Gwaihir''''' is a [[Sindarin]] name,<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, entry , S ''Gwaihir''pp. 33-4</ref> which probably means "Windlord",<ref name=Eldamo>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-1989488653.html|articlename=S. ''Gwaihir'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=20 March 2024}}</ref> because he is often referred to as "Gwaihir the Windlord"<ref name=Council/><ref>{{TT|White}}, pp. 495 and 502</ref><ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}, pp. 948-9</ref>. The first element of the name is ''[[gwaew]|gwae(w)]'' ("wind").<ref name=PE17/> It is probable that the second element is ''[[hîr]]'' ("lord", "master").<ref name=Eldamo/><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 247</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
Eagles named "Gwaihir" and "Landroval" (or, in even earlier texts, "Gwaewar" and "Lhandroval") appeared in an early version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', as vassals of Thorondor who helped to bear [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] from [[Angband]]<ref name=P1/>. These references were removed by [[Christopher Tolkien]] to escape the seeming discrepancy with ''The Lord of the Rings'', although later he admitted that this omission was a mistake.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, 12-15 OF BEREN AND TINÚVIEL, commentary to ''with wings swifter than the wind'', p. 301</ref><ref>{{SD|V}}, pp. 44-5</ref><br />
<br />
In the whole ''Lord of the Rings'' Gwaihir carries Gandalf twice, and by the end of the book Gandalf says that Gwaihir had carried him twice.<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}, p. 949</ref> This can be interpreted to imply that Gwaihir never carried him before, but it is also possible that Gandalf only referred to the number of times that Gwaihir carried him in the recent past in the events that took place in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<br />
<br />
[[Robert Foster]] implies that Gwaihir is the [[Lord of the Eagles]] of ''[[The Hobbit]]''<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry '''Gwaihir''', p. 181</ref> although [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] never made a connection nor mentioned that Gwaihir was the Lord of the Eagles. [[Douglas Anderson]]<ref>{{HM|AH}}</ref> and [[Anders Stenström]] (Beregond)<ref>[[Beyond Bree]], April and Mai 1987</ref> reject that Gwaihir is the Lord of Eagles of ''The Hobbit''.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<br />
===Films===<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf whispers "Gwaihir" repeatedly to a [[Moths|moth]] that arrives at [[Isengard]]. Later, Gwaihir rescues [[Gandalf]] from Isengard, and carries him to safety.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Gwaihir and his Eagles come to aid at the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. They attack the Nazgûl and their [[fell beasts]]. After the battle is won and the One Ring destroyed, Gwaihir along with [[Gandalf]] and a second Eagle rescue [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] from the rocks of [[Mount Doom]].<br />
<br />
===Radio series===<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Alexander John]] provided the voice of Gwaihir during Gandalf's rescue from Orthanc.<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Gwaihir is first mentioned by [[Gandalf]] when the player meets up with him at [[the Prancing Pony]].<ref>{{VGC|SAII}}, Foreword: "Aiding the Order"</ref> The player first sees Gwaihir when entering Galadriel's garden in [[Lothlórien]] for the first time.<ref>{{VGC|MMVI}}, Chapter 9: "The Mirror of Galadriel"</ref> Later, he arrives on the peak of Iorbar in the [[Misty Mountains]] to reclaim a stolen eagle egg taken by a giant. Finally, he arrives at and participates in the [[Battle of the Morannon]] with the other eagles, and saves [[Frodo]] and [[Sam]] from the slopes of [[Mount Doom]].<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:Gwaihir is first mentioned in chapter 1, in which [[Beleram]] tells that he has been sent by Gwaihir to gather news. Later on in the game, he makes a full appearance.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Main Gate''</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Gwaihir|Images of Gwaihir]]<br />
* [[Great Eagle]] (the Eagle in ''The Hobbit'' that is sometimes mistaken as Gwaihir)<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
{{Eagles}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Eagles]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Gwaihir]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:animaux:aigles:gwaihir]]<br />
[[fi:Gwaihir]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Anfalas&diff=388179Anfalas2024-03-19T09:00:58Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Anfalas<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Langstrand, Andafalasse<br />
| location=<br />
| type=Region<br />
| description=Western Gondor between [[Lefnui]] and [[Morthond]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
'''Anfalas''', or '''Langstrand''', was a coastal fief<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Gondor'', p. 17</ref> between the rivers [[Lefnui]] and [[Morthond]] south of the [[Pinnath Gelin]] in the southwest of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
During the reign of King [[Telumehtar Umbardacil|Telumehtar]] the [[Corsairs of Umbar]] raided the coasts of Gondor as far as the Anfalas. As a consequence, King Telumehtar assembled his troops, conquered Umbar by storm<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Telumehtar, p. 1048</ref> in {{TA|1810}} and drove out the Corsairs<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 1810, p. 1086</ref>.<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]] Lord [[Golasgil]] led a long line of men of many sorts from Anfalas, hunters, herdsmen and men from little villages, which were scantily equipped, except the men of his household, to the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|MT}}, p. 770</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Anfalas'' is a [[Sindarin]] name,<ref name=PE>{{PE|17}}, entry S ''Anfalas'', p. 97</ref> which means "Long Beach"<ref>{{VT|42a}}, entry , '''''Lefnui'''''p. 15</ref>. It consists of the elements ''[[and]]''<ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''an(d)''</ref> and ''[[falas]]'' ("beach", "strand")<ref name=PE/><ref>{{PE|17}}, entry Q '''falmalinnar''', p. 73</ref><ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''falas''</ref>. It is also translated as '''''Andafalasse''''' in [[Quenya]]<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry Q '''Sindarin''', p. 135</ref> and '''''Langstrand''''' in [[Westron]] ("translated" into English)<ref name=N>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Langstrand''', p. 773</ref>. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] noted that the shortening of ''long'' to ''lang'' is very frequent in English place-names.<ref name=N/><br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Anfalas]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:gondor:anfalas]]<br />
[[fi:Anfalas]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Hirluin&diff=388130Hirluin2024-03-18T13:49:44Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Hirluin<br />
| image=[[File:Jan Pospíšil - Hirluin the Fair.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Hirluin the Fair" by [[:Category:Images by Jan Pospíšil|Jan Pospíšil]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames="the Fair", "of the Green Hills"<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Pinnath Gelin]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=[[15 March|March 15]], {{TA|3019}}<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 15, p. 1094</ref><br />
| deathlocation=[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Hirluin the Fair'''<ref name=MT>{{RK|MT}}, p. 771</ref> or '''Hirluin of the Green Hills'''<ref name=Battle>{{RK|Battle}}, p. 846</ref> was the leader of the troops from [[Pinnath Gelin]], the Green Hills, that came to aid [[Minas Tirith]] during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref name=MT/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
He was one of the many leaders of Men who brought companies to [[Minas Tirith]]; in his contingent were three hundred gallant green-clad men.<ref name=MT/> A week later, he fought in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], rushing to the aid of [[Éomer]] and the [[Rohirrim]], in the van with [[Imrahil]] of [[Dol Amroth]], [[Húrin (Warden of the Keys)|Húrin of the Keys]] and [[Forlong|Forlong of Lossarnach]].<ref name=Battle/> He was slain on the fields before the City.<ref>{{RK|Battle}}, p. 849</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Hirluin.jpg|thumb|left|150px||Hirluin in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br />
'''Hirluin''' is probably a [[Sindarin]] name, which means "Blue Lord". [[David Salo]] suggests that it is composed of the two elements ''[[hîr]]'' ("lord", "master") and ''[[luin]]'' ("blue").<ref>{{HM|GS}}, entry '''Hirluin''', p. 352</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3900263541.html|articlename=S. ''Hirluin'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=18 March 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Hirluin is first met in [[Minas Tirith]] shortly before the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], drinking in a tavern and remembering the days of their youth with his good friend [[Forlong]]. Later, both of them lead the defence of the White City, fighting on the wall alongside other defenders. When the Rohirrim army arrives, both of them rush outside the city gates and faces their foes together before Hirluin is slain before his friend.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Hirluin]]<br />
[[fi:Hirluin]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/hirluin]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Anfalas&diff=387766Anfalas2024-03-17T12:46:08Z<p>Akhorahil: Undo revision 387685 by Sage (talk) The sentence in the source does not say that Elves dwelled in Anfalas, it only says that the memory of old elvish dwellings and of the haven at the mouth of the Morthond was stll alive in Anfalas, so they may have dwelt in Belfalas and CT wrote that Edhellond was in Belfalas</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Anfalas<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Langstrand, Andafalasse<br />
| location=<br />
| type=Region<br />
| description=Western Gondor between [[Lefnui]] and [[Morthond]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
'''Anfalas''', or '''Langstrand''', was a coastal fief<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Gondor'', p. 17</ref> between the rivers [[Lefnui]] and [[Morthond]] south of the [[Pinnath Gelin]] in the southwest of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
After the [[Great Plague]] Gondor was so weakened that during the reign of King [[Telumehtar Umbardacil|Telumehtar]] the [[Corsairs of Umbar]] raided its coasts as far as the Anfalas.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Telumehtar</ref><br />
<br />
Lord [[Golasgil]] led a long line men of many sorts, hunters, herdsmen and men from little villages, which were scantily equipped, except the men of his household, to the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|MT}}, p. 770</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Anfalas'' is a [[Sindarin]] name,<ref name=PE>{{PE|17}}, entry S ''Anfalas'', p. 97</ref> which means "Long Beach"<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 15</ref>. It consists of the elements ''[[and]]'' and ''[[falas]]'' ("beach", "strand")<ref name=PE/><ref>{{}}, entry Q '''falmalinnar''', p. 93</ref>. It is also translated as '''''Andafalasse''''' in [[Quenya]]<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry Q '''Sindarin'''p. 135</ref> and '''''Langstrand''''' in [[Westron]] ("translated" into English)<ref name=N>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Langstrand''', p. 773</ref>. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] noted that the shortening of ''long'' to ''lang'' is very frequent in English place-names.<ref name=N/><br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Anfalas]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:gondor:anfalas]]<br />
[[fi:Anfalas]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Anfalas&diff=387675Anfalas2024-03-16T17:31:16Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Anfalas<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Langstrand, Andafalasse<br />
| location=<br />
| type=Region<br />
| description=Western Gondor between [[Lefnui]] and [[Morthond]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
'''Anfalas''', or '''Langstrand''', was a coastal fief<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Gondor'', p. 17</ref> between the rivers [[Lefnui]] and [[Morthond]] south of the [[Pinnath Gelin]] in the southwest of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
After the [[Great Plague]] Gondor was so weakened that during the reign of King [[Telumehtar Umbardacil|Telumehtar]] the [[Corsairs of Umbar]] raided its coasts as far as the Anfalas.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Telumehtar</ref><br />
<br />
Lord [[Golasgil]] led a long line men of many sorts, hunters, herdsmen and men from little villages, which were scantily equipped, except the men of his household, to the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|MT}}, p. 770</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Anfalas'' is a [[Sindarin]] name,<ref name=PE>{{PE|17}}, entry S ''Anfalas'', p. 97</ref> which means "Long Beach"<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 15</ref>. It consists of the elements ''[[and]]'' and ''[[falas]]'' ("beach", "strand")<ref name=PE/><ref>{{}}, entry Q '''falmalinnar''', p. 93</ref>. It is also translated as '''''Andafalasse''''' in [[Quenya]]<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry Q '''Sindarin'''p. 135</ref> and '''''Langstrand''''' in [[Westron]] ("translated" into English)<ref name=N>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Langstrand''', p. 773</ref>. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] noted that the shortening of ''long'' to ''lang'' is very frequent in English place-names.<ref name=N/><br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Anfalas]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:gondor:anfalas]]<br />
[[fi:Anfalas]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Five_Rivers_of_Lebennin&diff=387662Five Rivers of Lebennin2024-03-16T06:11:23Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Five Rivers of [[Lebennin]]''' are the following:<br />
<br />
#The river [[Erui]],<br />
#The river [[Sirith]], which met the river [[Anduin]] at [[Pelargir]],<br />
#The river [[Celos]], which started in the [[White Mountains]] and became a tributary of the river Sirith,<br />
#The river [[Serni]], which began in the plains of Lebennin and emptied into the [[Bay of Belfalas]] west of the [[Ethir Anduin]] and southwest of the city of [[Linhir]], and<br />
#The river [[Gilrain]], which started as two unnamed tributaries in the White Mountains, and flowed south meeting the Serni at Linhir.<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Lebennin'', p. 274</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Five Rivers were the Gilrain, the Serni, the Sirith, the Celos, and the [[Erui]]. Each of the rivers was the domain of a River-Maiden, one of the Five Sisters of Lebennin. By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the Five Sisters were considered a myth by most of the [[Men]] of Lebennin, though it remained traditional to leave baskets of flowers as offerings to the rivers.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Rivers]]<br />
[[de:Lebennin#Geographie]]<br />
[[fi:Lebennin]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Linhir&diff=387657Linhir2024-03-15T15:40:51Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Linhir<br />
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Linhir.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption=Linhir in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
| pronun={{respell|lin|hear}}<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Southwest of the confluence of the [[Gilrain]] and [[Serni]] in southern [[Gondor]]<br />
| type=Town<br />
| description=Haven and ferrybridge<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
'''Linhir''' was a haven with a ferrybridge over the river [[Gilrain]].<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Linhir'',p. 587</ref> It was located just downstream from the juncture of the river [[Gilrain]] and the river [[Serni]] on the western side of the river in [[Dor-en-Ernil]] in southern [[Gondor]]. Through it passed the road from [[Erech]] to [[Pelargir]].<ref>{{RK|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
On [[11 March]] {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March, 11, p. 1093</ref> [[Aragorn]] arrived with the [[Grey Company]] and the [[Oathbreakers|Army of the Dead]] at Linhir where men of [[Lamedon]] were defending the fords over the river Gilrain against men from [[Umbar]] and from [[Harad]], which had sailed up the river. Except the stout-hearted [[Angbor]], the Lord of Lamedon, both the defenders and the attacking forces fled in terror from the Army of the Dead. Aragorn asked Angbor to gather his troops and to help him to pursue the men from Umbar and from Harad over the river Gilrain to [[Pelargir]] where the main fleet from Umbar was anchored.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}, p. 875</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Linhir'' is a [[Sindarin]] name,<ref name=Eldamo>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-2205548511.html|articlename=S. ''Linhir'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=21 June 2022}}</ref> which means "fair stream". It is properly a river name for the joint course of the river Gilrain and the river Serni from their junction to the sea.<ref name=UI/> Paul Strack suggests that it is a compound of ''lind'' ("fair") and the [[lenition|lenited]] form of ''[[sîr]]'' ("river").<ref name=Eldamo/><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:As in the book, Linhir was a city in the region of Central [[Gondor]]. It straddled the rivers [[Serni]] and [[Gilrain]] just past their confluence and therefore was built in both [[Dor-en-Ernil]] and Lower [[Lebennin]], but was mainly considered part of the former. Three brothers, "Erchar", "Garvir", and "Herion", sons of the late "Comeldir", commanded the soldiers of Linhir following [[Aragorn]]'s passage. The brothers were commanded to defend the city, but Erchar and Herion instead attacked the enemy forces in Dor-en-Ernil, resulting in the deaths of many of their men. The brothers were later convinced to return, and when both sides recovered from the terror of the [[Oathbreakers]] the remaining [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] and [[Haradrim]] launched a second attack. The Gondorians were again victorious but suffered heavy losses.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
[[de:Linhir]]<br />
[[fi:Linhir]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/gondor/linhir]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gilrain&diff=387656Gilrain2024-03-15T15:32:16Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the river|mother of [[Aragorn]]|[[Gilraen]]}}<br />
The '''Gilrain''' was a river in the south of [[Gondor]].<ref name=RKMap>{{RK|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Course==<br />
