https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&feed=atom&action=historyGothic - Revision history2024-03-29T09:28:48ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=380644&oldid=prevAkhorahil: Expanded references for Tom Shippey's The Road to Middle-earth to help readers who do not have the 3rd edition or who only have an e-book to more easily locate the relevant passages2023-09-23T09:46:45Z<p>Expanded references for Tom Shippey's The Road to Middle-earth to help readers who do not have the 3rd edition or who only have an e-book to more easily locate the relevant passages</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:46, 23 September 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gothic''' was the language of the Goths; the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">oldest known </del>Germanic language, it is now extinct and left no descendants. As a Germanic language, Gothic was related to [[Old English]] and [[Old Norse]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gothic''' was the language of the Goths; the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">earliest recorded </ins>Germanic language,<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>[[Tom Shippey]], ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', Chapter 1 Lit. and Lang., Lost Romances, 3rd edition, p. 16</ref><ref name=Note6>{{UT|8e}}, note 6</ref><ref>[[Tom Shippey]], ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', Chapter 1 Lit. and Lang., Lost Romances, 3rd edition, p. 18</ref> </ins>it is now extinct and left no descendants. As a Germanic language, Gothic was related to [[Old English]] and [[Old Norse]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Around [[1910]] or later, Tolkien had bought his tutor [[Joseph Wright]]'s ''[[Wikipedia:Grammar of the Gothic Language|Primer of the Gothic Language]]'' from a school-friend (who had mistaken it for a Bible Society product). He had been fascinated by Gothic and started "converting" words of other Germanic languages into Gothic script, which he wrote in his book, and signed as ''Ruginwaldus Dwalakōneis'' (gothicized "Ronald Tolkien"). Tolkien was also aware of the tragic history of the Goths.<ref>{{L|272}}</ref>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gothic was the first language that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] studied for his own pleasure. He also disovered modern historical philology in Gothic.<ref>{{L|163}}</ref> </ins>Around [[1910]] or later, Tolkien had bought his tutor [[Joseph Wright]]'s ''[[Wikipedia:Grammar of the Gothic Language|Primer of the Gothic Language]]'' from a school-friend (who had mistaken it for a Bible Society product). He had been fascinated by Gothic and started "converting" words of other Germanic languages into Gothic script, which he wrote in his book, and signed as ''Ruginwaldus Dwalakōneis'' (gothicized "Ronald Tolkien"). Tolkien was also aware of the tragic history of the Goths.<ref>{{L|272}}</ref>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gothic was the first language that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] studied for his own pleasure. He also disovered modern historical philology in Gothic.<ref>{{L|163}}</ref> </del>Gothic may have given an impulsion in the first development of [[Qenya]]. Tolkien even attempted to reconstruct some parts of the language and such elements survived in [[Taliska]], the language he created for the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]]. He also composed a full poem, ''[[Bagmē Blōma]]'' "The Flower of the Trees" in Gothic.<ref>Shippey, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">T. </del>''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</del>On the Cold Hill's Side<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</del>, page 316 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(3rd edition)</del></ref> [[Tom Shippey]] suggests that Edward Gibbon's ''Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' stayed in Tolkien's mind and that The Gothic History of Jordanes translated by C.C. Mierow was probably one of the most interesting Latin histories that Edward Gibbon had used.<ref>Shippey, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">T. </del>''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', p. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">350 (3rd edition)</del></ref> [[Wikipedia:Jordanes|Jordanes]] was a latin-speaking German of Gotic descent who wrote [[Wikipedia:Getica|a history of the Goths]] in latin.<ref>Miryam Librán Moreno: J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes, Littera Aperta 1 (2013), pp. 65-6</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gothic may have given an impulsion in the first development of [[Qenya]]. Tolkien even attempted to reconstruct some parts of the language and such elements survived in [[Taliska]], the language he created for the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]]. He also composed a full poem, ''[[Bagmē Blōma]]'' "The Flower of the Trees" in Gothic.<ref><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Tom </ins>Shippey<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Chapter 8 </ins>On the Cold Hill's Side<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, Of Birch Hats and Cold Potions, 3rd edition</ins>, page 316</ref> [[Tom Shippey]] suggests that Edward Gibbon's ''Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' stayed in Tolkien's mind and that The Gothic History of Jordanes translated by C.C. Mierow was probably one of the most interesting Latin histories that Edward Gibbon had used.