https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Radagast+the+Brown&feedformat=atomTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T15:41:33ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Madril&diff=207922Madril2012-08-07T14:26:37Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{adaptation}}<br />
:''Not to be confused with [[Mardil]]''<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Madril<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=[[Rangers of Ithilien|Ranger of Ithilien]]<br />
| realm=[[Ithilien]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{TA|3019}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Osgiliath]]<br />
| age=<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}'''Madril''' was [[Faramir]]'s second in command in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''. He is played by [[John Bach]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Madril was a Ranger of some experience. He helped [[Faramir]] in his ambush of [[Haradrim]] in [[Ithilien]], where they also captured [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. After a short stay at [[Henneth Annûn]], the company moved on to [[Osgiliath]] to reinforce its garrison.<ref>{{tttee}}</ref><br />
<br />
Despite initial doubts, the Orcs held off an attack. Madril sent scouts to [[Cair Andros]] to see if there was any enemy activity in the North. However, the Orcs crossed the [[Anduin]] in Osgiliath with boats, and Faramir's men were caught unawares.<br />
<br />
The orcs overpowered the Gondorian troops, and at Madril's advice, Faramir called for a retreat. During the call, Madril was badly wounded. He was left behind in the evacuation. As he lay dying, [[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]] stabbed him with a spear, killing him outright.<ref>{{rotkee}}</ref><br />
<br />
Madril's name has no Sindarin meaning since it is a transposition of the middle letters of Mardil Voronwë, the first ruling Steward of Gondor.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Men in adaptations]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Madril&diff=206883Madril2012-07-29T16:47:52Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{adaptation}}<br />
:''Not to be confused with: [[Mardil]]''<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Madril<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=[[Rangers of Ithilien|Ranger of Ithilien]]<br />
| realm=[[Ithilien]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{TA|3019}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Osgiliath]]<br />
| age=<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}'''Madril''' was [[Faramir]]'s second in command in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''. He is played by [[John Bach]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Madril is first seen in The Lord of the Rings:The Two Towers. He is amongst the Rangers of Ithilien who capture Frodo and Sam. He is seen discussing battle plans with Faramir within the Ranger's hideout at Henneth Annun.<br />
<br />
When Faramir arrives to reinforce the garrison at Osgiliath, Madril tells him that the number of Orcs patrolling the Eastern Shore is too great, and that by nightfall they will be overrun. He later reminds Faramir that his life will be forfeit if he chooses to release Frodo and Sam, though Faramir still resolves to let them go.<br />
<br />
In The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Madril is amongst the Rangers of Ithilien who are stationed at Osgiliath. On the night of the assault, he informs Faramir that he has sent scouts to Cair Andros, and that if the Orcs attack from the North, they will have some warning. However, the Orcs invade Osgiliath via boats, and Faramir's men are caught unawares.<br />
<br />
It is Madril that tells Faramir that the Men of Gondor cannot hold the Orcs and that the city is lost, when it becomes clear that the Orcs are beginning to overrun the city. Faramir orders a retreat, but Madril is badly injured by an Orc while trying to escape and is left behind as the others flee to Minas Tirith. <br />
<br />
As he lies dying, Gothmog, the lieutenant of Minas Morgul, sees him upon the floor and cruelly impales him with a spear, killing him outright. Gothmog then announces: "The Age of Men is over. The Time of the Orc has come."<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Madril'' is obviously an anagram of the [[canon]]ical name [[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]] (the same way the character [[Irolas]] is derived from [[Iorlas]]) however there is no actual background or etymology behind it.<br />
<br />
[[Games Workshop]] released a metal miniature version of Madril for the ''[[Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''.<br />
==See Also==<br />
* [[Irolas]]<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Men in adaptations]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Madril&diff=206882Madril2012-07-29T16:46:45Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{adaptation}}<br />
:''Not to be confused with: [[Mardil]]''<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Madril<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=[[Rangers of Ithilien|Ranger of Ithilien]]<br />
| realm=[[Ithilien]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{TA|3019}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Osgiliath]]<br />
| age=<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}'''Madril''' was [[Faramir]]'s second in command in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''. He is played by [[John Bach]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Madril is first seen in The Lord of the Rings:The Two Towers. He is amongst the Rangers of Ithilien who capture Frodo and Sam. He is seen discussing battle plans with Faramir in the Ranger's hideout at Henneth Annun.<br />
<br />
When Faramir arrives to reinforce the garrison at Osgiliath, Madril tells him that the number of Orcs patrolling the Eastern Shore is too great, and that by nightfall they will be overrun. He later reminds Faramir that his life will be forfeit if he chooses to release Frodo and Sam, though Faramir still resolves to let them go.<br />