The Gilrain flowed from its source on the southern slope in the east of the [[White Mountains]]<ref name=RKMap/> swiftly southward until at the end of the southward outlier of the mountains that separated the valley of the river Gilrain from the valley of the river [[Celos]], it entered a wide shallow depression<ref name=Amroth>{{UT|Amroth}}, pp. 242-3</ref>. There the Gilrain wandered for awhile and formed a small lake at the southern end of the depression where it cut through a ridge and flowed over waterfalls again swiftly southward until its confluence<ref name=Amroth/> with its tributary, the river [[Serni]]. A short distance downstream at [[Linhir]] were the fords where travellers on the road from [[Erech]] to [[Pelargir]] crossed over the river. The Gilrain then continued to flow southwest for another 20 miles until it emtpied into the [[Bay of Belfalas]] west of the [[Ethir Anduin]].<ref>{{RK|Debate}}, "we came to Linhir above the mouth of Gilrain", "And there men of Lamedon contested the fords with fell folk of Umbar and Harad who had sailed up the river." and "Thus we crossed over Gilrain", p. 875</ref><ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Gilrain''</ref><ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Linhir'' "a haven with ferrybridge over Gilraen near its mouth" and entry ''Gilrain'' "river of Gondor, joining Serni and fl[owing] to [the] Sea beyond the Ethir", p. 587</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Legend said that [[Nimrodel]] tarried there upon the banks of the lake formed by the Gilrain as she came south out of the White Mountains, falling into a long sleep and thus missing [[Amroth]]'s ship.<ref name=Amroth/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The first element in the [[Sindarin]] name ''Gilrain'' is ''[[gil]]'' ("spark"),<ref>{{VT|42a}}, entry '''''Gilrain''''', pp. 11-3</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xxii}}, pp. 382-4</ref> and the second element derives from the root [[RAN]] ("wander, stray")<ref name=Amroth/>.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
It is mentioned that the Serni continued to be called the Serni after its confluence with the Gilraen until it flowed into the sea and that its mouth was blocked with shingles in the entry ''Serni'' in the index of ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' that was written by [[Christopher Tolkien]] in [[1980]] and in the etymological essay [[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]] that was written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] sometime after June [[1969]].<ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Serni''</ref><ref>{{VT|42a}}, entry '''''Gilrain''''', p. 10</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xxii}}, p. 381</ref> In addition, the label "Serni" is placed downstream from the confluence of the two rivers not far upstream where the river flows into the Bay of Belfalas on the map of [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]], which was drawn by Christopher Tolkien and published with ''Unfinished Tales'' in 1980.<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
On the [[General Map of Middle-earth]], which was drawn by Christopher Tolkien in late [[1953]] and published with older editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' the "R" of the label "River GILRAIN" is placed downstream from the confluence of the two rivers not far upstream from where the river flows into the Bay of Belfalas. This is consistent with the location of the "R" in the label "R Gilrain" on [[The Third Map of The Lord of the Rings]], which was drawn by J.R.R. Tolkien during the writing of ''The Lord of the Rings'' based on which Christopher Tolkien drew the General Map of Middle-earth. The text of a revised version of the draft manuscript for the chapter ''[[The Last Debate]]'' explicitly states that Linhir and the fords were on the shore of the Gilrain, that the men of Lamedon defended the passage over the Gilrain at Linhir and that the enemy had sailed up the mouth of the Gilrain.<ref>{{WR|3|XII}}, "to Linhir beside the waters of Gilrain where there are fords that lead into Lebennin" and "There the men of Lamedon had been contesting the passage of Gilrain with a great strength of the Haradrim, and of their allies the Shipmen of Umbar, who had sailed up Gilrainmouth", pp. 411-2</ref><ref>[[Christopher Tolkien]], [[General Map of Middle-earth]] (published in older editions of [[The Lord of the Rings]]).</ref><br />
<br />
For the joint course of the Gilrain and the Serni from their confluence to the sea the name ''Linhir'' was also used.<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Linhir'', "name of the joint course of Gilrain and Ringlo [i.e. Serni] bet[ween] their junction and the sea", p. 587</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The river Gilrain formed the border between the areas of [[Dor-en-Ernil]] and Lower [[Lebennin]] in the region of Central [[Gondor]]. The river was the domain of the gentle River-maid Roamingstar, one of the Five Sisters, who dwelt in the mere. Roamingstar lulled the elf-maid [[Nimrodel]] to sleep with her song and so accidentally caused the Elf to lose her beloved, [[Amroth]], a tragedy the River-maid still felt guilt for during the [[War of the Ring]]. She and her sisters were widely considered myths by then, but when her aid was sought for Gondor she gave it by preventing the Ruthless Dead from crossing her river into Lebennin.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Gilrain]]<br />
[[fi:Gilrain]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Serni&diff=387655Serni2024-03-15T15:26:10Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Serni''' was a river in the south of [[Gondor]].<ref name=Map>{{RK|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Course==<br />
The Serni flowed from a source south of the eastern [[White Mountains]] southwestward through [[Lebennin]] until it met the river [[Gilrain]] just above [[Linhir]].<ref name=Map/><ref>{{RK|Debate}}, "we came to Linhir above the mouth of Gilrain", "And there men of Lamedon contested the fords with fell folk of Umbar and Harad who had sailed up the river." and "Thus we crossed over Gilrain", p. 875</ref><ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Gilrain''</ref><ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Linhir'' "a haven with ferrybridge over Gilraen near its mouth" and entry ''Gilrain'' "river of Gondor, joining Serni and fl[owing] to [the] Sea beyond the Ethir", p. 587</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name ''Serni'' is an "adjectival formation" deriving from [[Sindarin]] ''[[sarn]]'' ("small stone", "pebble") (therefore probably meaning "stony"<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 348</ref> or "pebbly") or the equivalent of the [[Quenya]] collective ''[[Sar|sarnie]]'' (''sarniye'') ("shingle", "pebble bank").<ref name=UTIndex>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Serni''</ref><ref name=vt>{{VT|42a}}, entry '''''Serni''''', p. 11</ref><ref name=NM>{{NM|P3xxii}}, entry ''Serni'', p. 381</ref><br />
<br />
The name of the river is spelled ''Serni'' in the maps of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]]''. In the footnote 1 of the Preface of [[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]] it was spelled ''Sernui''<ref>{{AB|Preface}}</ref> until the 2014 edition, where the editors [[Christina Scull]] and [[Wayne G. Hammond]] have changed the name to ''Serni'', considering ''Sernui'' "very likely a typographic error for ''Serni''" even though they refer to a comment by [[Carl F. Hostetter]] who informed them that ''sernui'' "would be possible as an unattested adjectival formation *'stony' from ''sarn'' 'stone'".<ref>{{AB|Comm}}, p. 120-121; cf. Preface, p. 31.</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
It is mentioned that the Serni continued to be called the Serni after its confluence with the Gilraen until it flowed into the sea and that its mouth was blocked with shingles in the entry ''Serni'' in the index of ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' that was written by [[Christopher Tolkien]] in [[1980]] and in the etymological essay [[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]] that was written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] sometime after June [[1969]].<ref name=UTIndex/><ref>{{VT|42a}}, entry '''''Gilrain''''', p. 10</ref><ref name=NM/> In addition, the label "Serni" is placed downstream from the confluence of the two rivers not far upstream from where the river flows into the Bay of Belfalas on the map of [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]], which was drawn by Christopher Tolkien and published with ''Unfinished Tales'' in 1980.<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
On the [[General Map of Middle-earth]], which was drawn by Christopher Tolkien in late [[1953]] and published with older editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' the "R" of the label "River GILRAIN" is placed downstream from the confluence of the two rivers not far upstream where the river flows into the Bay of Belfalas. This is consistent with the location of the "R" in the label "R Gilrain" on [[The Third Map of The Lord of the Rings]], which was drawn by J.R.R. Tolkien during the writing of ''The Lord of the Rings'' based on which Christopher Tolkien drew the General Map of Middle-earth. The text of a revised version of the draft manuscript for the chapter ''[[The Last Debate]]'' explicitly states that Linhir and the fords were on the shore of the Gilrain, that the men of Lamedon defended the passage over the Gilrain at Linhir and that the enemy had sailed up the mouth of the Gilrain.<ref>{{WR|3|XII}}, "to Linhir beside the waters of Gilrain where there are fords that lead into Lebennin" and "There the men of Lamedon had been contesting the passage of Gilrain with a great strength of the Haradrim, and of their allies the Shipmen of Umbar, who had sailed up Gilrainmouth", pp. 411-2</ref><ref>[[Christopher Tolkien]], [[General Map of Middle-earth]] (published in older editions of [[The Lord of the Rings]]).</ref><br />
<br />
For the joint course of the Gilrain and the Serni from their confluence to the sea the name ''Linhir'' was also used.<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Linhir'', "name of the joint course of Gilrain and Ringlo [i.e. Serni] bet[ween] their junction and the sea", p. 587</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The river Serni was found in Lower [[Lebennin]] in the region of Central [[Gondor]]. As its name indicated, it was strewn with rocks. There were two fords, with the western one being south of the town of "Malbarth" and the eastern one south of "Ost Anglebed". The Serni was the domain of the stern River-maid Grey-eye, one of the Five Sisters, though she and her sisters were widely considered a myth by the time of the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
[[de:Serni]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/gondor/serni]]<br />
[[fi:Serni]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gilrain&diff=387652Gilrain2024-03-15T10:12:53Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references so that the different labels and versions for the name of the river after the confluence of the Gilrain and the Serni are explained; I am not done with the history section</p>
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<div>{{disambig-two|the river|mother of [[Aragorn]]|[[Gilraen]]}}<br />
The '''Gilrain''' was a river in the south of [[Gondor]].<ref name=RKMap>{{RK|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Course==<br />
The Gilrain flowed from its source on the southern slope in the east of the [[White Mountains]]<ref name=RKMap/> swiftly southward until at the end of the southward outlier of the mountains that separated the valley of the river Gilrain from the valley of the river [[Celos]], it entered a wide shallow depression<ref name=Amroth>{{UT|Amroth}}, pp. 242-3</ref>. There the Gilrain wandered for awhile and formed a small lake at the southern end of the depression where it cut through a ridge and then flowed again swiftly southward until its confluence<ref name=Amroth/> with its tributary, the river [[Serni]]. A short distance downstream at [[Linhir]] were the fords where travellers on the road from [[Erech]] to [[Pelargir]] crossed over the river. The Gilrain then continued to flow southwest for another 20 miles until it emtpied into the [[Bay of Belfalas]] west of the [[Ethir Anduin]].<ref>{{RK|Debate}}, "we came to Linhir above the mouth of Gilrain", "And there men of Lamedon contested the fords with fell folk of Umbar and Harad who had sailed up the river." and "Thus we crossed over Gilrain", p. 875</ref><ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Gilrain''</ref><ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Linhir'' "a haven with ferrybridge over Gilraen near its mouth" and entry ''Gilrain'' "river of Gondor, joining Serni and fl[owing] to [the] Sea beyond the Ethir", p. 587</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Legend said that [[Nimrodel]] tarried there upon the banks of the lake formed by the Gilrain as she came south out of the White Mountains, falling into a long sleep and thus missing [[Amroth]]'s ship.<ref name=Amroth/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The first element in the [[Sindarin]] name ''Gilrain'' is ''[[gil]]'' ("spark"),<ref>{{VT|42a}}, entry '''''Gilrain''''', pp. 11-3</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xxii}}, pp. 382-4</ref> and the second element derives from the root [[RAN]] ("wander, stray")<ref name=Amroth/>.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
It is mentioned that the Serni continued to be called the Serni after its confluence with the Gilraen until it flowed into the sea and that its mouth was blocked with shingles. In the entry ''Serni'' in the index of ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' that was written by [[Christopher Tolkien]] in [[1980]] and in the etymological essay [[The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor]] that was written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] sometime after June [[1969]].<ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Serni''</ref><ref>{{VT|42a}}, entry '''''Gilrain''''', p. 10</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xxii}}, p. 381</ref> In addition, the label "Serni" is placed downstream from the confluence of the two rivers not far upstream where the river flows into the Bay of Belfalas on the map of [[The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age]], which was drawn by Christopher Tolkien and published with ''Unfinished Tales'' in 1980.<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
On the [[General Map of Middle-earth]], which was drawn by Christopher Tolkien in late [[1953]] and published with older editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' the "R" of the label "River GILRAIN" is placed downstream from the confluence of the two rivers not far upstream where the river flows into the Bay of Belfalas. This is consistent with the location of the "R" in the label "R Gilrain" on [[The Third Map of The Lord of the Rings]], which was drawn by J.R.R. Tolkien during the writing of ''The Lord of the Rings'' based on which Christopher Tolkien drew the General Map of Middle-earth. The text of a revised version of the draft manuscript for the chapter ''[[The Last Debate]]'' explicitly states that Linhir and the fords were on the shore of the Gilrain, that the men of Lamedon defended the passage over the Gilrain at Linhir and that the enemy had sailed up the mouth of the Gilrain.<ref>{{WR|3|XII}}, "to Linhir beside the waters of Gilrain where there are fords that lead into Lebennin" and "There the men of Lamedon had been contesting the passage of Gilrain with a great strength of the Haradrim, and of their allies the Shipmen of Umbar, who had sailed up Gilrainmouth", pp. 411-2</ref><ref>[[Christopher Tolkien]], [[General Map of Middle-earth]] (published in older editions of [[The Lord of the Rings]]).</ref><br />
<br />
For the joint course of the Gilrain and the Serni from their confluence to the sea the name ''Linhir'' was also used.<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Linhir'', "name of the joint course of Gilrain and Ringlo [i.e. Serni] bet[ween] their junction and the sea", p. 587</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The river Gilrain formed the border between the areas of [[Dor-en-Ernil]] and Lower [[Lebennin]] in the region of Central [[Gondor]]. The river was the domain of the gentle River-maid Roamingstar, one of the Five Sisters, who dwelt in the mere. Roamingstar lulled the elf-maid [[Nimrodel]] to sleep with her song and so accidentally caused the Elf to lose her beloved, [[Amroth]], a tragedy the River-maid still felt guilt for during the [[War of the Ring]]. She and her sisters were widely considered myths by then, but when her aid was sought for Gondor she gave it by preventing the Ruthless Dead from crossing her river into Lebennin.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Gilrain]]<br />
[[fi:Gilrain]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Black_Ships&diff=387634Talk:Black Ships2024-03-14T15:46:37Z<p>Akhorahil: I am in favor of deleting this page</p>
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<div>==Delete? Rename?==<br />
The term black ship is only used twice in LotR. In both cases, it could easily be argued that 'black ship' is just a description of the ships, not the actual names for it. Additionally, they are always referred to in lowercase so if this page is kept it should be renamed to: Black ships.<br />
''‘Do you know, I guessed it was you in the black ships. (p. 863)<br />
<br />
''even as he laughed at despair he looked out again on the black ships, and he lifted up his sword to defy them.'' (p. 847)<br />
<br />
:I double-checked it by searching for the term "black ship" in an e-book version of LOTR and can confirm that the words are uncapitalized in all cases and black ship does not seem to be used as a proper name, but is merely a description that the sails were black, because it is mentioned that the ships had black sails in the chapter The Mirror of Galadriel, the chapter The Battle of the Pelennor Fields and in the chapter The Pyre of Denethor and the ships were also referred to as the black fleet in the chapter Minas Tirith and in the chapter The Last Debate. This page does not add any information. The information that some of the ships of the Corsairs of Umbar had black sails is already on the Corsairs of Umbar page. I am in favor of deleting the Black Ships page. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 15:46, 14 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Westfold-men&diff=387631Westfold-men2024-03-14T15:34:34Z<p>Akhorahil: Added some information to the OVOTL that indicates that the men from Westfold in the early draft probably came from outside of Rohan, because Westfold used to be where now Dunland is on an old map; moved the information about Helmingas from the index from the etymology to the See also section where the Helmingas are mentioned</p>
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<div>'''Westfold-men''',<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, pp. 531, 535 and 538</ref><ref>{{TT|Road}}, p. 543</ref> also known as '''Westfolders''',<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 532</ref> or men of Westfold<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 535</ref> were [[Men]] who lived in the [[Westfold]] of [[Rohan]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Some of the original Westfold-men may have been [[Gondorians]] of [[Calenardhon]] until it was given to the Rohirrim in {{TA|2510}}.<ref>{{UT|Eorl}}</ref> Those people likely built or helped build Helm's Deep which was located in Westfold.<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 528</ref><br />
<br />