<ref><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Tom </ins>Shippey<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, Appendix A Tolkien's Sources: The True Tradition, 3rd edition</ins>, p. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">396</ins></ref> [[Wikipedia:Jordanes|Jordanes]] was a latin-speaking German of Gotic descent who wrote [[Wikipedia:Getica|a history of the Goths]] in latin.<ref>Miryam Librán Moreno: J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes, Littera Aperta 1 (2013), pp. 65-6<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref> Tolkien also bought all volumes of Hermann Schneider's ''Germanische Heldensage'' and wrote that Gothic was studied "as a main source of the poetic inspiration of ancient England and the North".<ref>[[Tom Shippey]], ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', Chapter 1 Lit. and Lang., Lost Romances, 3rd edition, p. 20</ins></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to [[Lisa Star]], Tolkien also devised a [[tengwar]] mode for Gothic which is known to exist, but remain unpublished to date.<ref>{{webcite|author=Lisa Star|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091027110101/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/unpub.html|articlename=A List of Tolkien's Unpublished and Slightly Published Manuscripts|dated=August 2002|website=[http://web.archive.org/web/20091027074431/http://geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/ Tyalie Tyelellieva website (archived)]|accessed=2 January 2012}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to [[Lisa Star]], Tolkien also devised a [[tengwar]] mode for Gothic which is known to exist, but remain unpublished to date.<ref>{{webcite|author=Lisa Star|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091027110101/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/unpub.html|articlename=A List of Tolkien's Unpublished and Slightly Published Manuscripts|dated=August 2002|website=[http://web.archive.org/web/20091027074431/http://geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/ Tyalie Tyelellieva website (archived)]|accessed=2 January 2012}}</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Gothic names in Tolkien's legendarium==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Gothic names in Tolkien's legendarium==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Old English represents [[Rohanese]], Tolkien used Gothic<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, the earliest recorded Germanic language, </del>to represent the earlier language of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]] in accordance to the similarity between these languages. As a consequence, the names of the early kings and princes of the Northmen are of Gothic origin.<ref<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">>{{UT|8e}}, note 6<</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ref</del>><ref>Shippey, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">T. </del>''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', Chapter 1 Lit. and Lang., Lost Romances, p. 18 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(3rd edition)</del></ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Old English represents [[Rohanese]], Tolkien used Gothic to represent the earlier language of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]] in accordance to the similarity between these languages<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.<ref name=Note6/> However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to the language of the Northmen; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity</ins>. As a consequence, the names of the early kings and princes of the Northmen are of Gothic origin.<ref <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">name=Note6</ins>/><ref><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Tom </ins>Shippey<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', Chapter 1 Lit. and Lang., Lost Romances<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 3rd edition</ins>, p. 18</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Vidugavia]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Vidugavia]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to Northern; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien also used names of Gothic and Frankish origin that are still in use or appear in real-world history for first-names of old [[Hobbit]] families, especially those of [[Fallohides|Fallowhide]] origin, such as the [[Tooks]] and the [[Bolgers]].<ref>{{App|Translation}}, p. 1135</ref> One example from the Bolger family tree is [[Wikipedia:Odoacer|Odovacar]], the name of a 5th century <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ruler </ins>of Italy of Germanic descent. In addition, Tolkien also used the names Roderic, Alaric, Theodoric and Athanaric in the earliest version of the Brandybuck family tree<ref>{{PM|Trees}}, BR 1, p. 99</ref>, which are of Gothic origin.