<br />
In The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Madril is amongst the Rangers of Ithilien who are stationed at Osgiliath. On the night of the assault, he informs Faramir that he has sent scouts to Cair Andros, and that if the Orcs attack from the North, they will have some warning. However, the Orcs invade Osgiliath via boats, and Faramir's men are caught unawares.<br />
<br />
It is Madril that tells Faramir that the Men of Gondor cannot hold the Orcs and that the city is lost, when it becomes clear that the Orcs are beginning to overrun the city. Faramir orders a retreat, but Madril is badly injured by an Orc while trying to escape and is left behind as the others flee to Minas Tirith. <br />
<br />
As he lies dying, Gothmog, the lieutenant of Minas Morgul, sees him upon the floor and cruelly impales him with a spear, killing him outright. Gothmog then announces: "The Age of Men is over. The Time of the Orc has come."<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Madril'' is obviously an anagram of the [[canon]]ical name [[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]] (the same way the character [[Irolas]] is derived from [[Iorlas]]) however there is no actual background or etymology behind it.<br />
<br />
[[Games Workshop]] released a metal miniature version of Madril for the ''[[Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''.<br />
==See Also==<br />
* [[Irolas]]<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Men in adaptations]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Madril&diff=206881Madril2012-07-29T16:41:51Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{adaptation}}<br />
:''Not to be confused with: [[Mardil]]''<br />
{{gondorian infobox<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Madril<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=[[Rangers of Ithilien|Ranger of Ithilien]]<br />
| realm=[[Ithilien]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{TA|3019}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Osgiliath]]<br />
| age=<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}'''Madril''' was [[Faramir]]'s second in command in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''. He is played by [[John Bach]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Madril is first seen in The Lord of the Rings:The Two Towers. He is amongst the Rangers of Ithilien who capture Frodo and Sam. He is seen discussing battle plans with Faramir in the Ranger's hideout at Henneth Annun.<br />
<br />
When Faramir arrives to reinforce the garrison at Osgiliath, Madril tells him that the number of Orcs patrolling the Eastern Shore is too great, and that by nightfall they will be overrun. He later reminds Faramir that his life will be forfeit if he chooses to release Frodo and Sam, though Faramir still resolves to let them go.<br />
<br />
In The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Madril is amongst the Rangers of Ithilien who are stationed at Osgiliath. On the night of the assault, he informs Faramir that he has sent scouts to Cair Andros, and that if the Orcs attack from the North, they will have some warning. However, the Orcs invade Osgiliath via boats, and Faramir's men are caught unawares.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Madril'' is obviously an anagram of the [[canon]]ical name [[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]] (the same way the character [[Irolas]] is derived from [[Iorlas]]) however there is no actual background or etymology behind it.<br />
<br />
[[Games Workshop]] released a metal miniature version of Madril for the ''[[Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''.<br />
==See Also==<br />
* [[Irolas]]<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Men in adaptations]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=201734Radagast2012-06-29T10:43:37Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Portrayal in adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. Considering the location of Rhosgobel (Being uncomfortably close to Dol Guldur) it is likely that Radagast had something to do with The White Council's attack on the fortress in T.A. 2941. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. He spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Despite this, Gandalf was actually more knowlegable about the birds and beasts, and was more respected by them than Radagast. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among the wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron. However, what is certain is that he did not achieve the primary task set for him by the Valar, and he did not (for whatever reason) return to Valinor, according to the poem that Tolkien wrote about the Istari.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]]. Although the character is only alluded to in The Hobbit, it is likely that he was involved with The White Council's confrontation with the Necromancer around this time period, considering the location of Rhosgobel in comparison to that of Dol Guldur. Sylvester McCoy has stated that Radagast will have more than just a brief cameo, and Sir Christopher Lee (who plays Saruman) stated that Radagast "has a considerably important part" in the upcoming films.<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=201607Radagast2012-06-27T17:19:20Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. Considering the location of Rhosgobel (Being uncomfortably close to Dol Guldur) it is likely that Radagast had something to do with The White Council's attack on the fortress in T.A. 2941. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. He spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Despite this, Gandalf was actually more knowlegable about the birds and beasts, and was more respected by them than Radagast. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among the wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron. However, what is certain is that he did not achieve the primary task set for him by the Valar, and he did not (for whatever reason) return to Valinor, according to the poem that Tolkien wrote about the Istari.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]]. Although the character is only alluded to in The Hobbit, he may have been involved with The White Council's confrontation with the Necromancer around this time period. Sylvester McCoy has stated that Radagast will have more than just a brief cameo, and Sir Christopher Lee (who plays Saruman) stated that Radagast "has a considerably important part" in the upcoming films.<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=201606Radagast2012-06-27T17:14:46Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. He spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Despite this, Gandalf was actually more knowlegable about the birds and beasts, and was more respected by them than Radagast. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among the wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron. However, what is certain is that he did not achieve the primary task set for him by the Valar, and he did not (for whatever reason) return to Valinor, according to the poem that Tolkien wrote about the Istari.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]]. Although the character is only alluded to in The Hobbit, he may have been involved with The White Council's confrontation with the Necromancer around this time period. Sylvester McCoy has stated that Radagast will have more than just a brief cameo, and Sir Christopher Lee (who plays Saruman) stated that Radagast "has a considerably important part" in the upcoming films.<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=201605Radagast2012-06-27T17:13:58Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. He spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Despite this, Gandalf was actually more knowlegable about the birds and beasts, and was more respected by them than Radagast. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among the wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron. However, what is certain is that he did not achieve the primary task set for him by the Valar, and did not (for whatever reason) return to Valinor, according to the poem that Tolkien wrote about the Istari.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]]. Although the character is only alluded to in The Hobbit, he may have been involved with The White Council's confrontation with the Necromancer around this time period. Sylvester McCoy has stated that Radagast will have more than just a brief cameo, and Sir Christopher Lee (who plays Saruman) stated that Radagast "has a considerably important part" in the upcoming films.<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=201604Radagast2012-06-27T17:13:36Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. He spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Despite this, Gandalf was actually more knowlegable about the birds and beasts, and was more respected by them than Radagast. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among the wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron. However, what is certain is that he did not achieve the primary task set for him by the Valar, and did not (for whatever reason) return to Valinor, according to the poem that Tolkien wrote about the Istari.<br />
<br />
Behind the scenes, Radagast may have been very active during The War of the Ring, using his bird-friends to send messages quickly to the Free Peoples.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]]. Although the character is only alluded to in The Hobbit, he may have been involved with The White Council's confrontation with the Necromancer around this time period. Sylvester McCoy has stated that Radagast will have more than just a brief cameo, and Sir Christopher Lee (who plays Saruman) stated that Radagast "has a considerably important part" in the upcoming films.<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=201603Radagast2012-06-27T17:10:26Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. He spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Despite this, Gandalf was actually more knowlegable about the birds and beasts, and was more respected by them than Radagast. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among the wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron.<br />
<br />
Behind the scenes, Radagast may have been very active during The War of the Ring, using his bird-friends to send messages quickly to the Free Peoples.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]]. Although the character is only alluded to in The Hobbit, he may have been involved with The White Council's confrontation with the Necromancer around this time period. Sylvester McCoy has stated that Radagast will have more than just a brief cameo, and Sir Christopher Lee (who plays Saruman) stated that Radagast "has a considerably important part" in the upcoming films.<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Phil_Proctor&diff=201361Phil Proctor2012-06-25T16:50:38Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Roles */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Philip Proctor''' ([[28 July|July 28]], [[1940]]) is an American voice actor. <br />
<br />
== Roles ==<br />
* [[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'' - Radagast The Brown<br />
* [[2006]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'': King Theoden<br />
* [[2004]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'': King Theoden<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* '''[http://www.planetproctor.com/index2.html Official website]'''<br />
* {{WP|Phil Proctor}}<br />
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0698413/ Phil Proctor] at IMDb<br />
* [http://voicechasers.com/database/showactor.php?actorid=1144 Phil Proctor] at Voice Chasers <br />
<br />
[[Category:Actors and actresses|Proctor, Phil]]<br />
[[Category:American people|Proctor, Phil]]<br />