At the time of the [[War of the Ring]] their commander was [[Erkenbrand]].<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 529</ref> They participated in the [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]] and suffered many losses.<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> Erkenbrand then led his men to [[Helm's Deep]].<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 527</ref> Some Westfold-men were already at Helm's Deep,<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 531</ref> but Erkenbrand and the men under his command had not arrived by the time the battle had begun and it was feared that they has been overtaken and would not come.<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, pp. 529-31</ref> Erkenbrand and his men (1000 in total) arrived in a dire hour of need during the battle led by [[Gandalf]].<ref>{{TT|Deep}}, p. 541</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Westfold is a combination of "West" and fold from [[Old English]] folde ("earth", "land", "country").<ref>{{HM|N}}, entry '''Folde''', pp. 770-71</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
On the [[First Map of The Lord of the Rings]] a label called ''Westfold'' was placed in a western valley in the south of the [[Misty Mountains]] where Dunland is now located on the final published maps, but it was struck out afterwards.<ref>{{TI|MIVd}}, map square N10, p. 319</ref> In an early draft of the chapter [[Helm's Deep (chapter)|Helm's Deep]] the men who served [[Saruman]] were from Westfold and spoke the "Tongue of Westfold".<ref>{{WR|1|II}}, p. 8 and p. 21</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Helmingas]]<br />
<br />
The Index of 50th Anniversary Edition of The Lord of the Rings (edited by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull) seems to interpret Helmingas and Westfold-men as somehow synonymous, and connects the two.<ref>{{RK|Index}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Rohirrim]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lebennin&diff=387592Lebennin2024-03-14T10:15:53Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
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<div>{{location infobox| name=Lebennin| image=| caption=| pronun=| othernames=Land of Five Streams| location=Southern [[Gondor]]| type=Province| description=| regions=| towns=[[Pelargir]]| inhabitants=[[Men of Gondor]]| created={{SA|3320}}| destroyed=| rebuilt=| events=[[Kin-strife]]<br/>[[War of the Ring]]}}<br />
'''Lebennin''' (prounounced [{{IPA|lɛˈbɛn.nɪn}}] {{respell|le|ben|nin}}) was a fief<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Lebennin'', p. 274</ref> and region in the south of [[Gondor]].<ref name=Map>{{RK|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Lebennin was the land between the [[White Mountains]] in the north, the river [[Anduin]] in the south and the river [[Gilrain]] in the west<ref>>{{UT|8e}}, note 36</ref> from [[Anórien]] to [[Belfalas]].<ref name=UI/><br />
<br />
It was known as ''Fair Lebennin of the Five Streams'', which referred to the [[Five Rivers of Lebennin]].<ref name=UI>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Lebennin'', p. 274</ref> The city of [[Pelargir]] was in the south of Lebennin.<ref name=Map/><br />
<br />
At the time of the [[War of the Ring]] a numerous amount of hardy [[Men]]<ref name=MT765>{{RK|MT}}, p. 765</ref> of mixed blood, which included short and swarthy people who were more descended from the forgotten men who lived in the shadows of the hills before the coming of the [[King of Gondor|kings]].<ref name=MT>{{RK|MT}}, p. 750</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], Lebennin did not send men to the aid of [[Minas Tirith]] before the [[Siege of Minas Tirith]].<ref>{{RK|MT}}, p. 770</ref> This was probably because Lebennin was under attack by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]].<ref name=MT765/> [[Aragorn]], leading the [[Grey Company]] and the [[Oathbreakers|Dead Men]] of [[Dunharrow]], came to [[Linhir]]. There men from [[Lamedon]] defended the fords agains men from [[Umbar]] and [[Harad]] who had sailed up the river, but all of them fled when Aragorn arrived and cried that the King of the Dead had come. Only [[Angbor]], the Lord of [[Lamedon]] had the courage to stay and Aragorn asked him to gather his men and follow him because he would need them at [[Pelargir]]. They crossed over the river Gilrain into Lebennin<ref>{{RK|Debate}}, p. 875</ref> on [[11 March]]<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 11, p. 1093</ref> driving their fleeing enemies before them and defeated the Corsairs of Umbar and the Haradrim near the city of Pelargir<ref>{{RK|Debate}}, p. 876</ref> on [[13 March]]<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 13, p. 1093</ref>. On the next day troops from Lebennin travelled with Aragorn and the Grey Company up the Anduin on the captured ships of the Corsairs of Umbar<ref>{{RK|Debate}}, p. 877</ref> to aid the forces of Minas Tirith and the [[Rohirrim]] in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|Battle}}, p. 848</ref><br />
[[File:Lori Deitrick - Men of Lebennin.png|left|thumb|[[Lori Deitrick]] - ''Men of Lebennin'']]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Lebennin'' means "five rivers"<ref name=UI/> in [[Sindarin]]<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, entry S ''Lebennin'', p. 95</ref>. It consists of ''[[leben]]'' ("five") and ''[[nen|nin]]'' ("rivers", "waters").<ref name=PE17/><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-4175770691.html|articlename=S. ''Lebennin'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=14 March 2024}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: Lebennin is the most populous province in Southern Gondor. Its capital is Pelargir, and other landmarks in the region include Fanuilond (town), Glinduin (river) and Serni (river).<ref>{{ICE|2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''<br />
: Lebennin is a region which links to Anórien, Belfalas, Lamedon, and the Mouths of the Anduin. "Men of Lebennin" is a Man Faction, playable at the site Pelargir.<br />
<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:For game development purposes, Lebennin was divided into Lower Lebennin and Upper Lebennin, divided by [[Pelargir]] and the river [[Sirith]]. Lower Lebennin was the eastern-most area in Central Gondor and Upper Lebennin was the western-most area in Eastern Gondor. [[Dor-en-Ernil]] lay to the west across the river [[Gilrain]] and [[Lossarnach]] lay to the east across the river [[Erui]]. The emblem of Lebennin was five wavy blue lines representing the [[Five Rivers of Lebennin|Five Rivers]] on a white field. Aside from Pelargir, major settlements in Lebennin included "Ost Anglebed", "Glaniath", and [[Tumladen (Gondor)|Tumladen]], along with [[Linhir]] which was also part of [[Dor-en-Ernil]]. The smaller settlements, some of which had fallen to enemy forces before the breaking of the [[Siege of Gondor]], included "Ethilorn", "Sarnhad", "Malbarth", "Aerthir", "Lornost", "Erynos", and "Halach". A local tradition in Lebennin was the offering of gift baskets to the rivers in honor of the Five Sisters of Lebennin, though by the end of the [[Third Age]] few believed the Sisters were any more than a myth.<br />
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{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Five_Rivers_of_Lebennin&diff=387589Five Rivers of Lebennin2024-03-14T08:56:40Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added a reference</p>
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<div>The '''Five Rivers of [[Lebennin]]''' are the following:<br />
<br />
#The river [[Erui]],<br />
#The river [[Sirith]], which met the river [[Anduin]] at [[Pelargir]],<br />
#The river [[Celos]], which started in the [[White Mountains]] and became a tributary of the river Serni,<br />
#The river [[Serni]], which began in the plains of Lebennin and emptied into the [[Bay of Belfalas]] north of the [[Ethir Anduin]] and southwest of the city of [[Linhir]], and<br />
#The river [[Gilrain]], which started as two unnamed tributaries in the White Mountains, and flowed south meeting the Serni at Linhir.<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Lebennin'', p. 274</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Five Rivers were the Gilrain, the Serni, the Sirith, the Celos, and the [[Erui]]. Each of the rivers was the domain of a River-Maiden, one of the Five Sisters of Lebennin. By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the Five Sisters were considered a myth by most of the [[Men]] of Lebennin, though it remained traditional to leave baskets of flowers as offerings to the rivers.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Rivers]]<br />
[[de:Lebennin#Geographie]]<br />
[[fi:Lebennin]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Tar-M%C3%ADriel&diff=387394Talk:Tar-Míriel2024-03-11T09:20:09Z<p>Akhorahil: /* Rule */ Years of rule for non-ruling wives and husbands of rulers of Númenor</p>
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<div>== Rule ==<br />
Her rule is currently listed as "None: Queenship usurped", while it is true that she was never a [[Ruling Queen of Númenor]] she was still a [[Queen of Númenor]], being the wife of [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. For other queens we still list their rule (see for example: [[Tar-Vanimeldë]]). <span style= color:#467a55>~</span> [[User:Éowyn|<span style= color:#9CD5AD>Éowyn</span>]] [[Éowyn|<span style= color:#467a55>☆</span>]] [[User talk:Éowyn|<span style= color:#9CD5AD>talk</span/>]] <span style= color:#467a55>~</span> 22:50, 7 March 2024 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: It was correct to list the years of the rule of Tar-Vanimeldë, because she was not just a queen, but a Ruling Queen and so was listed with a roman number in the list of Kings and Ruling Queens of Númenor in the chapter The Line of Elros:Kings of Númenor in UT. In note 15 of that chapter it is said that Míriel should have been the fourth Ruling Queen and in appendix A I (i) of LOTR it is said that she should have been "the fourth Queen". But she never officially ruled like Tar-Vanimeldë with her husband doing the day to day work, but Míriel's husband Pharazôn seized the sceptre into his own hand. Note that Pharazôn is listed in this list as Ar-Pharazôn (i.e. "King"-Pharazôn) with the roman number XXV (i.e. the twenty-fifth ruler) and that Tar-Míriel does not have a roman number in this list and is not mentioned there as a "Ruling Queen" although the other Ruling Queens are explicitly called "Ruling Queen" in this list. In short due to her power hungry husband who "usurped the sceptre" according to appendix A I (i) of LOTR, more speaks against listing the years of her rule (because she did not seem to rule on paper in the list of Kings) than listing them. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 10:15, 8 March 2024 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Whoops. Correct example: [[Almarian]]. She isn't a ruling queen but does have her rule listed. If we're going to have her rule listed it would also make sense to have Tar-Miriel's rule listed though I do see the reasoning for not including it. <span style= color:#467a55>~</span> [[User:Éowyn|<span style= color:#9CD5AD>Éowyn</span>]] [[Éowyn|<span style= color:#467a55>☆</span>]] [[User talk:Éowyn|<span style= color:#9CD5AD>talk</span/>]] <span style= color:#467a55>~</span> 15:02, 8 March 2024 (UTC)<br />
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:::The situation concerning Almarian, the queen of Tar-Meneldur is different. She was not a Ruling Queen, in fact she married the King before the King's son changed the law of succession so that women could become a Ruling Queen and officially rule as a queen. In addition, it is not mentioned that her husband made her his regent or that she de facto took a lot of the decisions of day-to-day rule. So in my opinion, no years of rule should be mentioned in the infobox on the Almarian page. If a rule for non-ruling queens should be mentioned, then non-ruling queen consorts, such as Hallacar, the husband of Tar-Ancalimë would need to have years of his "rule" mentioned. You could go through all the genealogical trees of the kings and queens of Númenor and any mention of husbands or wives in the sources and check whether the years of rule are mentioned for any other non-ruling husbands or wives on their pages on Tolkien Gateway and no years should be mentioned in the rule line in infoboxes for them. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 09:19, 11 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=C%C4%81no&diff=387368Cāno2024-03-11T06:34:21Z<p>Akhorahil: Inserted the chapter into the reference</p>
<hr />
<div>'''''cāno''''' means "herald" in [[Telerin]].<ref name=PM>{{PM|Shibboleth}} p. 362</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
*[[Sundocarme|Root]]: [[Common Eldarin]] [[KAN]]<ref name=PM/><br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cano}}<br />
{{title|lowercase}}<br />
[[Category:Telerin nouns]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:QuickbeamTheGreen&diff=387159User talk:QuickbeamTheGreen2024-03-09T11:03:54Z<p>Akhorahil: /* Edit on the Gilmith page */</p>
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== Edit on the Gilmith page ==<br />
<br />
Thank you for your interest in Tolkien Gateway and for trying to help to improve the content on Tolkien Gateway. I checked your edit on the Gilmith page and noticed that you made some errors in your edit and that you did not include a reference that supports the statements that you made. I already corrected those problems on the Gilmith page and also changed the existing references to be more precise to make it easier for readers to find the information in the sources in the references. To speak at bit like Treebeard, I advise you not to be so "hasty" in the future and to use the preview function to check whether there are any errors and whether all the statements that you added are supported by a reference. You misspelled Gilmith as Gimlith (probably a typo) at the beginning of the etymology section. In addition you used capitalized versions of pages for the Sindarin words gil and mith, which have uncapitalized page names (but the links to those pages worked anyhow). Furthermore you only used the code for italics for the alternative text in the links instead of using italics outside the links (which is usually done, but your method creates the same result). The most important problem is that you did not include a reference that supports your statement that Gilmith is probably a Sindarin name and that it probably consists of the compounds gil ("star") and mith ("grey"). We ususually first check publications, which were written by J.R.R. Tolkien or his son Christopher Tolkien if they ever wrote anything about which language a name is in, if they ever provided the meaning of the name in english and if they ever provided the components of the name. Many entries in etymology sections on Tolkien Gateway use an entry in eldamo.org as a reference, which is a high quality dictionary for names/words in Sindarin (or Quenya, etc.) and which in turn discloses which publications written by J.R.R. Tolkien or others it uses as a reference for its translations. Furthermore you did not provide a translation for the name, although eldamo.org does provide a probable translation "Grey Star". I hope that this feedback helps you with future edits. [[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 08:15, 8 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:NotJesper&diff=387158User talk:NotJesper2024-03-09T11:00:30Z<p>Akhorahil: /* Edits on pages with rewrites */ Fixed some more errors</p>
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== Edits on pages with rewrites ==<br />
<br />
Thank you for your interest in improving the content of Tolkien Gateway. I noticed that your rewrote content on several pages recently. Edits should not primarily be made to rewrite content to suit one's personal preferences. In addition, even rephrasing should not change content so that the statements in the sources by J.R.R. Tolkien are not longer as they were. For example you changed that he was of a family that claimed descent from a captain of the Northmen to "he claimed descent from the Northmen". There is a difference between making or repeating a claim oneself and one's family making that claim. Furthermore you changed "After 15 days he came at last to the Éothéod" to "He was pursued for fifteen days, as far north as the Gladden Fields". This is incorrect. Borondir was sent out by Cirion on the 10th of March and he arrived at the Éothéod who lived in the upper vales of Anduin (i.e. far above the Gladden Fields) fifteen days later on the 25th of March. We do not know from where Borondir was sent (but probably from Minas Tirith and not from near Dol Guldur) and he was only pursued as far north as the Gladden Fields and not further north all the way to the Éothéod. In addition, you did not correct the existing problem that the existing statements were not supported by a precise reference. The only reference was to an entire chapter of the book Unfinished Tales, although the information either comes from a subsection of that chapter or from a footnote of that chapter or is even cited in that subsection from parts of the appendices of The Lord of the Rings. Please always have the sources in the books open next to you when you edit and consider if an edit is really necessary and will do more good than harm for the quality of the content on Tolkien Gateway. [[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 11:52, 8 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:NotJesper&diff=387157User talk:NotJesper2024-03-09T10:58:50Z<p>Akhorahil: /* Edits on pages with rewrites */ Corrected a typo</p>
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== Edits on pages with rewrites ==<br />
<br />
Thank you for your interest in improving the content of Tolkien Gateway. I noticed that your rewrote content on several pages recently. Edits should not primarily done to rewrite content to suit one's personal preference. In addittion, even rephrasing should not changed content so that the statements in the sources by J.R.R. Tolkien are not longer as they were. For example you changed that he was of a family that claimed descent from a captain of the Northmen to "he claimed descent from the Northmen". There is a difference between making or repeating a claim oneself and one's family making that claim. Furthermore you changed "After 15 days he came at last to the Éothéod" to "He was pursued for fifteen days, as far north as the Gladden Fields". This is incorrect. Borondir was sent out by Cirion on the 10th of March and he arrived at the Éothéod who lived in the upper vales of Anduin (i.e. far above the Gladden Fields) fifteen days later on the 25th of March. We do not know from where Borondir was sent (but probably from Minas Tirith and not from near Dol Guldur) and he was only pursued as far north as the Gladden Fields and not further north all the way to the Éothéod. In addition, you did not correct the existing problem that the existing statements were not supported by a precise reference. The only reference was to an entire chapter of the book Unfinished Tales, although the information either comes from a subsection of that chapter or from a footnote of that chapter or is even cited in that subsection from parts of the appendices of The Lord of the Rings. Please always have the sources in the books open next to you when you edit and consider if an edit is really necessary and will do more good than harm for the quality of the content on Tolkien Gateway. [[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 11:52, 8 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Tom_Bombadil&diff=387040Tom Bombadil2024-03-08T12:30:36Z<p>Akhorahil: Added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Tom|[[Tom (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{other infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:John Howe - Tom Bombadil.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Tom Bombadil" by [[John Howe]]<br />
| name=Tom Bombadil<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Iarwain Ben-adar'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />''Orald'' ([[Rohan language|R]])<br />''Forn'' ([[Khuzdul|K]])<br />