<ref>Miryam Librán Moreno: J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes, Littera Aperta 1 (2013), p. 65</ref> [[Wikipedia:Roderic|Roderic]], [[Wikipedia:Alaric I|Alaric]], [[Wikipedia:Theodoric the Great|Theodoric]] and [[Wikipedia:Athanaric|Athanaric]] are the names of kings of the Goths.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien also used names of Gothic and Frankish origin that are still in use or appear in real-world history for first-names of old [[Hobbit]] families, especially those of [[Fallohides|Fallowhide]] origin, such as the [[Tooks]] and the [[Bolgers]].<ref>{{App|Translation}}, p. 1135</ref> One example from the Bolger family tree is [[Wikipedia:Odoacer|Odovacar]], the name of a 5th century <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rules </del>of Italy of Germanic descent. In addition, Tolkien also used the names Roderic, Alaric, Theodoric and Athanaric in the earliest version of the Brandybuck family tree<ref>{{PM|Trees}}, BR 1, p. 99</ref>, which are of Gothic origin.<ref>Miryam Librán Moreno: J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes, Littera Aperta 1 (2013), p. 65</ref> [[Wikipedia:Roderic|Roderic]], [[Wikipedia:Alaric I|Alaric]], [[Wikipedia:Theodoric the Great|Theodoric]] and [[Wikipedia:Athanaric|Athanaric]] are the names of kings of the Goths.</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is noteworthy that many Gothic names, which were used by Tolkien can be found with the same or similar spelling in Mierow's translation of Jordanes' History of the Goths. Among those are [[Wikipedia:Vinitharius|Vinitharius]], Alaric, Theodoric, Athanaric and Odoacer.<ref>{{webcite|website=Internet Archive|author=Charles Cristopher Mierow|articlename=The Gothic History of Jordanes|articleurl=http://ia800303.us.archive.org/1/items/gothichistoryofj00jord/gothichistoryofj00jord.pdf}}, pp. 73 XIV.79, 91 XXVIII.142 and 119 XLVI.242</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is noteworthy that many Gothic names, which were used by Tolkien can be found with the same or similar spelling in Mierow's translation of Jordanes' History of the Goths. Among those are [[Wikipedia:Vinitharius|Vinitharius]], Alaric, Theodoric, Athanaric and Odoacer.<ref>{{webcite|website=Internet Archive|author=Charles Cristopher Mierow|articlename=The Gothic History of Jordanes|articleurl=http://ia800303.us.archive.org/1/items/gothichistoryofj00jord/gothichistoryofj00jord.pdf}}, pp. 73 XIV.79, 91 XXVIII.142 and 119 XLVI.242</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=380622&oldid=prevAkhorahil: Added content and references2023-09-21T16:04:40Z<p>Added content and references</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:04, 21 September 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gothic''' was the language of the Goths; the oldest known Germanic language, it is now extinct and left no descendants. As a Germanic language, Gothic was related to [[Old English]] and [[Old Norse]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gothic''' was the language of the Goths; the oldest known Germanic language, it is now extinct and left no descendants. As a Germanic language, Gothic was related to [[Old English]] and [[Old Norse]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Around [[1910]] or later, Tolkien had bought his tutor [[Joseph Wright]]'s ''[[Wikipedia:Grammar of the Gothic Language|Primer of the Gothic Language]]'' from a school-friend (who had mistaken it for a Bible Society product). He had been fascinated by Gothic and started "converting" words of other Germanic languages into Gothic script, which he wrote in his book, and signed as ''Ruginwaldus Dwalakōneis''<ref>{{L|272}}</ref> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(gothicized "Ronald Tolkien")</del>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Around [[1910]] or later, Tolkien had bought his tutor [[Joseph Wright]]'s ''[[Wikipedia:Grammar of the Gothic Language|Primer of the Gothic Language]]'' from a school-friend (who had mistaken it for a Bible Society product). He had been fascinated by Gothic and started "converting" words of other Germanic languages into Gothic script, which he wrote in his book, and signed as ''Ruginwaldus Dwalakōneis'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(gothicized "Ronald Tolkien"). Tolkien was also aware of the tragic history of the Goths.</ins><ref>{{L|272}}</ref>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gothic was the first language that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] studied for his own pleasure<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, and it </del>may have given an impulsion in the first development of [[Qenya]]. Tolkien even attempted to reconstruct some parts of the language and such elements survived in [[Taliska]], the language he created for the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]]. He also composed a full poem, ''[[Bagmē Blōma]]'' "The Flower of the Trees" in Gothic.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gothic was the first language that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] studied for his own pleasure<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. He also disovered modern historical philology in Gothic.<ref>{{L|163}}</ref> Gothic </ins>may have given an impulsion in the first development of [[Qenya]]. Tolkien even attempted to reconstruct some parts of the language and such elements survived in [[Taliska]], the language he created for the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]]. He also composed a full poem, ''[[Bagmē Blōma]]'' "The Flower of the Trees" in Gothic.