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'''''Errantry''''' is a [[Hobbit]] poem which was probably composed by [[Bilbo Baggins]], shortly after his return from the [[Lonely Mountain]] in {{TA|2941}},<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> and probably having heard Elvish tales of the [[First Age]], but without treating them seriously. The attribution to Bilbo is made because of its similarity to the ''[[Song of Eärendil]]'', believed to be a transformed and applied to the legend of [[Eärendil]] version of this poem.<ref name="Preface">{{AB|Preface}}</ref>
'''''Errantry''''' is a [[Hobbit]] poem which was probably composed by [[Bilbo Baggins]], shortly after his return from the [[Lonely Mountain]] in {{TA|2941}},<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> and probably having heard Elvish tales of the [[First Age]], but without treating them seriously. The attribution to Bilbo is made because of its similarity to the ''[[Song of Eärendil]]'', which  is believed to be a version of this poem, transformed and applied to the legend of [[Eärendil]].<ref name="Preface">{{AB|Preface}}</ref>


While it referred to original [[Elvish]] names, they were probably fictitious.
While it referred to original [[Elvish]] names, they were probably fictitious.
Line 6: Line 6:
''Errantry'' was actually one of the cyclical nonsense poems which amused [[Hobbits]], although this one is the longest and most elaborate of the kind found in the [[Red Book]].<ref name="Preface"/>
''Errantry'' was actually one of the cyclical nonsense poems which amused [[Hobbits]], although this one is the longest and most elaborate of the kind found in the [[Red Book]].<ref name="Preface"/>


The poem has complex trisyllabic assonances with an original metre invented by Bilbo, and was obviously proud of them. Such do not appear in other pieces in the Red Book.<ref name="Preface"/>
The poem has complex trisyllabic (near-)assonances<ref name=l133/> with an original metre invented by Bilbo, and was obviously proud of them. Such do not appear in other pieces in the Red Book.<ref name="Preface"/>


==List of words==
Each stanza is supposed to be read first at speed and then slow down to pronounce words with clarity, with the exception of the last stanza that must begin slowly.<ref name=ti/>
Below is a partial list of rare and/or obsolete words used in the poem.<ref>{{AB|Errantry}}</ref>


*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aerie Aerie]'', or an invention that rhymes on ''[[Faerie]]''.
==List of rare words==
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/argosy Argosies]''
Below is a partial list of rare and/or obsolete words used in the poem.
 
*''[[wiktionary:aerie|Aerie]]'', or an invention that rhymes on ''[[Faerie]]''.
*''[[wiktionary:argosy|Argosies]]''
*''[[Belmarie]]''
*''[[Belmarie]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cardamom Cardamom]
*''[[wiktionary:cardamom|Cardamom]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chalcedony Chalcedony]
*''[[wiktionary:chalcedony|Chalcedony]]''
*''[[Derrilyn]]''
*''[[Derrilyn]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dumbledore Dumbledors]'', see also ''[[Dumbledors]]''.
*''[[Dumbledors]]''.
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/errantry Errantry]''
*''[[wiktionary:errantry|Errantry]]''
*''[[Faerie]]''
*''[[Faerie]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/filament Filament]''
*''[[wiktionary:filament|Filament]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foray Foraying]''
*''[[wiktionary:foray|Foraying]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/furbish Furbished]''
*''[[wiktionary:furbish|Furbished]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gondola Gondola]''
*''[[wiktionary:gondola|Gondola]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gossamer Gossamer]''
*''[[wiktionary:gossamer|Gossamer]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/habergeon Habergeon]''
*''[[wiktionary:habergeon|Habergeon]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/honeycomb Honeycomb]''
*''[[wiktionary:honeycomb|Honeycomb]]''
*''[[Hummerhorns]]''
*''[[Hummerhorns]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malachite Malachite]''
*''[[wiktionary:malachite|Malachite]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Marigold Marigold]''
*''[[wiktionary:Marigold|Marigold]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marjoram Marjoram]''
*''[[wiktionary:marjoram|Marjoram]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/morion Morion]''
*''[[wiktionary:morion|Morion]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Paladin Paladins]'', see also ''[[Paladin Took II]]''.
*''[[wiktionary:Paladin|Paladins]]'', see also ''[[Paladin Took II#Etymology]]''.
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panoply Panoply]''
*''[[wiktionary:panoply|Panoply]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plenilune Plenilune]''
*''[[wiktionary:plenilune|Plenilune]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/provender Provender]''
*''[[wiktionary:provender|Provender]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rove Roving]''
*''[[wiktionary:rove|Roving]]''
*''[http://www.answers.com/topic/sigaldry Sigaldry]''
*''[http://www.answers.com/topic/sigaldry Sigaldry]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stalactite Stalactite]''
*''[[wiktionary:stalactite|Stalactite]]''
*''[[Thellamie]]''
*''[[Thellamie]]''
*''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tourney Tourneying]''
*''[[wiktionary:tourney|Tourneying]]''
 