| titles=The [[Eldest]], [[Master]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Underhill (house)|Underhill]], [[Old Forest]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=saving [[Frodo]], [[Sam]], [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]] from [[Old Man Willow]] and the [[Barrow-wights]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=[[Goldberry]]<br />
| children=<br />
| race=[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|Unknown]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=Short<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=Blue jacket and hat, boots<br />
| weapons=Song<br />
| steed=[[Fatty Lumpkin]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{quote|Eldest, that's what I am... Tom remembers the first raindrop and the first acorn... he knew the dark under the stars when it was fearless – before the Dark Lord came from Outside.|Tom Bombadil in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[In the House of Tom Bombadil]]"}}<br />
<br />
'''Tom Bombadil''' was an enigmatic figure that lived throughout the history of [[Arda]]. Living in the depths of the [[Old Forest]], he seemed to possess unequaled power in the land around his dwelling. Although seemingly benevolent, he took no stance against the [[Dark Lord|Dark Lords]].<br />
<br />
==Appearance and traits==<br />
{{quote|Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow;<br>Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.|Tom Bombadil}}<br />
<br />
Tom looked like an old man who was taller and heavier than a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]], but not quite tall enough for a [[Men|man]].<ref name="OldF"/><br />
<br />
His face was creased and red as a ripe apple with blue and bright eyes.<ref name="OldF"/> His hands were brown-skinned.<ref name="house" /> He had thick brown hair<ref name="house"/> and a long brown beard<ref name="OldF"/>. <br />
<br />
Tom wore a blue coat and an old tall hat with a long blue feather and yellow boots.<ref name="OldF"/> Earlier he wore a [[swans|swan]] feather, which he later replaced with a blue one from a [[kingfisher]].<ref>{{AB|2}}</ref><br />
<br />
He lived in a [[Underhill (house)|house]] on the eastern edge of the [[Old Forest]] by the river [[Withywindle]],<ref name="OldF"/> together with his lovely wife [[Goldberry]]<ref name="house"/>.<br />
<br />
The [[Bucklanders]] had little understanding of his powers and nature. They saw him as mysterious and unpredictable, but benevolent and comic, more or less as the [[Shire-folk]] thought of [[Gandalf]].<ref name="Adv"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
[[Image:Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Tom Bombadil.jpg|thumb|left|''Tom Bombadil'' by [[Olanda Fong-Surdenas]]]]<br />
{{quote|He is a strange creature.|[[Elrond]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
The origins and [[Tom Bombadil/Nature|nature of Tom Bombadil]] are unknown. He claims to have existed when the [[Morgoth|Dark Lord]] came "from the Outside",<ref name="house">{{FR|Bombadil}}</ref>{{rp|131}} perhaps meaning he was alive at least as far back as the [[Spring of Arda]].<ref>{{RS|Tom}}, p. 122</ref> Bombadil calls himself the "Eldest", [[Glorfindel]] calls him the "First", and his Sindarin name ''Iarwain Ben-adar'' means "Oldest and fatherless."<br />
<br />
He was in Arda "before the river and the trees" and before the first rain. He "made paths" before the [[Great March]] of the [[Eldar]], and saw the [[Middle Men]] and their [[Barrow Downs|tombs]]. He witnessed the [[Changing of the World]], the arrival of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] and of the [[Barrow-wights]].<ref name="house"/> His role and nature in the [[Elder Days]] and later is unknown. He also witnessed the reducing of the great forests that covered all [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="CoE"/> <br />
<br />
The nature of his interactions with the outside world is unclear. He was familiar with Frodo, his companions and their families when they visit him. He attributed most of this knowledge to [[Farmer Maggot]]. He also had contact with other [[Bucklanders]] throughout the [[Third Age]],<ref name="Adv" /> and he had names among the Elves, Dwarves and Northern Men. However, most of the [[Council of Elrond]] were unfamiliar with him, and [[Elrond]] admitted to having forgotten about him from long ago.<br />
<br />
He had many names among the Elves, Dwarves and Men. [[Elrond]] knew of him when he ventured in his lands.<ref name="CoE" /><ref name="Adv">{{AB|Preface}}</ref><br />
<br />
===War of the Ring===<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Willow Man is Tamed.jpg|thumb|''The Willow Man is Tamed'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]<br />
On [[26 September]], {{TA|3018}}, he encountered [[travellers|four hobbits]] while he was searching for water-lilies for his wife. Two of those Hobbits, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], had been captured by [[Old Man Willow]]. Tom, who was the master of the Old Forest, rescued them, and took all four of them to his house.<ref name="OldF">{{FR|Forest}}</ref><br />
<br />
The four hobbits stayed two nights, and he told them many tales and songs. With cunning questions, he made [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] tell him of the [[The One Ring|Ring]]. When Tom tried it on, nothing happened, but he then took it off and flipped it in the air and made the ring itself disappear, showing that indeed within his realm Tom was master. However, when Frodo put the ring on, Tom could still see him. He bade the Hobbit to come back and sit down; his hand was fairer without the ring.<br />
<br />
Before his guests went to sleep, Tom warned them of the [[Barrow-downs]], and advised them to pass any barrow on the western side. He also taught them a song, should they come to peril.<ref name="house"/>{{rp|134}}<br />
<br />
And they did come to peril. Tom chased off a [[Barrow-wights|wight]] with song, and broke the spells on the barrow in which the four hobbits were captured. While he sent the Hobbits to calm down, he went for provisions. He also brought the ponies that had belonged to Merry. After that, he broke the spells of the barrow. From the barrow's mighty hoard, he took a blue-jewelled brooch for Goldberry (probably belonging to the spouse of the [[last prince of Cardolan]] he seemingly met long ago),<ref>{{HM|RC}}, "Fog on the Barrow-downs", pp. 146-7</ref><ref>{{RS|Wight}}, p. 127-8</ref> and gave a [[Daggers of Westernesse|dagger]] to each of the hobbits. He then advised them to make for ''[[The Prancing Pony]]'' in [[Bree]].<ref>{{FR|Barrow}}</ref><br />
<br />
The peril of the hobbits was not over; an attack on their lives was carried out, and their ponies were set loose. The ponies apparently remembered the care they were given in the house of Tom Bombadil, and returned to stay beside Tom's own pony, [[Fatty Lumpkin]]. He returned them to [[Barliman Butterbur]], the proprietor of ''The Prancing Pony''. Since he had paid eighteen pence as compensation for the loss, he was now the owner of five fine ponies.<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref><br />
<br />
As he was merry and benevolent, some of the [[Free Peoples]] considered him a potential ally against [[Sauron]] during the [[War of the Ring]]. [[Elrond]] and [[Erestor]] considered that he should be present at the [[Council of Elrond]]. However, according to [[Gandalf]], Tom Bombadil was perhaps not fully aware of the struggle of Light and Darkness and could not prove useful to their causes.<ref name="CoE"/><br />
<br />
Eventually the defeat of Sauron in the end of the War, and the victory of the [[West]] allowed Tom to continue and "survive" in the following Ages.<ref>{{L|144}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
Tom Bombadil’s existence passed into Hobbit lore and was referenced in poems such as ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'' and ''[[Bombadil Goes Boating]]''. The Hobbit, [[Samwise Gamgee]], based and modeled his protagonist in ''[[The Stone Troll]]'', [[Tom (The Stone Troll)|Tom]], after Bombadil, considering that Sam composed the poem soon after their meeting.<ref name=RF>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 385</ref> In the poem, Tom encounters an old [[Stone-trolls|troll]], gnawing for years on the shinbone of Tim, his [[Unusual words|nuncle]], and Tom demands for the troll to let it down.<ref>{{FR|I12}}</ref><ref>{{AB|7}}</ref> It is likely that Tim was only an invention by Sam rather than actually being Tom Bombadil's nuncle.<ref name=RF/><br />
<br />
==Other names==<br />
He also went by other names: <br />
* To the [[Elves]] and [[Dúnedain]], he was known with the [[Sindarin]] name '''''[[iaur|Iar]][[gwain|wain]] [[penadar|Ben-adar]]''''', which translates to "Oldest and Fatherless".<ref name="CoE">{{FR|Council}}</ref> ''Iarwain'' literally means "Old-young"<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' p. 128; quoting an unpublished letter by Tolkien</ref><br />
* To the [[Northmen]]<ref name="CoE"/> (perhaps specifically the [[Rohirrim]]) he was known with the [[Rohanese]] name '''''Orald'''''.<ref name="CoE"/> This is an [[Old English]] word meaning "very ancient.<ref name="nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 761</ref><br />
* The Dwarves knew him as '''''Forn'''''. This too is a reference to his age: it is [[North Germanic languages|Old Norse]] for "(belonging to) ancient (days)".<ref name="nomen"/><ref group=note>In some imprints of ''[[The History of Middle-earth Index]]'', this name was accidentally spelled with a "P" as the first letter: {{HM|IX}}, "Tom Bombadil (VII)", p. 435</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Tom Bombadil'' is said to be a [[Bucklandish]] name, added by Hobbit chroniclers to his many older ones. It is, like many names of the Bucklanders, untranslatable.<ref name="Adv"/><br />
<br />
[[Paula Marmor]] notes that ''bobadil'' is an archaic word meaning "braggart", as seen in the character "Captain Bobadill" in the English play ''[[Wikipedia:Every Man in His Humour|Every Man in His Humour]]''. Because of its Bucklandish form, ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'' lists the name Bombadil under the "[[Celtic]]-sounding names". However, it is said that the word derives from '''[[Wikipedia:Boabdil|Boabdil]]''', the Spaniard name of [[Wikipedia:Muhammad XII of Granada|'''Abu Abdillah''' Muhammad XII]], the last Moorish ruler of Granada.<ref>{{HM|IE}}, Giving of Names</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
Tom Bombadil was inspired primarily from a [[Wikipedia:Peg wooden doll|dutch doll]] Tolkien's child(ren) toyed with.<ref name=intro/> The doll had a feathered hat. One time they found it in the lavatory, being stuffed there by little [[John Tolkien]], who perhaps didn't like it much.<ref>{{HM|Bio}}, p. 165</ref><br />
<br />
Probably in the 1920s he began writing a story entitled ''Tom Bombadil'' set during the reign of "King Bonhedig" in the British prehistory, far before any recorded events or invasions. The protagonist Tombombadil is mentioned as one of the oldest inhabitants of Bonhedig's kingdom, that spanned many miles on either side of the Thames. Only the 3 opening paragraphs survive of the shortly-abandoned, story, and the fragment ends at the description of Tombombadil who "wore a tall hat with a blue feather; his jacket was blue, and his boots were yellow".<Ref>{{AB|Prose}}</ref><br />
<br />
Around the 1930s or earlier Tolkien wrote a poem about some Tom Bombadil rowing down a River, a poem which Tolkien later identified as his "germ of Tom Bombadil".<ref>{{RS|1VT}}</ref> Later in [[1934]] he put him into [[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (poem)|a poem]], again described according to the appearance of the aforementioned doll (something that he did with other toys of his children, like [[Rover]]).<ref name=intro>{{AB|Intro}}</ref> At one time he described him as a "spirit of the (vanishing) [[Oxford]] and Berkshire countryside"<ref name=L19>{{L|19}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When asked to make a sequel for ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Tolkien briefly considered if he would base it around that figure of his poem.<ref name=L19/> Although it didn't happen, he eventually [[The Old Forest|appeared]] in the narrative as a supporting character. Tolkien wrote Bombadil as a direct contrast to the artistry and (sub)creative force of the [[Elves]]; whereas they seek to create, devise, alter and control, Bombadil only observes and contemplates the world outside him and takes joy in it. He is the fearless theoretical study of the world, and history.<ref name=coghill>[[Letter to Nevill Coghill]] (Excerpt reproduced [http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2014/12/30/tom-bombadil-addenda-corrigenda/ here]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Justin Noetzel in his paper "Beorn and Tom Bombadil: Mythology, Narrative, and The Most (Non) Essential Characters in Middle-earth", suggests an association of Tom Bombadil with the [[Wikipedia:Celtic Otherworld|Celtic Otherworld]] and tales of the [[Wikipedia:Tuatha Dé Danann|Tuatha Dé Danann]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John D. Rateliff]]|articleurl=http://sacnoths.blogspot.se/2013/03/valparaiso-day-three.html|articlename=Valparaiso, Day Three|dated=12 March 2013|website=Sac|accessed=14 March 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
David Elton Gay compares Tom to the demigod [[Wikipedia:Väinämöinen|Väinämöinen]] from the ''[[Kalevala]]'': both are extremely old and powerful immortal figures who express their power in rhymes, and both have control over their small forested country.<ref>Gay, David Elton (2004). Chance, Jane (ed.). ''J.R.R. Tolkien and the Kalevala. Tolkien and the invention of myth : a reader''. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 295–304.</ref><br />
<br />
==Outside the legendarium==<br />
Except the aforementioned earlier works written independently to the Legendarium, a figure that hints to Bombadil appears in the much later poem ''[[Once upon a Time]]''. Tolkien wrote it around [[1964]] and reused the names of "Tom" and "Goldberry" (although the epithet "Bombadil" is not mentioned, the association can be made as he appears with Goldberry). Hammond & Scull note that in this poem Tom appears less omnipotent; while he is known to talk to all creatures, who always obey him, the mysterious ''[[lintips]]'' are the only ones who refuse to talk to him and hide away.<ref>{{AB|Once}}, p. 283</ref> No specific events are mentioned that can connect it to Tom Bombadil or the legendarium of Arda.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
Because he is left out of the three major adaptations ([[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|Ralph Bakshi]], [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC's 1981 series]] and [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|Peter Jackson's]]), Tom Bombadil's main role (providing the [[Daggers of Westernesse|Barrow-blades]]) is omitted. He does have several appearances in other adaptations, though.<br />
<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Tom Bombadil in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=200<br />
|lines=3<br />
|File:War in Middle Earth - Tom Bombadil.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
|File:Hobitit - Tom Bombadillo.png|Esko Hukkanen in ''[[Hobitit]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Tom Bombadil, The Master.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Tom Bombadil.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]<br />
|File:BFME2 - Tom Bombadil 03.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Tom Bombadil.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''<br />
:[[Norman Shelley]] voiced Bombadil, and Tolkien thought his portrayal "dreadful". [[Goldberry]] was portrayed as his daughter, rather than his wife<ref>{{L|175}}</ref>. <br />
<br />
'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''<br />
:In this series, Tom was voiced by [[Bernard Mayes]]. Like Norman Shelley before him, he also voiced [[Gandalf]].<br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Tom Bombadil can be found outside his house in the Old Forest.<br />
<br />
'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I]]'':'''<br />
:Tom Bombadil rescues the party from the Willow Man, and provides information, supplies, shelter, and side-quests for the party. He later rescues the party from the Barrow Wights, and very briefly joins as a temporary playable character while inside the barrow. His role runs almost directly parallel to the original, with some related passages of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' quoted directly. However, [[Goldberry]]'s role is significantly changed to provide a quest for the party.<br />
<br />
'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''<br />
:Tom Bombadil is played by Peter Ehrlich.<br />
<br />
'''1992: [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|''Tales from the Perilous Realm'' (1992 radio series)]]:'''<br />
:When he adapted the 1981 [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|radio series]], [[Brian Sibley]] deeply regretted cutting Bombadil from the radio series.<ref>[[Brian Sibley]], ''[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/2008/01/this-page-is-still-under-construction_23.html The Ring Goes Ever On]''</ref> When he made ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' into a radio series, he decided to change the section "[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]". Rather than several (unadaptable) Hobbitish poems, Sibley adapted the chapters from ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. Bombadil is voiced by [[Ian Hogg]].<br />
<br />
'''1993: ''[[Hobitit]]'':'''<br />
:Tom Bombadil is portrayed by Esko Hukkanen. It is the only screen adaptation that features him so far.<br />
<br />
'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''<br />
:Although Tom Bombadil does not appear in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card for the character. He was portrayed by Harry Weller-Chew.<br />
<br />
'''2001-present: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:Despite not appearing in the films the game is based on, Tom Bombadil and Goldberry were given several models by [[Games Workshop]], which has held rights for tabletop games since 1980.<br />
<br />
'''2001: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''<br />
:The voice of Tom Bombadil is provided by Milan Lasica. He appears in the final third of the first episode, helping the four hobbits with Old Man Willow, guiding them to his house and taking them in as his guests for the night, along with his wife Goldberry. After they depart and get lost on the Barrow Downs, he once again aids in their rescue, and provides them with barrow-blades from the barrow of the defeated barrow-wight.<br />
<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:[[Daran Norris]] portrayed Bombadil with a Scottish accent. His role is much like that in the book, and as one of the few characters in this video game, he keeps most of his songs. <br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''<br />