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>Shippey, T. ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', "On the Cold Hill's Side", page 316 (3rd edition)</ref> [[Tom Shippey]] suggests that Edward Gibbon's ''Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' stayed in Tolkien's mind and that The Gothic History of Jordanes translated by C.C. Mierow was probably one of the most interesting Latin histories that Edward Gibbon had used.<ref>Shippey, T. ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', p. 350 (3rd edition)</ref> [[Wikipedia:Jordanes|Jordanes]] was a latin-speaking German of Gotic descent who wrote [[Wikipedia:Getica|a history of the Goths]] in latin.<ref>Miryam Librán Moreno: J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes, Littera Aperta 1 (2013), pp. 65-6</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to [[Lisa Star]], Tolkien also devised a [[tengwar]] mode for Gothic which is known to exist, but remain unpublished to date.<ref>{{webcite|author=Lisa Star|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091027110101/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/unpub.html|articlename=A List of Tolkien's Unpublished and Slightly Published Manuscripts|dated=August 2002|website=[http://web.archive.org/web/20091027074431/http://geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/ Tyalie Tyelellieva website (archived)]|accessed=2 January 2012}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to [[Lisa Star]], Tolkien also devised a [[tengwar]] mode for Gothic which is known to exist, but remain unpublished to date.<ref>{{webcite|author=Lisa Star|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091027110101/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/unpub.html|articlename=A List of Tolkien's Unpublished and Slightly Published Manuscripts|dated=August 2002|website=[http://web.archive.org/web/20091027074431/http://geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/ Tyalie Tyelellieva website (archived)]|accessed=2 January 2012}}</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Gothic names in Tolkien's legendarium==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Gothic names in Tolkien's legendarium==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Old English represents [[Rohanese]], Tolkien used Gothic to represent the earlier language of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]] in accordance to the similarity between these languages. As a consequence, the names of the early kings and princes of the Northmen are of Gothic origin.<ref>{{UT|8e}}, note 6</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Old English represents [[Rohanese]], Tolkien used Gothic<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, the earliest recorded Germanic language, </ins>to represent the earlier language of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]] in accordance to the similarity between these languages. As a consequence, the names of the early kings and princes of the Northmen are of Gothic origin.<ref>{{UT|8e}}, note 6<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref><ref>Shippey, T. ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'', Chapter 1 Lit. and Lang., Lost Romances, p. 18 (3rd edition)</ins></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Vidugavia]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Vidugavia]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19">Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to Northern; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to Northern; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien also used names of Gothic and Frankish origin for first-names of old [[Hobbit]] families, especially those of [[Fallohides|Fallowhide]] origin, such as the [[Tooks]] and the [[Bolgers]].<ref>{{App|Translation}}, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">eleventh paragraph</del></ref> In addition, Tolkien also used the names Roderic, Alaric, Theodoric and Athanaric in the earliest version of the Brandybuck family tree<ref>{{PM|Trees}}, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Brandybuck of Buckland</del>, p. 99</ref>, which are of Gothic origin.<ref>Miryam Librán Moreno: J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes, Littera Aperta 1 (2013), p. 65</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien also used names of Gothic and Frankish origin <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that are still in use or appear in real-world history </ins>for first-names of old [[Hobbit]] families, especially those of [[Fallohides|Fallowhide]] origin, such as the [[Tooks]] and the [[Bolgers]].<ref>{{App|Translation}}, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">p. 1135</ins></ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">One example from the Bolger family tree is [[Wikipedia:Odoacer|Odovacar]], the name of a 5th century rules of Italy of Germanic descent. </ins>In addition, Tolkien also used the names Roderic, Alaric, Theodoric and Athanaric in the earliest version of the Brandybuck family tree<ref>{{PM|Trees}}, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BR 1</ins>, p. 99</ref>, which are of Gothic origin.