==Inspiration==
==Inspiration==
It is a three-page long poem by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], first published on [[9 November]] [[1933]] in ''The Oxford Magazine''. Tolkien himself considered it his most attractive poem. The meter is his own invention (using trisyllabic assonances or near-assonances) and never wrote another in this style.<ref>{{L|133}}</ref>
Tolkien felt the need to compose the poem in an attempt to use the model of the nursery rhyme ''What is the rhyme to porringer?''<ref name=ti>{{TI|Bilbo}}</ref><ref name=ABcomm>{{AB|Comm}}</ref> The meter is his own invention (using trisyllabic assonances or near-assonances) and never wrote another in this style.<ref name=l133>{{L|133}}</ref> This fact passed into the legendarium, as the Preface to the ''Adventures of Tom Bombadil'' says that Bilbo was probably proud of his meter and used it as a model for ''Earendil''.
 
It is a three-page long poem first published on [[9 November]] [[1933]] in ''The Oxford Magazine''. Tolkien himself considered it his most attractive poem.
==Reception==
Warren Lewis (brother of [[C.S. Lewis]]) found it "excellent in itself" and considered Tolkien's metric invention very interesting and "a real discovery"<ref>''Brothers and Friends: The Diaries of Major Warren Hamilton Lewis'' (1982), p. 126</ref>
 
By [[1950]] the poem became famous outside Tolkien's environment and circulated anonymously in print and "folklore": a lady unknown to Tolkien heard it somewhere and was so taken by the words that traced its origin to the English Universities and ultimately to Tolkien, surprising him. Comparing the version the lady knew against the original, Tolkien noticed that the "hard words" are preserved more in the "oral tradition".<ref name=l133/>


==Usage outside the legendarium==
This poem was set to music by [[Donald Swann]].  The sheet music and an audio recording are part of the song-cycle ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]''.<ref>{{RGEO|Errantry}}</ref>
This poem was set to music by [[Donald Swann]].  The sheet music and an audio recording are part of the song-cycle ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]''.<ref>{{RGEO|Errantry}}</ref>
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Index:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien|Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
* [[Index:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien|Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]

Revision as of 08:03, 23 February 2021

Errantry is a Hobbit poem which was probably composed by Bilbo Baggins, shortly after his return from the Lonely Mountain in T.A. 2941,[1] and probably having heard Elvish tales of the First Age, but without treating them seriously. The attribution to Bilbo is made because of its similarity to the Song of Eärendil, which is believed to be a version of this poem, transformed and applied to the legend of Eärendil.[2]

While it referred to original Elvish names, they were probably fictitious.

Structure

Errantry was actually one of the cyclical nonsense poems which amused Hobbits, although this one is the longest and most elaborate of the kind found in the Red Book.[2]

The poem has complex trisyllabic (near-)assonances[3] with an original metre invented by Bilbo, and was obviously proud of them. Such do not appear in other pieces in the Red Book.[2]

Each stanza is supposed to be read first at speed and then slow down to pronounce words with clarity, with the exception of the last stanza that must begin slowly.[4]

List of rare words

Below is a partial list of rare and/or obsolete words used in the poem.


Inspiration

Tolkien felt the need to compose the poem in an attempt to use the model of the nursery rhyme What is the rhyme to porringer?[4][5] The meter is his own invention (using trisyllabic assonances or near-assonances) and never wrote another in this style.[3] This fact passed into the legendarium, as the Preface to the Adventures of Tom Bombadil says that Bilbo was probably proud of his meter and used it as a model for Earendil.

It is a three-page long poem first published on 9 November 1933 in The Oxford Magazine. Tolkien himself considered it his most attractive poem.

Reception

Warren Lewis (brother of C.S. Lewis) found it "excellent in itself" and considered Tolkien's metric invention very interesting and "a real discovery"[6]

By 1950 the poem became famous outside Tolkien's environment and circulated anonymously in print and "folklore": a lady unknown to Tolkien heard it somewhere and was so taken by the words that traced its origin to the English Universities and ultimately to Tolkien, surprising him. Comparing the version the lady knew against the original, Tolkien noticed that the "hard words" are preserved more in the "oral tradition".[3]

This poem was set to music by Donald Swann. The sheet music and an audio recording are part of the song-cycle The Road Goes Ever On.[7]

See also

References

  1. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age"
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, "Preface"
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 133, (dated 22 June 1952)
  4. 4.0 4.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Treason of Isengard, "V. Bilbo's Song at Rivendell: Errantry and Eärendillinwë"
  5. J.R.R. Tolkien; Christina Scull & Wayne G. Hammond (eds), The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, "Commentary"
  6. Brothers and Friends: The Diaries of Major Warren Hamilton Lewis (1982), p. 126
  7. J.R.R. Tolkien, Donald Swann, The Road Goes Ever On, "Errantry"