:In the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition)|extended edition]], some of Bombadil's poems are transferred to [[Treebeard]], and so is his encounter with [[Old Man Willow]].<br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:Bombadil is a summonable power. Once summoned, he can plow through enemy lines. His most powerful weapon is a "Sonic Song". As soon as [[Electronic Arts|EA]] secured the rights to the books, it was decided that Tom Bombadil should be in it; his appearance is kept close to his description in the book.<ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/battleformiddleearth2/news.html?sid=6139678 The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-earth II Q&A - Enter Tom Bombadil], [http://www.gamespot.com/ GameSpot.com]</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Tom can be found either inside or outside his house in the Old Forest. He helps the player track down crebain scouts possessing important information, and later arrives to rescue the player from the Barrow-Downs when (s)he gets himself in more than (s)he is prepared for, much like the Hobbits in the Book. He later aids the player against agents of the Barrow-downs when the latter attempts to corrupt Old Man Willow with a [[Morgul-blade]].<br />
<br />
'''2012: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''<br />
:Bombadil is a playable character. He uses a trowel as a weapon and for digging in certain spots. Tom can be found in his house on the road to the north of [[Bucklebury Ferry]] in the forested area between [[Bree]] and the Shire. It is unclear if this forest is meant to be the Old Forest or not; it is in the right location, but the game never specifically names it and its physical appearance does not fit the book's description.<br />
<br />
'''2014: ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game]]'':'''<br />
:Bombadil also appears as a playable character, and again wields a trowel. This time, Tom is found in a forest southwest of Bree, near a house atop a hill (likely his house in the Old Forest).<br />
<br />
===Collectibles===<br />
In [[April]] [[2008]], [[Gentle Giant]] released the Tom Bombadil Mini Bust.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*'''[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|The Nature of Tom Bombadil]]'''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tombombadil.html Entry in the Encyclopedia of Arda] (a concise overview of the discussion) <br />
* [http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/08/27/count-count-weigh-divide/ Count, Count, Weigh, Divide] by [[Michael Martinez]] (discusses Tom Bombadil's moral aspects at length)<br />
* [http://www.whoistombombadil.blogspot.com/2013/01/tom-bombadil-as-music-of-ainur_9.html Tom as the Music of the Ainur] discusses the major theories of Tom's origins and proposes a new theory. <br />
* [http://www.cas.unt.edu/~hargrove/tombomb.html Who Is Tom Bombadil?] (an essay by Gene Hargrove)<br />
<br />
{{references|notes}}<br />
{{ringbearers}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Enigmas]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Spirits]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Tom Bombadil]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/tom_bombadil]]<br />
[[fi:Tom Bombadil]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:NotJesper&diff=387039User talk:NotJesper2024-03-08T11:52:45Z<p>Akhorahil: /* Edits on pages with rewrites */ new section</p>
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I hope you enjoy editing here and we look forward to your future edits. By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~<nowiki>~~</nowiki>. Four tildes (~~<nowiki>~~</nowiki>) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the [[Help:Contents|help pages]], add a question to the [[Forums:Council|Council forums]] or ask me on [[User talk:Hyarion|my talk page]]. Keep up the great work! &mdash; [[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]]<!-- Template:W --><br />
<br />
== Edits on pages with rewrites ==<br />
<br />
Thank you for your interest in improving the content of Tolkien Gateway. I noticed that your rewrote content on several page recently. Edits should not primarily done to rewrite content to suit one's personal preference. In addittion, even rephrasing should not changed content so that the statements in the sources by J.R.R. Tolkien are not longer as they were. For example you changed that he was of a family that claimed descent from a captain of the Northmen to "he claimed descent from the Northmen". There is a difference between making or repeating a claim oneself and one's family making that claim. Furthermore you changed "After 15 days he came at last to the Éothéod" to "He was pursued for fifteen days, as far north as the Gladden Fields". This is incorrect. Borondir was sent out by Cirion on the 10th of March and he arrived at the Éothéod who lived in the upper vales of Anduin (i.e. far above the Gladden Fields) fifteen days later on the 25th of March. We do not know from where Borondir was sent (but probably from Minas Tirith and not from near Dol Guldur) and he was only pursued as far north as the Gladden Fields and not further north all the way to the Éothéod. In addition, you did not correct the existing problem that the existing statements were not supported by a precise reference. The only reference was to an entire chapter of the book Unfinished Tales, although the information either comes from a subsection of that chapter or from a footnote of that chapter or is even cited in that subsection from parts of the appendices of The Lord of the Rings. Please always have the sources in the books open next to you when you edit and consider if an edit is really necessary and will do more good than harm for the quality of the content on Tolkien Gateway. [[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 11:52, 8 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Borondir&diff=387038Borondir2024-03-08T11:37:20Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections, added references to all paragraphs and used a more precise reference that makes it easier to find the source for the statements about Borondir</p>
<hr />
<div>{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Borondir<br />
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Borondir.jpg|200px]]<br />
| caption=Borondir in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Udalraph'' ([[Sindarin|S.]] "Stirrupless")<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=Soldier of Gondor<br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=[[15 April]], {{TA|2510}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]]<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=descendant of a Northern Captain<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Borondir Udalraph''' (died [[15 April]], {{TA|2510}}) was a [[Gondor|Gondorian]] soldier during their war against the [[Balchoth]]. He was one of six riders sent to seek the aid of the [[Northmen]], and was the only one to reach them alive. He brought the Northmen to the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]], but died protecting his lord [[Cirion]].<ref name=Ride>{{UT|Ride}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Borondir was a great rider who possessed great courage and great endurance, whose family claimed to be descended from a captain of the Northmen who served under the old [[King of Gondor|kings of Gondor]].<ref name=Ride/><br />
<br />
At the end of the winter of {{TA|2509}}, a large force of [[Balchoth]] was mustering along the southern edge of [[Mirkwood]]. When Cirion, the [[Ruling Stewards|Steward]] of Gondor, learned of this danger and called for volunteers to ride to the [[Éothéod]], a group of Northmen who lived near the upper [[Vales of Anduin]], to ask them for help. Borondir came forward and was chosen by Cirion as one of six riders. On [[10 March]] of {{TA|2510}}, Borondir was senty by Cirion in the first of three pairs of riders to ride to the Éothéod. Each pair was sent out with a day's interval between them, and each rider was given a message learned by heart and a small stone incised with the seal of the Stewards.<ref name=Ride/><br />
<br />
Borondir's companion was killed in an ambush near [[Dol Guldur]], but Borondir escaped with luck and the speed of his horse. He was pursued as far north as the [[Gladden Fields]]. When he reached the Éothéod on [[25 March]], he had gone two days without food, and was so spent that he could barely speak Cirion's message to their leader [[Eorl]]. He was the only messenger that arrived at Éothéod. Nothing was ever heard again of the other four riders.<ref name=Ride/><br />
<br />
Eorl gathered an army of approximately seven thousand fully-armed riders and some hundreds of horsed archers, and set forth on [[6 April]]. Borondir rode by Eorl's right hand to serve as guide. When a gleaming white mist flowed from the [[Elves|elven]] realm of [[Lothlórien]] over the river Anduin drove back the glooms of [[Dol Guldur]] and hid their approach, it seemed to Borondir that [[Galadriel]], the lady of Lothlórien was assisting them on their way past Dol Guldur.<ref name=Ride/> <br />
<br />
The Éothéod arrived at the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]] in time to rescue the Gondorian army, which was backed against the [[Limlight]] river in a hopeless situation. Borondir was the first to cross the river, and cleft a path to aid Cirion.<ref name=UTNote>{{UT|8e}}, note 27</ref> The arrival of the Éothéod swung the battle, and the Balchoth were crushed,<ref name=Ride/><ref>{{App|Eorl}}, entry for Eorl the Young, p. 1064</ref><ref>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Cirion, p. 1053</ref> but Borondir died defending Cirion<ref name=UTNote/>.<br />
<br />
After the battle, Borondir was laid in a tomb in the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]]. He was long remembered in the song of ''[[Rochon Methestel]]'', the "Rider of Last Hope".<ref name=UTNote/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Borondir'' is probably a [[Sindarin]] name. Its meaning and components are not glossed, but it possibly means "Steadfast-man" and is a compound of ''boron'' ("steadfast", "trusty man", "faithful vassal") and ''dîr'' ("man").<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-2898073391.html|articlename=S. ''Borondir'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=08 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{HM|GS}}, p. 344</ref><br />
<br />
==Other names==<br />
Borondir's ''Sindarin''<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-2305010313.html|articlename=S. ''Udalraph'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=08 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{HM|GS}}, p. 358</ref> epithet '''Udalraph''' means "the Stirrupless".<ref name=UTNote/><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2020: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Borondir briefly appears in a flashback narrating the history of the [[Éothéod]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Borondir]]<br />
[[fi:Borondir]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:dunedain:gondoriens:borondir]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Tar-M%C3%ADriel&diff=387037Talk:Tar-Míriel2024-03-08T10:15:27Z<p>Akhorahil: My answer</p>
<hr />
<div>== Rule ==<br />
<br />
Her rule is currently listed as "None: Queenship usurped", while it is true that she was never a [[Ruling Queen of Númenor]] she was still a [[Queen of Númenor]], being the wife of [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. For other queens we still list their rule (see for example: [[Tar-Vanimeldë]]). <span style= color:#467a55>~</span> [[User:Éowyn|<span style= color:#9CD5AD>Éowyn</span>]] [[Éowyn|<span style= color:#467a55>☆</span>]] [[User talk:Éowyn|<span style= color:#9CD5AD>talk</span/>]] <span style= color:#467a55>~</span> 22:50, 7 March 2024 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: It was correct to list the years of the rule of Tar-Vanimeldë, because she was not just a queen, but a Ruling Queen and so was listed with a roman number in the list of Kings and Ruling Queens of Númenor in the chapter The Line of Elros:Kings of Númenor in UT. In note 15 of that chapter it is said that Míriel should have been the fourth Ruling Queen, but she never officially ruled like Tar-Vanimeldë with her husband doing the day to day work, but Míriel's husband Pharazôn seized the sceptre into his own hand. Note that Pharazôn is listed in this list as Ar-Pharazôn (i.e. "King"-Pharazôn) with the roman number XXV (i.e. the twenty-fifth ruler) and that Tar-Míriel does not have a roman number in this list and is not mentioned there as a "Ruling Queen" although the other Ruling Queens are explicitly called "Ruling Queen" in this list. In short due to her power hungry husband who was known as the usurper, more speaks against listing the years of her rule (because she did not seem to rule on paper in the list of Kings) than listing them. --[[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 10:15, 8 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Galador&diff=387036Galador2024-03-08T09:59:03Z<p>Akhorahil: Added content and references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Galador<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|Prince of Dol Amroth]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Dol Amroth]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=<br />
| birth={{TA|2004}}<ref name=PM>{{PM|Elendil}}, ''The Line of Dol Amroth'', pp. 220-2</ref><br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule={{TA|2076}} - {{TA|2129|}}<ref name=PM/><br />
| death={{TA|2129}}<ref name=PM/><br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=125<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=founded the [[House of Dol Amroth]]<br />
| heritage=[[Men|Mannish]] father, [[Elves|Elven]] mother<br />
| parentage=[[Imrazôr]] and [[Mithrellas]]<br />
| siblings=[[Gilmith]]<ref name=Amroth>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref><br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Galador''' was the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
According to legend, ''Galador'' was the son of [[Imrazôr]] [[the Númenórean]] and the Elf-maid [[Mithrellas]].<ref name=Amroth/><ref name="PM"/> The ancestors of the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]] were a family of the [[Faithful]] group of the [[Númenóreans]] who had left [[Númenor]] before its [[Downfall of Númenor|downfall]] and settled in the land of Belfalas with a stronghold upon a high promontory and had received the title "[[Prince]]" from [[Elendil]] with whom they were related. It is possible that this high promontory was named [[Dol Amroth]] after the drowning of [[Amroth]], the last [[King of Lórien]] who was lost in the sea trying to swim back to the shore of [[Belfalas]],<ref name=Amroth/> to remember Amroth.<ref name=UTNote>{{UT|8e}}, note 39</ref> ''Galador'' became known as the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref name=Amroth/><ref name=PM/><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
''Galador'' is probably a [[Sindarin]] name. Its meaning and components are not glossed, but it is perhaps a compound of ''[[galadh]]'' ("tree") and ''[[-dor]]'' ("lord", "king").<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-1232214213.html|articlename=S. ''Galador'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=08 March 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | IMR |y| MIT |IMR=[[Imrazôr]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1950|n}} - {{TA|2076|n}}''</small>|MIT=[[Mithrellas]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | GAL | | GIL |GAL='''GALADOR'''<br/><small>''{{TA|2004|n}} - {{TA|2129|n}}''</small>|GIL=[[Gilmith]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | DOL | | | | |DOL=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|''Princes of<br/>Dol Amroth'']]}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | AGL | | | | |AGL=[[Aglahad]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2827|n}} - {{TA|2932|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=gondorian<br />
| house=[[House of Dol Amroth]]<br />
| born={{TA|2004}}<br />
| died={{TA|2129}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=None<br />
| prev=New title<br />
| list=1st [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]<br />
| dates=Unknown &ndash; {{TA|2129}}<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=eventually [[Aglahad]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Princes of Dol Amroth]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Galador]]<br />
[[fi:Galador]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:QuickbeamTheGreen&diff=387035User talk:QuickbeamTheGreen2024-03-08T08:15:33Z<p>Akhorahil: /* Edit on the Gilmith page */ new section</p>
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== Edit on the Gilmith page ==<br />
<br />
Thank you for your interest in Tolkien Gateway and for trying to help to improve the content on Tolkien Gateway. I checked your edit on the Gilmith page and noticed that you made some errors in your edit and that you did not include a reference that supports the statements that you made. I already corrected those problems on the Gilmith page and also changed the existing references to be more precise to make it easier for readers to find the information in the sources in the references. To speak at bit like Treebeard, I advise you not to be so "hasty" in the future and to use the preview function to check whether there are any errors and whether all the statements that you added are supported by a reference. You misspelled Gilmith as Gimlith (probably a typo) at the beginning of the etymology section. In addition you used capitalized versions of pages for the Sindarin words gil and mith, which have uncapitalized page names (but the links to those pages worked anyhow). Furthermore you only used the code for italics for the alternative text in the links instead of using italics outside the links (which is usually done, but your method creates the same result). The most important problem is that you did not include a reference that supports your statement that Gilmith is probably a Sindarin name and that it probably consists of the compounds gil ("star") and mith ("grey"). We ususually first check publications, which were written by J.R.R. Tolkien or his son Christopher Tolkien if they ever wrote anything about which language a name is in, if they ever provided the meaning of the name in english and if they ever provided the components of the name. Many entries in etymology sections on Tolkien Gateway use an entry in eldamo.org as a reference, which is a high quality dictionary for names/words in Sindarin (or Quenya, etc.) and which in turn discloses which publications written by J.R.R. Tolkien or others it uses as a reference for its translations. Furthermore you did not provide a translation for the name, although eldamo.org does provide a probably translation "Grey Star". I hope that this feedback helps you with future edits. [[User:Akhorahil|Akhôrahil]] ([[User talk:Akhorahil|talk]]) 08:15, 8 March 2024 (UTC)</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gilmith&diff=387034Gilmith2024-03-08T07:58:11Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Gilmith<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Dol Amroth]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=<br />
| birth=c. {{TA|2000}} (exact date unknown)<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Dol Amroth]]<br />
| heritage=[[Men|Mannish]] father, [[Elves|Elven]] mother<br />
| parentage=[[Imrazôr]] and [[Mithrellas]]<br />
| siblings=[[Galador]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Female<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Gilmith''' was the daughter of [[Imrazôr]], a man of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent, and [[Mithrellas]], a [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] [[Elves|Elf]]-maiden who accompanied [[Nimrodel]] before getting lost. Imrazôr took Mithrellas in. They married and had two children, Gilmith and [[Galador]]. Mithrellas later ran away and was never seen again. Galador would later become the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, p. 248</ref><ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, The Line of Dol Amroth, pp. 220-2</ref><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