<ref>Miryam Librán Moreno: J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes, Littera Aperta 1 (2013), p. 65<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref> [[Wikipedia:Roderic|Roderic]], [[Wikipedia:Alaric I|Alaric]], [[Wikipedia:Theodoric the Great|Theodoric]] and [[Wikipedia:Athanaric|Athanaric]] are the names of kings of the Goths.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It is noteworthy that many Gothic names, which were used by Tolkien can be found with the same or similar spelling in Mierow's translation of Jordanes' History of the Goths. Among those are [[Wikipedia:Vinitharius|Vinitharius]], Alaric, Theodoric, Athanaric and Odoacer.<ref>{{webcite|website=Internet Archive|author=Charles Cristopher Mierow|articlename=The Gothic History of Jordanes|articleurl=http://ia800303.us.archive.org/1/items/gothichistoryofj00jord/gothichistoryofj00jord.pdf}}, pp. 73 XIV.79, 91 XXVIII.142 and 119 XLVI.242</ins></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Letter 272]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Letter 272]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External links==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External links==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=379573&oldid=prevSage: /* External links */2023-08-30T05:05:55Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">External links</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:05, 30 August 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[https://www.uco.es/ucopress/ojs/index.php/litteraaperta/article/view/10817/10015<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] Miryam Librán Moreno: </del>J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes. Some resemblances in spiritual outlook</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Miryam Librán Moreno, </ins>[https://www.uco.es/ucopress/ojs/index.php/litteraaperta/article/view/10817/10015 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes. Some resemblances in spiritual outlook<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/gothic.html Texts and sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]], including some texts by Tolkien</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/gothic.html Texts and sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]], including some texts by Tolkien</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{references}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{references}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Sagehttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=366604&oldid=prevSage at 19:39, 8 January 20232023-01-08T19:39:06Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:39, 8 January 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gothic''' was the language of the Goths; the oldest known Germanic language, it is now extinct and left no descendants. As a Germanic language, Gothic was related to [[Old English]] and [[Old Norse]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Gothic''' was the language of the Goths; the oldest known Germanic language, it is now extinct and left no descendants. As a Germanic language, Gothic was related to [[Old English]] and [[Old Norse]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gothic was the first language that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] studied for his own pleasure, and it may have given an impulsion in the first development of [[Qenya]]. Tolkien even attempted to reconstruct some parts of the language and such elements survived in [[Taliska]], the language he created for the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]]. He also composed a full poem, ''[[Bagmē Blōma<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|Bagme Bloma</del>]]'' "The Flower of the Trees" in Gothic.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Around [[1910]] or later, Tolkien had bought his tutor [[Joseph Wright]]'s ''[[Wikipedia:Grammar of the Gothic Language|Primer of the Gothic Language]]'' from a school-friend (who had mistaken it for a Bible Society product). He had been fascinated by Gothic and started "converting" words of other Germanic languages into Gothic script, which he wrote in his book, and signed as ''Ruginwaldus Dwalakōneis''<ref>{{L|272}}</ref> (gothicized "Ronald Tolkien"). </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gothic was the first language that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] studied for his own pleasure, and it may have given an impulsion in the first development of [[Qenya]]. Tolkien even attempted to reconstruct some parts of the language and such elements survived in [[Taliska]], the language he created for the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]]. He also composed a full poem, ''[[Bagmē Blōma]]'' "The Flower of the Trees" in Gothic.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to [[Lisa Star]], Tolkien also devised a [[tengwar]] mode for Gothic which is known to exist, but remain unpublished to date.<ref>{{webcite|author=Lisa Star|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091027110101/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/unpub.html|articlename=A List of Tolkien's Unpublished and Slightly Published Manuscripts|dated=August 2002|website=[http://web.archive.org/web/20091027074431/http://geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/ Tyalie Tyelellieva website (archived)]|accessed=2 January 2012}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>According to [[Lisa Star]], Tolkien also devised a [[tengwar]] mode for Gothic which is known to exist, but remain unpublished to date.<ref>{{webcite|author=Lisa Star|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091027110101/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/unpub.html|articlename=A List of Tolkien's Unpublished and Slightly Published Manuscripts|dated=August 2002|website=[http://web.archive.org/web/20091027074431/http://geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/ Tyalie Tyelellieva website (archived)]|accessed=2 January 2012}}</ref></div></td></tr>
</table>Sagehttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=365915&oldid=prevLorenzoCB: Text replacement - "Rohirric" to "Rohanese"2022-12-31T18:27:33Z<p>Text replacement - "<a href="/wiki/Rohirric" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohirric">Rohirric</a>" to "<a href="/wiki/Rohanese" title="Rohanese">Rohanese</a>"</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Gothic names in Tolkien's legendarium==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Gothic names in Tolkien's legendarium==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Old English represents [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rohirric</del>]], Tolkien used Gothic to represent the earlier language of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]] in accordance to the similarity between these languages. As a consequence, the names of the early kings and princes of the Northmen are of Gothic origin.<ref>{{UT|8e}}, note 6</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Old English represents [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rohanese</ins>]], Tolkien used Gothic to represent the earlier language of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]] in accordance to the similarity between these languages. As a consequence, the names of the early kings and princes of the Northmen are of Gothic origin.<ref>{{UT|8e}}, note 6</ref></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Vidugavia]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Vidugavia]]</div></td></tr>
</table>LorenzoCBhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=329807&oldid=prevAkhorahil: Added that Tolkien used the Gothic names Roderic, Alaric, Theodoric and Athanaric in the earliest version of the Brandybuck family tree2021-03-29T09:42:01Z<p>Added that Tolkien used the Gothic names Roderic, Alaric, Theodoric and Athanaric in the earliest version of the Brandybuck family tree</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:42, 29 March 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17">Line 17:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to Northern; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to Northern; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien also used names of Gothic and Frankish origin for first-names of old [[Hobbit]] families, especially those of [[Fallohides|Fallowhide]] origin, such as the [[Tooks]] and the [[Bolgers]].<ref>{{App|Translation}}, eleventh paragraph</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien also used names of Gothic and Frankish origin for first-names of old [[Hobbit]] families, especially those of [[Fallohides|Fallowhide]] origin, such as the [[Tooks]] and the [[Bolgers]].<ref>{{App|Translation}}, eleventh paragraph<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ref> In addition, Tolkien also used the names Roderic, Alaric, Theodoric and Athanaric in the earliest version of the Brandybuck family tree<ref>{{PM|Trees}}, Brandybuck of Buckland, p. 99</ref>, which are of Gothic origin.<ref>Miryam Librán Moreno: J.R.R. Tolkien and Jordanes, Littera Aperta 1 (2013), p. 65</ins></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[https://www.uco.es/ucopress/ojs/index.php/litteraaperta/article/view/10817/10015] Miryam Librán Moreno: Tolkien and Jordanes. Some resemblances in spiritual outlook</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[https://www.uco.es/ucopress/ojs/index.php/litteraaperta/article/view/10817/10015] Miryam Librán Moreno: <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">J.R.R. </ins>Tolkien and Jordanes. Some resemblances in spiritual outlook</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/gothic.html Texts and sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]], including some texts by Tolkien</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/gothic.html Texts and sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]], including some texts by Tolkien</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{references}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{references}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=329806&oldid=prevAkhorahil: Added that the names of the early kings and Princes of the Northmen are of Gothic origin and provided a reference for that; added a link to an article about Tolkien and the Gothic chronologist Jordanes2021-03-29T08:36:16Z<p>Added that the names of the early kings and Princes of the Northmen are of Gothic origin and provided a reference for that; added a link to an article about Tolkien and the Gothic chronologist Jordanes</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Gothic names in Tolkien's legendarium==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Gothic names in Tolkien's legendarium==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Old English represents [[Rohirric]], Tolkien used Gothic to represent the earlier language of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]] in accordance to the similarity between these languages. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Since in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' Old English represents [[Rohirric]], Tolkien used Gothic to represent the earlier language of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]] in accordance to the similarity between these languages. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As a consequence, the names of the early kings and princes of the Northmen are of Gothic origin.<ref>{{UT|8e}}, note 6</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Vidugavia]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Vidugavia]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External links==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External links==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[https://www.uco.es/ucopress/ojs/index.php/litteraaperta/article/view/10817/10015] Miryam Librán Moreno: Tolkien and Jordanes. Some resemblances in spiritual outlook</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/gothic.html Texts and sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]], including some texts by Tolkien</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://glaemscrafu.jrrvf.com/english/gothic.html Texts and sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]], including some texts by Tolkien</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{references}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{references}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=329804&oldid=prevAkhorahil: Added that Tolkien used names of Gothic origin for the first-names of old Hobbit families, such as the Tooks and Bolgers2021-03-29T08:11:37Z<p>Added that Tolkien used names of Gothic origin for the first-names of old Hobbit families, such as the Tooks and Bolgers</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:11, 29 March 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l16">Line 16:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to Northern; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to Northern; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tolkien also used names of Gothic and Frankish origin for first-names of old [[Hobbit]] families, especially those of [[Fallohides|Fallowhide]] origin, such as the [[Tooks]] and the [[Bolgers]].<ref>{{App|Translation}}, eleventh paragraph</ref> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Letter 272]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Letter 272]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Akhorahilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=329802&oldid=prevSage at 04:52, 29 March 20212021-03-29T04:52:10Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:52, 29 March 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l16">Line 16:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to Northern; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, in reality Old English was not directly related to Gothic as the way Rohirric was to Northern; therefore Tolkien's simulation does not reflect exactly the relationship between these languages but rather their similarity.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==See also==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[[Letter 272]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External links==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External links==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Sagehttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gothic&diff=309253&oldid=prevLorenzoCB: /* External links */ Updated web2020-01-02T13:09:40Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">External links: </span> Updated web</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:09, 2 January 2020</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*{{WP|Gothic language}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">www</del>.jrrvf.com<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/~glaemscrafu</del>/english/gothic.html <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gothic </del>sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">glaemscrafu</ins>.jrrvf.com/english/gothic.html <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Texts and </ins>sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, including some texts by Tolkien</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{references}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{references}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Languages (real-world)]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Languages (real-world)]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[de:Gotische Sprache]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[de:Gotische Sprache]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[fi:Gootin kieli]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[fi:Gootin kieli]]</div></td></tr>
</table>LorenzoCB