''Gilmith'' is probably a [[Sindarin]] name. Its meaning and components are not glossed, but it perhaps means "Grey Star" and is a compound of ''[[gil|gil]]'' ("star") and ''[[mith|mith]]'' ("grey").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-1790422249.html|articlename=S. ''Gilmith'' f.|website=Eldamo|accessed=08 March 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | IMR |y| MIT |IMR=[[Imrazôr]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1950}} - {{TA|2076|n}}''</small>|MIT=[[Mithrellas]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | GAL | | GIL |GAL=[[Galador]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2004|n}} - {{TA|2129|n}}''</small>|GIL='''GILMITH'''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | DOL | | | | |DOL=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|''Princes of<br/>Dol Amroth'']]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Gilmith]]<br />
[[fi:Gilmith]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elemm%C3%ADr%C3%AB_(Elf)&diff=386866Elemmírë (Elf)2024-03-05T06:46:29Z<p>Akhorahil: Undo revision 386862 by VectorGraphics (talk) According to official grammar rules a nonbinary person is singular and not plural, "the Elf" does not indicate a specific gender according to official grammar rules</p>
<hr />
<div>{{vanyar infobox<br />
| name=Elemmírë<br />
| image=[[File:Anonymous - Elemm.gif|250px]]<br />
| caption="Elemmírë" by an anonymous artist<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Valmar]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Vanyarin]]<br />
| birth=<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=composition of [[Aldudénië]]<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Unknown<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}} <br />
'''Elemmírë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˌelemˈmiːre]}}) was a [[Vanyar|Vanyarin]] Elf, famed for the creation of a lament for the [[Darkening of Valinor]], the [[Aldudénië]]. When [[Morgoth|Melkor]] assaulted the [[Two Trees of Valinor|Two Trees]], the Vanyar and other Elves of [[Valinor]] were celebrating a festival on [[Taniquetil]], and so Elemmírë most likely personally witnessed the destruction of the Trees. The song the elf made to lament the death of the Two Trees was said to be known by all of the [[Eldar]].<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Elemmírë is obviously named after the [[star]] [[Elemmírë]].<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref><br />
<br />
Note that the form of the word does not allow us to know whether Elemmírë was a male or a female Elf. <br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elemmire}}<br />
{{title}}<br />
[[Category:Calaquendi]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Vanyar]]<br />
[[de:Elemmíre (Elb)]]<br />
[[fi:Elemmírë (haltia)]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Crossings_of_Poros&diff=386802Crossings of Poros2024-03-04T13:21:53Z<p>Akhorahil: Added content and references</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Folcred and Fastred perish at the Crossings of Poros.jpg|thumb|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' tapestry: Folcred and Fastred perish while fighting Haradrim and Oliphaunts at the Crossings of Poros]]<br />
<br />
The '''Crossings of Poros'''<ref name=Map>{{FR|Map}}</ref>, also known as the '''Crossing of Poros'''<ref name=TurinII>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Túrin II, p. 1054</ref> or '''Fords of Poros'''<ref name=Northmen>{{UT|Northmen}}</ref>, marked the point where the [[Harad Road]] passed over the river [[Poros]] from [[Ithilien]] to [[South Gondor]].<ref name=Map/><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The Fords first entered history in the year {{TA|1944}}, when the enemies of [[Gondor]] made an alliance. [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Ondoher]] of Gondor knew that the [[Wainriders]] in the north and his enemies in the south were preparing to attack Gondor. As a consequence, he divided his forces into a northern army and a southern army and left the southern army under the command of [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], a member of the royal house and a descendant of King [[Telumehtar]] to deal with the enemies approaching from [[Near Harad]]<ref>{{UT|8e}}, note 14</ref> in the south. Eärnil intentionally left the Fords undefended and positioned his troops in a camp about forty miles north of the Fords in [[South Ithilien]]<ref name=Northmen/> and achieved a great victory in South Ithilien and destroyed the army of the Harad, which had crossed the river Poros<ref>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Ondoher, p. 1049</ref>.<br />
<br />
In the days of [[Ruling Stewards|Steward]] [[Túrin II]] of [[Gondor]] the [[Haradrim]] had occupied [[South Gondor]] and there were many armed conflicts along the river Poros.<ref name=TurinII/> In {{TA|2885}} emissaries of [[Sauron]] stirred up the Haradrim who crossed the Poros invaded Ithilien<ref name=TA2885>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2885, p. 1088</ref> with a large army<ref name=TurinII/>. When King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] heard of the invasion he fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]]<ref name=TurinII/> and sent many men led by his twin sons [[Folcred]] and [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] to help Túrin II.<ref name=Folcwine>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Folcwine, p. 1069</ref><br />
<br />
Túrin II defeated the Haradrim invaders with the help of the troops from Rohan in a [[Battle of the Crossings of Poros|battle]] at the Crossings of Poros,<ref name=TurinII/> but Folcred and Fastred fell side by side in battle in Ithilien<ref name=Folcwine/>. They were buried together high upon the shore of the river Poros according to the customs of their [[Rohirrim|people]] in a burial mound, which was called ''[[Haudh in Gwanûr]]''. The mound stood there for a long time and the enemies of Gondor were afraid to pass the mound.<ref name=TurinII/><br />
<br />
== Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
'''[[2012]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':''':<br />
:A tapestry depicting Folcred and Fastred's last stand is found in [[Meduseld]] and can be acquired for use in player's houses.<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Fords]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[de:Übergang des Poros]]<br />
[[fi:Porosin Kahlaamo]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Haudh_in_Gwan%C3%BBr&diff=386791Haudh in Gwanûr2024-03-04T12:33:25Z<p>Akhorahil: Added a detail concerning the burial mound</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Haudh in Gwanûr<br />
| image=[[File:Douglas Chaffee - Haudh in Gwanur.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Haudh in Gwanur" by Douglas Chaffee<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=On the banks of the [[Poros]] in [[Gondor]]<br />
| type=Burial mound<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=<br />
| created={{TA|2885}}<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
'''Haudh in Gwanûr''' was the burial mound of [[Folcred]] and [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]], erected at their death in {{TA|2885}}<ref name=TA2885>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2885, p. 1088</ref> high upon the shore of the river [[Poros]].<ref name=TurinII>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Túrin II, p. 1054</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In the days of [[Ruling Stewards|Steward]] [[Túrin II]] of [[Gondor]] the [[Haradrim]] had occupied [[South Gondor]] and there were many armed conflicts along the river Poros.<ref name=TurinII>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Túrin II, p. 1054</ref> In {{TA|2885}} emissaries of [[Sauron]] stirred up the Haradrim who crossed the Poros invaded Ithilien<ref name=TA2885/> with a large army<ref name=TurinII/>. When King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] heard of the invasion he fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]]<ref name=TurinII/> and sent many men led by his twin sons Folcred and Fastred to help Túrin II.<ref name=Folcwine>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Folcwine, p. 1069</ref><br />
<br />
Túrin II defeated the Haradrim invaders with the help of the troops from Rohan in a [[Battle of the Crossings of Poros|battle]] at the [[Crossings of Poros]],<ref name=TurinII/> but Folcred and Fastred fell side by side in battle in Ithilien<ref name=Folcwine/>. <br />
<br />
They were buried together high upon the shore of the river Poros according to the customs of their [[Rohirrim|people]] in a burial mound, which was called ''Haudh in Gwanûr''. The mound stood there for a long time and the enemies of Gondor were afraid to pass the mound.<ref name=TurinII/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Haudh in Gwanûr'' is a [[Sindarin]] name.<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 116 entry S '''hauð''' and entry S '''gwanûr'''</ref> Its meaning is not glossed, but it probably means "Burial Mound of the Twins".<ref name=Eldamo>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3367359343.html|articlename=S. ''Haudh in Gwanûr'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=05 March 2022}}</ref> It is a compound of ''[[haudh]]'' ("mound in sward"),<ref name=PE17/> the plural ''in'' of the definite article ''i''<ref name=Eldamo/> and ''[[gwanûr]]'' ("pair of twins")<ref name=PE17/>. In editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' prior to the [[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|2004 edition]], the circumflex (^) was omitted.<ref>Cf. [[Talk:Haudh in Gwanûr]]</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''<br />
:''Haudh-in-Gwanûr'' is a card, where players face an attack by the undead. Harondor is written on the right hand side below the bottom of the drawing of Haudh-in-Gwanûr.<br />
<br />
'''[[1987]]-[[1996|96]]: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
:The ''[[Sea-Lords of Gondor]] - Pelargir and Lebennin'' campaign module contains a detailed map that includes Ithilien. This map shows that Haudh-in-Gwanûr is on the north bank of the river Poros.<br />
<br />
:In ''[[Southern Gondor: The Land]]'' it is mentioned that Haudh-in-Gwanur is on the north bank of the river Poros at Athrad Poros and that the river Poros forms the border between Harondor and Ithilien. As a consequence, Haudh-in-Gwanur is probably in Ithilien rather than in Harondor. In addition, it is mentioned that orcs from [[Mordor]] cast down the tall stone that crowned the mound in {{TA|2954}} and that Princess [[Éowyn]] of Ithilien caused the standing stone of Haudh-in-Gwanur to be restored soon after the War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
:In ''[[Southern Gondor: The People]]'' it is mentioned that the men of the city of ''Amrûn'' cast down the standing stone of Haudh-in-Gwanur at Athrad Poros in the year {{TA|2954}}.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haudh in Gwanur}}<br />
[[Category:Graves and tombs]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
[[de:Haudh in Gwanûr]]<br />
[[fi:Haudh in Gwanûr]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/tombes/haudh_in_gwanur]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Folcred_and_Fastred&diff=386790Folcred and Fastred2024-03-04T12:31:51Z<p>Akhorahil: Added a detail concerning the burtial mound</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{rohirrim infobox<br />
| name=Folcred and Fastred<br />
| people=[[Rohirrim]]<br />
| image=[[File:Steamey - King Folcwine Says Goodbye to His Sons.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="King Folcwine Says Goodbye to His Sons" by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Rohan]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Rohanese]] and [[Westron]]<br />
| birth={{TA|2858}}<ref name=Folcwine>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Folcwine, p. 1069</ref><br />
| birthlocation=''Presumably'' [[Rohan]]<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{TA|2885}}<ref name=TA2885>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2885, p. 1088</ref><br />
| deathlocation=[[Crossings of Poros]]<br />
| age=27<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Eorl]]<br />
| parentage=[[Folcwine]]<br />
| siblings=Unnamed sister<ref name=Fengel>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Fengel, p. 1069</ref><ref group="note">Under the entry '''[[Fengel]]''' in the entry for King Fengel in ''[[Appendix A]]'' it states: "He [Fengel] was the third son and fourth child of Folcwine."</ref><br/>[[Fengel]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Folcred''' and '''Fastred''' were the eldest children,<ref name=Fengel/> and the [[twins|twin]] sons of King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]].<ref name=Folcwine/><br />
<br />
== History == <br />
In the days of [[Ruling Stewards|Steward]] [[Túrin II]] of [[Gondor]] the [[Haradrim]] had occupied [[South Gondor]] and there were many armed conflicts along the river [[Poros]].<ref name=TurinII>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Túrin II, p. 1054</ref> In {{TA|2885}} emissaries of [[Sauron]] stirred up the Haradrim who crossed the Poros invaded Ithilien<ref name=TA2885/> with a large army<ref name=TurinII/>. When King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] heard of the invasion he fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]]<ref name=TurinII/> and sent many men led by his sons Folcred and Fastred to help Túrin II.<ref name=Folcwine/><br />
<br />
Túrin II defeated the Haradrim invaders with the help of the troops from Rohan in a [[Battle of the Crossings of Poros|battle]] at the [[Crossings of Poros]],<ref name=TurinII/> but Folcred and Fastred fell side by side in battle in Ithilien<ref name=Folcwine/>. <br />
<br />
They were buried together high upon the shore of the river Poros according to the customs of their [[Rohirrim|people]] in a burial mound, which was called ''[[Haudh in Gwanûr]]''. The mound stood there for a long time and the enemies of Gondor were afraid to pass the mound.<ref name=TurinII/><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The name '''''Folcred''''' means "folk-rede, people-counsel" in [[Old English]], while the name '''''Fastred''''' is likewise in Old English, meaning "fast-rede, firm-counsel".{{fact}}<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | FOL | | | | | | | | | | |FOL=[[Folca]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2804|n}} - {{TA|2864|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | FOL | | | | | | | | | | |FOL=[[Folcwine]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2830|n}} - {{TA|2903|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | FOL | | FAS | | DAU | | FEN | | | | |FOL='''FOLCRED'''<br/><small>''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†</small>|FAS='''FASTRED'''<br/><small>''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†</small>|DAU=''daughter''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|FEN=[[Fengel]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2870|n}} - {{TA|2953|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | DAU | | THE |y| MOR |DAU=''two daughters''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|THE=[[Thengel]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''</small>|MOR=[[Morwen Steelsheen]]<br/><small>''b. {{TA|2922|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | THE | | DAU | | THW |THE=[[Théoden]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†</small>|DAU=''three daughters''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|THW=[[Théodwyn]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Folcred and Fastred perish at the Crossings of Poros.jpg|thumb|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' tapestry: Folcred and Fastred perish while fighting Haradrim and Oliphaunts at the Crossings of Poros]]<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':''': A tapestry depicting Folcred and Fastred's last stand is found in [[Meduseld]] and can be acquired for use in player's houses.<br />
<br />
{{references|notes}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Folcred and Fastred}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Old English names]]<br />
[[Category:Rohirrim]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Folcred]]<br />
[[fi:Fastred ja Folcred]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Crossings_of_Poros&diff=386789Battle of the Crossings of Poros2024-03-04T12:29:27Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{unnamed}}<br />
{{battle<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Battle of the Crossings of Poros<br />
| conflict=<br />
| date={{TA|2885}}<br />
| place=[[South Ithilien]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| result=Gondorian victory<br />
| side1=[[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]]<br />
| side2=[[Haradrim]]<br />
| commanders1=<br />
*[[Túrin II]]<br />
*[[Folcred]]†<br />
*[[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]]†<br />
| commanders2=<br />
Unknown<br />
| forces1=Army of Gondor and "many men" from Rohan<br />
| forces2=Invasion of "great strength"<br />
| casual1=<br />
| casual2=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''battle of the [[Crossings of Poros]]''' was a battle in {{TA|2882}} in which [[Ruling Steward|Steward]] [[Túrin II]] of [[Gondor]], aided by the [[Rohirrim]] of [[Rohan]] defeated the [[Haradrim]] who had invaded [[Ithilien]].<br />
<br />
==Prelude==<br />
In the days of [[Ruling Stewards|Steward]] [[Túrin II]] of [[Gondor]] [[Sauron]] had again regrown his power. All except the toughest of the people of Ithlien fled west over the river [[Anduin]], because Ithilien was plagued by invasions of [[Orcs]] from [[Mordor]]. Túrin II had secret refuges, such as [[Henneth Annûn]] built for his soldiers in Ithilien. The most important danger to Gondor was in its south, because the [[Haradrim]] had occupied [[South Gondor]] and there were many armed conflicts along the river [[Poros]].<ref name=TurinII>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Túrin II, p. 1054</ref><br />
<br />
==Battle==<br />
In {{TA|2885}} emissaries of [[Sauron]] stirred up the Haradrim who crossed the Poros invaded Ithilien<ref name=TA2885>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2885, p. 1088</ref> with a large army<ref name=TurinII/>. When King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] heard of the invasion he fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]]<ref name=TurinII/> and sent many men led by his sons Folcred and Fastred to help Túrin II.<ref name=Folcwine>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Folcwine, p. 1069</ref><br />
<br />
Túrin II defeated the Haradrim invaders with the help of the troops from Rohan in a battle at the [[Crossings of Poros]],<ref name=TurinII/> but Folcred and Fastred fell side by side in battle in Ithilien<ref name=Folcwine/>. <br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
While Túrin achieved victory at the crossing of Poros, the Rohirrim suffered the loss of their two oldest princes. Folcred and Fastred were buried together high upon the shore of the river Poros according to the customs of their [[Rohirrim|people]] in a burial mound, which was called ''[[Haudh in Gwanûr]]''. The mound stood there for a long time and the enemies of Gondor were afraid to pass the mound.<ref name=TurinII/> As a consequence of the death of his two older brothers Folcred and Fastred, [[Fengel]], the third and youngest son of King Folcwine became heir to the throne of Rohan.<ref name=Fengel>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Fengel, p. 1069</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''[[2012]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:A tapestry depicting Folcred and Fastred's last stand is found in Meduseld and can be acquired for use in player houses.<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Haudh_in_Gwan%C3%BBr&diff=386788Haudh in Gwanûr2024-03-04T11:57:15Z<p>Akhorahil: Made corrections and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Haudh in Gwanûr<br />
| image=[[File:Douglas Chaffee - Haudh in Gwanur.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Haudh in Gwanur" by Douglas Chaffee<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=On the banks of the [[Poros]] in [[Gondor]]<br />
| type=Burial mound<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=<br />
| created={{TA|2885}}<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
'''Haudh in Gwanûr''' was the burial mound of [[Folcred]] and [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]], erected at their death in {{TA|2885}}<ref name=TA2885>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2885, p. 1088</ref> high upon the shore of the river [[Poros]].<ref name=TurinII>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Túrin II, p. 1054</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In the days of [[Ruling Stewards|Steward]] [[Túrin II]] of [[Gondor]] the [[Haradrim]] had occupied [[South Gondor]] and there were many armed conflicts along the river Poros.<ref name=TurinII>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Túrin II, p. 1054</ref> In {{TA|2885}} emissaries of [[Sauron]] stirred up the Haradrim who crossed the Poros invaded Ithilien<ref name=TA2885/> with a large army<ref name=TurinII/>. When King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] heard of the invasion he fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]]<ref name=TurinII/> and sent many men led by his twin sons Folcred and Fastred to help Túrin II.<ref name=Folcwine>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Folcwine, p. 1069</ref><br />
<br />
Túrin II defeated the Haradrim invaders with the help of the troops from Rohan in a [[Battle of the Crossings of Poros|battle]] at the [[Crossings of Poros]],<ref name=TurinII/> but Folcred and Fastred fell side by side in battle in Ithilien<ref name=Folcwine/>. <br />
<br />
They were buried together high upon the shore of the river Poros according to the customs of their [[Rohirrim|people]] in a burial mound, which was called ''Haudh in Gwanûr''. Afterwards the enemies of Gondor were afraid to pass the mound.<ref name=TurinII/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Haudh in Gwanûr'' is a [[Sindarin]] name.<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 116 entry S '''hauð''' and entry S '''gwanûr'''</ref> Its meaning is not glossed, but it probably means "Burial Mound of the Twins".<ref name=Eldamo>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3367359343.html|articlename=S. ''Haudh in Gwanûr'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=05 March 2022}}</ref> It is a compound of ''[[haudh]]'' ("mound in sward"),<ref name=PE17/> the plural ''in'' of the definite article ''i''<ref name=Eldamo/> and ''[[gwanûr]]'' ("pair of twins")<ref name=PE17/>. In editions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' prior to the [[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|2004 edition]], the circumflex (^) was omitted.<ref>Cf. [[Talk:Haudh in Gwanûr]]</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''<br />
:''Haudh-in-Gwanûr'' is a card, where players face an attack by the undead. Harondor is written on the right hand side below the bottom of the drawing of Haudh-in-Gwanûr.<br />
<br />
'''[[1987]]-[[1996|96]]: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
:The ''[[Sea-Lords of Gondor]] - Pelargir and Lebennin'' campaign module contains a detailed map that includes Ithilien. This map shows that Haudh-in-Gwanûr is on the north bank of the river Poros.<br />
<br />
:In ''[[Southern Gondor: The Land]]'' it is mentioned that Haudh-in-Gwanur is on the north bank of the river Poros at Athrad Poros and that the river Poros forms the border between Harondor and Ithilien. As a consequence, Haudh-in-Gwanur is probably in Ithilien rather than in Harondor. In addition, it is mentioned that orcs from [[Mordor]] cast down the tall stone that crowned the mound in {{TA|2954}} and that Princess [[Éowyn]] of Ithilien caused the standing stone of Haudh-in-Gwanur to be restored soon after the War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
:In ''[[Southern Gondor: The People]]'' it is mentioned that the men of the city of ''Amrûn'' cast down the standing stone of Haudh-in-Gwanur at Athrad Poros in the year {{TA|2954}}.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haudh in Gwanur}}<br />
[[Category:Graves and tombs]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
[[de:Haudh in Gwanûr]]<br />
[[fi:Haudh in Gwanûr]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/tombes/haudh_in_gwanur]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Folcred_and_Fastred&diff=386782Folcred and Fastred2024-03-04T11:34:36Z<p>Akhorahil: Made a correction</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{rohirrim infobox<br />
| name=Folcred and Fastred<br />
| people=[[Rohirrim]]<br />
| image=[[File:Steamey - King Folcwine Says Goodbye to His Sons.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="King Folcwine Says Goodbye to His Sons" by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Rohan]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Rohanese]] and [[Westron]]<br />
| birth={{TA|2858}}<ref name=Folcwine>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Folcwine, p. 1069</ref><br />
| birthlocation=''Presumably'' [[Rohan]]<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{TA|2885}}<ref name=TA2885>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2885, p. 1088</ref><br />
| deathlocation=[[Crossings of Poros]]<br />
| age=27<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Eorl]]<br />
| parentage=[[Folcwine]]<br />
| siblings=Unnamed sister<ref name=Fengel>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Fengel, p. 1069</ref><ref group="note">Under the entry '''[[Fengel]]''' in the entry for King Fengel in ''[[Appendix A]]'' it states: "He [Fengel] was the third son and fourth child of Folcwine."</ref><br/>[[Fengel]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Folcred''' and '''Fastred''' were the eldest children,<ref name=Fengel/> and the [[twins|twin]] sons of King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]].<ref name=Folcwine/><br />
<br />
== History == <br />
In the days of [[Ruling Stewards|Steward]] [[Túrin II]] of [[Gondor]] the [[Haradrim]] had occupied [[South Gondor]] and there were many armed conflicts along the river [[Poros]].<ref name=TurinII>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Túrin II, p. 1054</ref> In {{TA|2885}} emissaries of [[Sauron]] stirred up the Haradrim who crossed the Poros invaded Ithilien<ref name=TA2885/> with a large army<ref name=TurinII/>. When King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] heard of the invasion he fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]]<ref name=TurinII/> and sent many men led by his sons Folcred and Fastred to help Túrin II.<ref name=Folcwine/><br />
<br />
Túrin II defeated the Haradrim invaders with the help of the troops from Rohan in a [[Battle of the Crossings of Poros|battle]] at the [[Crossings of Poros]],<ref name=TurinII/> but Folcred and Fastred fell side by side in battle in Ithilien<ref name=Folcwine/>. <br />
<br />
They were buried together high upon the shore of the river Poros according to the customs of their [[Rohirrim|people]] in a burial mound, which was called ''[[Haudh in Gwanûr]]''. Afterwards the enemies of Gondor were afraid to pass the mound.<ref name=TurinII/><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The name '''''Folcred''''' means "folk-rede, people-counsel" in [[Old English]], while the name '''''Fastred''''' is likewise in Old English, meaning "fast-rede, firm-counsel".{{fact}}<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | FOL | | | | | | | | | | |FOL=[[Folca]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2804|n}} - {{TA|2864|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | FOL | | | | | | | | | | |FOL=[[Folcwine]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2830|n}} - {{TA|2903|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | FOL | | FAS | | DAU | | FEN | | | | |FOL='''FOLCRED'''<br/><small>''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†</small>|FAS='''FASTRED'''<br/><small>''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†</small>|DAU=''daughter''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|FEN=[[Fengel]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2870|n}} - {{TA|2953|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | DAU | | THE |y| MOR |DAU=''two daughters''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|THE=[[Thengel]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''</small>|MOR=[[Morwen Steelsheen]]<br/><small>''b. {{TA|2922|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | THE | | DAU | | THW |THE=[[Théoden]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†</small>|DAU=''three daughters''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|THW=[[Théodwyn]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Folcred and Fastred perish at the Crossings of Poros.jpg|thumb|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' tapestry: Folcred and Fastred perish while fighting Haradrim and Oliphaunts at the Crossings of Poros]]<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':''': A tapestry depicting Folcred and Fastred's last stand is found in [[Meduseld]] and can be acquired for use in player's houses.<br />
<br />
{{references|notes}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Folcred and Fastred}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Old English names]]<br />
[[Category:Rohirrim]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Folcred]]<br />
[[fi:Fastred ja Folcred]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Folcred_and_Fastred&diff=386699Folcred and Fastred2024-03-03T17:52:41Z<p>Akhorahil: Added content and references with page numbers for the 50th anniversary edition of LOTR</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{rohirrim infobox<br />
| name=Folcred and Fastred<br />
| people=[[Rohirrim]]<br />
| image=[[File:Steamey - King Folcwine Says Goodbye to His Sons.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="King Folcwine Says Goodbye to His Sons" by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Rohan]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Rohanese]] and [[Westron]]<br />
| birth={{TA|2858}}<ref name=Folcwine>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Folcwine, p. 1069</ref><br />
| birthlocation=''Presumably'' [[Rohan]]<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{TA|2885}}<ref name=TA2885>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2885, p. 1088</ref><br />
| deathlocation=[[Crossings of Poros]]<br />
| age=27<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Eorl]]<br />
| parentage=[[Folcwine]]<br />
| siblings=Unnamed sister<ref name=Fengel>{{App|Mark}}, entry for King Fengel, p. 1069</ref><ref group="note">Under the entry '''[[Fengel]]''' in the entry for King Fengel in ''[[Appendix A]]'' it states: "He [Fengel] was the third son and fourth child of Folcwine."</ref><br/>[[Fengel]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Folcred''' and '''Fastred''' were the eldest children,<ref name=Fengel/> and the [[twins|twin]] sons of King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]].<ref name=Folcwine/><br />
<br />
== History == <br />
In the days of [[Ruling Stewards|Steward]] [[Túrin II]] of [[Gondor]] the [[Haradrim]] had occupied [[South Gondor]] and there were many armed conflicts along the river [[Poros]].<ref name=TurinII>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Túrin II, p. 1054</ref> In {{TA|2885}} emissaries of [[Sauron]] stirred up the Haradrim who crossed the Poros invaded Ithilien<ref name=TA2885/> with a large army<ref name=TurinII/>. When King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] heard of the invasion he fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]]<ref name=TurinII/> and sent many men led by his sons Folcred and Fastred to help Túrin II.<ref name=Folcwine/><br />
<br />
Túrin II defeated the Haradrim invaders with the help of the troops from Rohan in a [[Battle of the Crossings of Poros|battle]] at the [[Crossings of Poros]],<ref name=TurinII/> but Folcred and Fastred fell side by side in battle in Ithilien<ref name=Folcwine/>. <br />
<br />
They were buried togeth high upon the shore of the river Poros according to the customs of their [[Rohirrim|people]] in a burial mound, which was called ''[[Haudh in Gwanûr]]''<ref name=TurinII/> the "Mound of the Twins". Afterwards the enemies of Gondor were afraid to pass the mound.<ref name=TurinII/><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The name '''''Folcred''''' means "folk-rede, people-counsel" in [[Old English]], while the name '''''Fastred''''' is likewise in Old English, meaning "fast-rede, firm-counsel".{{fact}}<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | FOL | | | | | | | | | | |FOL=[[Folca]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2804|n}} - {{TA|2864|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | FOL | | | | | | | | | | |FOL=[[Folcwine]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2830|n}} - {{TA|2903|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | FOL | | FAS | | DAU | | FEN | | | | |FOL='''FOLCRED'''<br/><small>''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†</small>|FAS='''FASTRED'''<br/><small>''{{TA|2858|n}} - {{TA|2885|n}}''†</small>|DAU=''daughter''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|FEN=[[Fengel]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2870|n}} - {{TA|2953|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | DAU | | THE |y| MOR |DAU=''two daughters''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|THE=[[Thengel]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''</small>|MOR=[[Morwen Steelsheen]]<br/><small>''b. {{TA|2922|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | THE | | DAU | | THW |THE=[[Théoden]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†</small>|DAU=''three daughters''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|THW=[[Théodwyn]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Folcred and Fastred perish at the Crossings of Poros.jpg|thumb|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' tapestry: Folcred and Fastred perish while fighting Haradrim and Oliphaunts at the Crossings of Poros]]<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':''': A tapestry depicting Folcred and Fastred's last stand is found in [[Meduseld]] and can be acquired for use in player's houses.<br />
<br />
{{references|notes}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Folcred and Fastred}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Old English names]]<br />
[[Category:Rohirrim]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Folcred]]<br />
[[fi:Fastred ja Folcred]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mount_Doom&diff=386590Mount Doom2024-03-02T05:21:22Z<p>Akhorahil: Undo revision 386566 by MorgothShallReturn (talk) Unnecessary edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Mount Doom|[[Mount Doom (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{expansion}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Mount Doom<br />
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Mount Doom.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Mount Doom" by [[Alan Lee]]<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[oˈrodruɪn]}}<br />
| othernames=''Orodruin'', ''Amon Amarth'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />
| location=[[Mordor]]<br />
| type=Mountain<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=Forging and destruction of [[the One Ring]]<br />
}}<br />
<center>{{Quote|Farewell, [[Sam]]! This is the end at last. On Mount Doom doom shall fall. Farewell!|[[Frodo]], ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[Mount Doom (chapter)|Mount Doom]]"}}</center><br />
<br />
'''Mount Doom''', or '''Orodruin''', was a volcano in [[Mordor]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[Melkor]] created Mount Doom in the [[First Age]], and the name "''Mordor''" may have been given to the surrounding land before Sauron settled there because of its eruptions.<ref>{{PM|Last}}, p. 390, note 14</ref> When [[Sauron]] chose the land of [[Mordor]] as his dwelling-place in the [[Second Age]], Orodruin was the reason for his choice. He "''used the fire that welled there from the heart of the earth in his sorceries and his forging.''" The most famous result of his forging, and in fact the only one we know of for sure, was the One Ring. <br />
<br />
The mountain erupted in {{SA|3429}}, signalling Sauron's attack on [[Gondor]] and it took the name [[Amon Amarth]], "Mount Doom".<br />
<br />
In {{TA|2954}}, Mount Doom reawakened and the last inhabitants of [[Ithilien]] terrified fled over [[Anduin]].<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> From then on it erupted sporadically until the end of the Age.<br />
<br />
The [[Fellowship of the Ring]]'s [[Quest for the Ring|quest]] in the [[War of the Ring]] was to destroy the Ring at Mount Doom.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Orodruin.jpg|thumb|left|''Orodruin'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
It stood alone in an empty plain, the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and was connected to the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] with [[Sauron's Road]], rising about 4500 feet with its base about 3000 feet tall.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', entry "Orodruin"</ref><ref name=K/> The Road approached the east side of the base at a causeway and then wound up like a snake; at that point, the Road seemed damaged by the lava and re-repaired several times.<ref name=K>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', p. 146</ref><br />
<br />
Inside its cone, were the [[Cracks of Doom|Sammath Naur]] leading to the Crack of Doom, a fiery chasm where [[the One Ring]] was forged.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Orodruin.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
"Mount Doom" is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of '''''Amon Amarth''''' in [[Gondor]],<ref name="Nomen"/> from ''[[amon]]'' ("hill")<ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''[[amon]]''</ref> and ''[[amarth]]'' ("fate, doom").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 114, entry S ''amarth''</ref><ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''[[amarth]]''</ref><br />
<br />
The name was given because the volcano was linked in ancient and little-understood prophecies with the final end of the [[Third Age]], when [[the One Ring]] was found again.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, pp. 768-9</ref><br />
<br />
Its original [[Sindarin]] name was '''''Orodruin''''', glossed as "burning mountain"<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref> and "mountain of the red flame".<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 769</ref> The name likely consists of ''[[ered|orod]]'' ("mountain") + ''[[ruin]]'' ("fiery red").<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 14 July 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
==Theories==<br />
According to [[Karen Fonstad]], Mount Doom was obviously a [[Wikipedia:stratovolcano|stratovolcano]], composited by alternating layers of ash and lava. Towering at only 4500ft, it was relatively short.<ref name=K/><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
===Live action===<br />
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Mount Doom.jpg|thumb|Mount Doom in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.]]<br />
:[[Wikipedia:Mount Ngauruhoe|Mount Ngauruhoe]] was used as Mount Doom in some scenes. In long shots, the mountain is either a large model or a CGI effect, or a combination. It was not permitted to film the summit of Ngauruhoe because it is sacred to the Maori of the region. However, some scenes which showed the slopes of Mount Doom were filmed on the actual slopes of [[Wikipedia:Mount Ruapehu|Mount Ruapehu]].<br />
<br />
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''<br />
[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Eruption of Orodruin.jpg|thumb|left|The eruption of Orodruin in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.]]<br />
:'''1 September: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''<br />
::During the late [[Second Age]], Orodruin is shown within the [[Mordor|Southlands]] to be a dormant volcano with a snow cap. Its slopes are covered with forests and the surrounding [[Plateau of Gorgoroth|plateau]] is inhabited by the [[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlanders]].<br />
:'''30 September: ''[[Udûn (episode)|Udûn]]'':'''<br />
::After the battle of [[Tirharad]], [[Waldreg]] activates a mechanism at the ruins of the [[Watchtower of Ostirith]], triggering a flood of water to travel to Orodruin though underground [[Orcs|Orc-made]] tunnels. The collision between the flood and the fires of Orodruin results in a volcanic eruption, which destroys the Southlands.<br />
:'''7 October: ''[[The Eye]]'':'''<br />
::After the eruption of [[Mount Doom|Orodruin]], the Southlanders flee the Plateau of Gorgoroth. During this escape, [[Ontamo]] is killed, [[Tar-Míriel|Queen Regent Míriel]] is blinded and [[Isildur]] is supposedly lost amidst the flames.<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:The last level takes place within Mount Doom where the player controls Frodo and must cast Gollum into the lava.<br />
<br />
'''2014: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor|''Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor'' (video game)]]:''' <br />
[[File:Shadow of Mordor - Mount Doom.png|thumb|The eruption of Mount Doom in ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]''.]]<br />
:Mount Doom first appeared in the game as a background in the Prologue, then it appeared once more as it erupted in the final mission that is called: Mordor in Flames.<br />
<br />
'''2017: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War|''Middle-earth: Shadow of War'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Mount Doom appeared in the Prologue scene and became part of the free roam world in the game.<br />
<br />
'''2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Mount Doom.jpg|thumb|left|Mount Doom in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br />
:The eruption of Mount Doom spilled mostly onto the southern side, creating a large lake of burning fire on the plain below. The norther slope has been affected as well, with massive fissures and cracks opening all over the landscape, the ruins of [[Barad-dûr]] in particular have been enveloped by a river of lava. Elsewhere in [[Mordor]] the eruption left its marks as well; in the southern area between the [[Ephel Dúath]] and the [[Morgai]] the groundwaters have been released by the shaking of the earth, flooding the valley and transforming it into a rotting swamp.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Mordor]]<br />
[[Category:Mountains]]<br />
[[de:Schicksalsberg]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/mordor/orodruin]]<br />
[[fi:Tuomiovuori]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mount_Doom&diff=386589Mount Doom2024-03-02T05:20:31Z<p>Akhorahil: Undo revision 386567 by MorgothShallReturn (talk) Unnecessary edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Mount Doom|[[Mount Doom (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{expansion}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Oroduin/Mount Doom<br />
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Mount Doom.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Mount Doom" by [[Alan Lee]]<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[oˈrodruɪn]}}<br />
| othernames=''Orodruin'', ''Amon Amarth'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />
| location=[[Mordor]]<br />
| type=Mountain<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=Forging and destruction of [[the One Ring]]<br />
}}<br />
<center>{{Quote|Farewell, [[Sam]]! This is the end at last. On Mount Doom doom shall fall. Farewell!|[[Frodo]], ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[Mount Doom (chapter)|Mount Doom]]"}}</center><br />
<br />
= '''Mount Doom''', or '''Orodruin''', was a volcano in [[Mordor]]. =<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[Melkor]] created Mount Doom in the [[First Age]], and the name "''Mordor''" may have been given to the surrounding land before Sauron settled there because of its eruptions.<ref>{{PM|Last}}, p. 390, note 14</ref> When [[Sauron]] chose the land of [[Mordor]] as his dwelling-place in the [[Second Age]], Orodruin was the reason for his choice. He "''used the fire that welled there from the heart of the earth in his sorceries and his forging.''" The most famous result of his forging, and in fact the only one we know of for sure, was the One Ring. <br />
<br />
The mountain erupted in {{SA|3429}}, signalling Sauron's attack on [[Gondor]] and it took the name [[Amon Amarth]], "Mount Doom".<br />
<br />
In {{TA|2954}}, Mount Doom reawakened and the last inhabitants of [[Ithilien]] terrified fled over [[Anduin]].<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> From then on it erupted sporadically until the end of the Age.<br />
<br />
The [[Fellowship of the Ring]]'s [[Quest for the Ring|quest]] in the [[War of the Ring]] was to destroy the Ring at Mount Doom.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Orodruin.jpg|thumb|left|''Orodruin'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
It stood alone in an empty plain, the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and was connected to the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] with [[Sauron's Road]], rising about 4500 feet with its base about 3000 feet tall.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', entry "Orodruin"</ref><ref name=K/> The Road approached the east side of the base at a causeway and then wound up like a snake; at that point, the Road seemed damaged by the lava and re-repaired several times.<ref name=K>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', p. 146</ref><br />
<br />
Inside its cone, were the [[Cracks of Doom|Sammath Naur]] leading to the Crack of Doom, a fiery chasm where [[the One Ring]] was forged.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Orodruin.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
"Mount Doom" is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of '''''Amon Amarth''''' in [[Gondor]],<ref name="Nomen"/> from ''[[amon]]'' ("hill")<ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''[[amon]]''</ref> and ''[[amarth]]'' ("fate, doom").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 114, entry S ''amarth''</ref><ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''[[amarth]]''</ref><br />
<br />
The name was given because the volcano was linked in ancient and little-understood prophecies with the final end of the [[Third Age]], when [[the One Ring]] was found again.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, pp. 768-9</ref><br />
<br />
Its original [[Sindarin]] name was '''''Orodruin''''', glossed as "burning mountain"<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref> and "mountain of the red flame".<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 769</ref> The name likely consists of ''[[ered|orod]]'' ("mountain") + ''[[ruin]]'' ("fiery red").<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 14 July 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
==Theories==<br />
According to [[Karen Fonstad]], Mount Doom was obviously a [[Wikipedia:stratovolcano|stratovolcano]], composited by alternating layers of ash and lava. Towering at only 4500ft, it was relatively short.<ref name=K/><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
===Live action===<br />
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Mount Doom.jpg|thumb|Mount Doom in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.]]<br />
:[[Wikipedia:Mount Ngauruhoe|Mount Ngauruhoe]] was used as Mount Doom in some scenes. In long shots, the mountain is either a large model or a CGI effect, or a combination. It was not permitted to film the summit of Ngauruhoe because it is sacred to the Maori of the region. However, some scenes which showed the slopes of Mount Doom were filmed on the actual slopes of [[Wikipedia:Mount Ruapehu|Mount Ruapehu]].<br />
<br />
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''<br />
[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Eruption of Orodruin.jpg|thumb|left|The eruption of Orodruin in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.]]<br />
:'''1 September: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''<br />
::During the late [[Second Age]], Orodruin is shown within the [[Mordor|Southlands]] to be a dormant volcano with a snow cap. Its slopes are covered with forests and the surrounding [[Plateau of Gorgoroth|plateau]] is inhabited by the [[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlanders]].<br />
:'''30 September: ''[[Udûn (episode)|Udûn]]'':'''<br />
::After the battle of [[Tirharad]], [[Waldreg]] activates a mechanism at the ruins of the [[Watchtower of Ostirith]], triggering a flood of water to travel to Orodruin though underground [[Orcs|Orc-made]] tunnels. The collision between the flood and the fires of Orodruin results in a volcanic eruption, which destroys the Southlands.<br />
:'''7 October: ''[[The Eye]]'':'''<br />
::After the eruption of [[Mount Doom|Orodruin]], the Southlanders flee the Plateau of Gorgoroth. During this escape, [[Ontamo]] is killed, [[Tar-Míriel|Queen Regent Míriel]] is blinded and [[Isildur]] is supposedly lost amidst the flames.<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:The last level takes place within Mount Doom where the player controls Frodo and must cast Gollum into the lava.<br />
<br />
'''2014: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor|''Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor'' (video game)]]:''' <br />
[[File:Shadow of Mordor - Mount Doom.png|thumb|The eruption of Mount Doom in ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]''.]]<br />
:Mount Doom first appeared in the game as a background in the Prologue, then it appeared once more as it erupted in the final mission that is called: Mordor in Flames.<br />
<br />
'''2017: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War|''Middle-earth: Shadow of War'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Mount Doom appeared in the Prologue scene and became part of the free roam world in the game.<br />
<br />
'''2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Mount Doom.jpg|thumb|left|Mount Doom in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br />
:The eruption of Mount Doom spilled mostly onto the southern side, creating a large lake of burning fire on the plain below. The norther slope has been affected as well, with massive fissures and cracks opening all over the landscape, the ruins of [[Barad-dûr]] in particular have been enveloped by a river of lava. Elsewhere in [[Mordor]] the eruption left its marks as well; in the southern area between the [[Ephel Dúath]] and the [[Morgai]] the groundwaters have been released by the shaking of the earth, flooding the valley and transforming it into a rotting swamp.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Mordor]]<br />
[[Category:Mountains]]<br />
[[de:Schicksalsberg]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/mordor/orodruin]]<br />
[[fi:Tuomiovuori]]</div>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mount_Doom&diff=386588Mount Doom2024-03-02T05:19:32Z<p>Akhorahil: Undo revision 386568 by MorgothShallReturn (talk) Unnecessary edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Oroduin/Mount Doom|[[Mount Doom (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{expansion}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Oroduin/Mount Doom<br />
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - Mount Doom.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Mount Doom" by [[Alan Lee]]<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[oˈrodruɪn]}}<br />
| othernames=''Orodruin'', ''Amon Amarth'' ([[Sindarin|S]])<br />
| location=[[Mordor]]<br />
| type=Mountain<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=Forging and destruction of [[the One Ring]]<br />
}}<br />
<center>{{Quote|Farewell, [[Sam]]! This is the end at last. On Mount Doom doom shall fall. Farewell!|[[Frodo]], ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[Mount Doom (chapter)|Mount Doom]]"}}</center>'''Mount Doom''', or '''Orodruin''', was a volcano in [[Mordor]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[Melkor]] created Mount Doom in the [[First Age]], and the name "''Mordor''" may have been given to the surrounding land before Sauron settled there because of its eruptions.<ref>{{PM|Last}}, p. 390, note 14</ref> When [[Sauron]] chose the land of [[Mordor]] as his dwelling-place in the [[Second Age]], Orodruin was the reason for his choice. He "''used the fire that welled there from the heart of the earth in his sorceries and his forging.''" The most famous result of his forging, and in fact the only one we know of for sure, was the One Ring. <br />
<br />
The mountain erupted in {{SA|3429}}, signalling Sauron's attack on [[Gondor]] and it took the name [[Amon Amarth]], "Mount Doom".<br />
<br />
In {{TA|2954}}, Mount Doom reawakened and the last inhabitants of [[Ithilien]] terrified fled over [[Anduin]].<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> From then on it erupted sporadically until the end of the Age.<br />
<br />
The [[Fellowship of the Ring]]'s [[Quest for the Ring|quest]] in the [[War of the Ring]] was to destroy the Ring at Mount Doom.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Orodruin.jpg|thumb|left|''Orodruin'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
It stood alone in an empty plain, the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and was connected to the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] with [[Sauron's Road]], rising about 4500 feet with its base about 3000 feet tall.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', entry "Orodruin"</ref><ref name=K/> The Road approached the east side of the base at a causeway and then wound up like a snake; at that point, the Road seemed damaged by the lava and re-repaired several times.<ref name=K>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', p. 146</ref><br />
<br />
Inside its cone, were the [[Cracks of Doom|Sammath Naur]] leading to the Crack of Doom, a fiery chasm where [[the One Ring]] was forged.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Orodruin.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
"Mount Doom" is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of '''''Amon Amarth''''' in [[Gondor]],<ref name="Nomen"/> from ''[[amon]]'' ("hill")<ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''[[amon]]''</ref> and ''[[amarth]]'' ("fate, doom").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 114, entry S ''amarth''</ref><ref>{{S|Elements}}, entry ''[[amarth]]''</ref><br />
<br />
The name was given because the volcano was linked in ancient and little-understood prophecies with the final end of the [[Third Age]], when [[the One Ring]] was found again.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, pp. 768-9</ref><br />
<br />
Its original [[Sindarin]] name was '''''Orodruin''''', glossed as "burning mountain"<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref> and "mountain of the red flame".<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 769</ref> The name likely consists of ''[[ered|orod]]'' ("mountain") + ''[[ruin]]'' ("fiery red").<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 14 July 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
==Theories==<br />
According to [[Karen Fonstad]], Mount Doom was obviously a [[Wikipedia:stratovolcano|stratovolcano]], composited by alternating layers of ash and lava. Towering at only 4500ft, it was relatively short.<ref name=K/><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
===Live action===<br />
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Mount Doom.jpg|thumb|Mount Doom in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.]]<br />
:[[Wikipedia:Mount Ngauruhoe|Mount Ngauruhoe]] was used as Mount Doom in some scenes. In long shots, the mountain is either a large model or a CGI effect, or a combination. It was not permitted to film the summit of Ngauruhoe because it is sacred to the Maori of the region. However, some scenes which showed the slopes of Mount Doom were filmed on the actual slopes of [[Wikipedia:Mount Ruapehu|Mount Ruapehu]].<br />
<br />
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''<br />
[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Eruption of Orodruin.jpg|thumb|left|The eruption of Orodruin in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.]]<br />
:'''1 September: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''<br />
::During the late [[Second Age]], Orodruin is shown within the [[Mordor|Southlands]] to be a dormant volcano with a snow cap. Its slopes are covered with forests and the surrounding [[Plateau of Gorgoroth|plateau]] is inhabited by the [[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlanders]].<br />
:'''30 September: ''[[Udûn (episode)|Udûn]]'':'''<br />
::After the battle of [[Tirharad]], [[Waldreg]] activates a mechanism at the ruins of the [[Watchtower of Ostirith]], triggering a flood of water to travel to Orodruin though underground [[Orcs|Orc-made]] tunnels. The collision between the flood and the fires of Orodruin results in a volcanic eruption, which destroys the Southlands.<br />
:'''7 October: ''[[The Eye]]'':'''<br />
::After the eruption of [[Mount Doom|Orodruin]], the Southlanders flee the Plateau of Gorgoroth. During this escape, [[Ontamo]] is killed, [[Tar-Míriel|Queen Regent Míriel]] is blinded and [[Isildur]] is supposedly lost amidst the flames.<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:The last level takes place within Mount Doom where the player controls Frodo and must cast Gollum into the lava.<br />
<br />
'''2014: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor|''Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor'' (video game)]]:''' <br />
[[File:Shadow of Mordor - Mount Doom.png|thumb|The eruption of Mount Doom in ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]''.]]<br />
:Mount Doom first appeared in the game as a background in the Prologue, then it appeared once more as it erupted in the final mission that is called: Mordor in Flames.<br />
<br />
'''2017: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War|''Middle-earth: Shadow of War'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Mount Doom appeared in the Prologue scene and became part of the free roam world in the game.<br />
<br />
'''2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Mount Doom.jpg|thumb|left|Mount Doom in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br />
:The eruption of Mount Doom spilled mostly onto the southern side, creating a large lake of burning fire on the plain below. The norther slope has been affected as well, with massive fissures and cracks opening all over the landscape, the ruins of [[Barad-dûr]] in particular have been enveloped by a river of lava. Elsewhere in [[Mordor]] the eruption left its marks as well; in the southern area between the [[Ephel Dúath]] and the [[Morgai]] the groundwaters have been released by the shaking of the earth, flooding the valley and transforming it into a rotting swamp.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Mordor]]<br />
[[Category:Mountains]]<br />
[[de:Schicksalsberg]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/mordor/orodruin]]<br />
[[fi:Tuomiovuori]]</div>Akhorahil