[[Category:People by name|Proctor, Phil]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Balrogs&diff=196067Balrogs2012-06-13T21:17:34Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{redirect|Balrog|the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog of Moria]] or [[Balrog (band)|bands named Balrog]]}}<br />
{{race<br />
|image=[[Image:Rob_Alexander_-_The_Balrog_of_Moria.jpg|250px]]<br />
|name=Balrogs<br />
|dominions=primarily [[Angband]],<br>[[Moria]] ([[Durin's Bane]])<br />
|languages=<br />
|height= twice the height of a man<br />
|length=<br />
|skincolor=<br />
|haircolor=<br />
|feathers=<br />
|distinctions=Man-like, surrounded by fire and smoke<br />
|lifespan=Immortal<br />
|members=[[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], [[Durin's Bane]]<br />
}}{{Pronounce|Balrog.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Balrogs''', or '''Balrogath''' ("Balrog-kind") were menacing creatures about twice the height of a man consisting of fire and shadow. Balrogs induced great terror in all and were among [[Morgoth]]'s most feared minions during the [[First Age]]. The wizard Gandalf fell fighting a Balrog when the Fellowship escaped [[Moria]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. In the First Age notable Elf Lords [[Ecthelion]] and [[Glorfindel]] each fell fighting separate Balrogs during the sack of [[Gondolin]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Balrogs were originally [[Maiar]] spirits, of the same order as [[Sauron]] and [[Gandalf|Olórin]] (Gandalf), but they were seduced by [[Morgoth]], who corrupted them to his service before the coming of the [[Elves]]. They were originally gathered by him in his ancient fastness of [[Utumno]] during the [[Years of the Lamps]]. When this fortress was destroyed by the [[Valar]], they fled and lurked in the pits of [[Angband]].<br />
<br />
When [[Morgoth|Melkor]] and [[Ungoliant]] escaped from [[Valinor]] many years later with the [[Silmarils]], the Balrogs were still to be found in these pits. Ungoliant trapped Melkor in her webs, demanding the Silmarils for herself, but the Balrogs issued from their hiding-place and rescued their lord.<br />
<br />
When Morgoth's fortress of [[Angband]] was destroyed by the [[Valar]] in the First Age, most Balrogs were destroyed, but some fled and lurked in the pits of Angband or escaped across the [[Blue Mountains]] to eastern [[Middle-earth]]. In the Third Age the Dwarves of [[Khazad-dûm]] unwittingly released a Balrog while mining for ''[[mithril]]'' and were driven out of Moria by the creature. This is the same Balrog that Gandalf ultimately encountered in The Fellowship of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The Balrogs were first encountered by Elves during the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] ("Battle under the Stars") in the First Age. After the victory of the [[Noldor|Noldorin Elves]] over Morgoth's [[Orcs]], the Elf Lord [[Fëanor]] pressed on towards Angband, but Balrogs came against him. He was surrounded by Balrogs and fought long before being mortally wounded by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], Lord of Balrogs (the only Balrog known by name). Though Feanor's sons fought off the demons of fire, Fëanor died of his wounds soon after, and his spirit departed for the [[Halls of Mandos]].<br />
<br />
Just one Balrog appears after the First Age in Tolkien's writings. If Sauron had any in his service during the [[Second Age]] or the [[War of the Ring]], they were never revealed. The sole Balrog described by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] after the [[War of Wrath]] was [[Durin's Bane]]. It is possible that it was the last Balrog in [[Middle-earth]].<br />
<br />
After the last battle of the First Age some Balrogs escaped the [[Valar]]'s wrath and hid deep underground inaccessible at the roots of the earth.<br />
<br />
Of the 'few' that remained only one, '[[Durin's Bane]],' was revealed in the process. Thus there may be other Balrogs lurking in Middle-Earth.<br />
<br />
== Other versions of the Legendarium ==<br />
In one of Tolkien's early Middle-earth writings, ''[[Lay of the Children of Húrin]]'', "[[Lungorthin]], Lord of Balrogs" is mentioned. It is not, however, certain if it was another name for Gothmog, or it simply meant "a Balrog lord". According to [[Christopher Tolkien]], the latter is more probable, as the name Gothmog was mentioned in the earliest Middle-earth writings, as well as the final version of Tolkien's mythology.<br />
<br />
The Balrogs were originally envisioned as being immense in number:<br />
{{quote|The early conception of Balrogs makes them less terrible, and certainly more destructible, than they afterwards became: they existed in 'hundreds' (p. 170), and were slain by [[Tuor]] and the [[Gondolin|Gondothlim]] in large numbers: "thus five fell before Tuor's great axe [[Dramborleg]], three before [[Ecthelion]]'s sword, and two score were slain by the warriors of the king's house.|''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', commentary by Christopher Tolkien on "The Fall of Gondolin"}}<br />
{{quote|There came wolves and serpents and there came Balrogs one thousand, and there came Glomund the Father of Dragons.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', ''Quenta Silmarillion'', Chapter 16, §15}}<br />
<br />
As the [[legendarium]] became more formidable and internally consistent, and the Balrogs more terrible, this number was much reduced. In the end Tolkien stated that there were probably "at most" seven Balrogs:<br />
{{quote|In the margin my father wrote: 'There should not be supposed more than say 3 or at most 7 ever existed.'|''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', Section 2 (AAm*): note 50}}<br />
<br />
It should however be noted that these texts postdate the published ''The Lord of the Rings'', but predate the materials from which the published ''The Silmarillion'' was drawn. The exact number of Balrogs is therefore very uncertain, but Tolkien's note above seems to have been his final word. However, the number of 3 would require the rewriting of much of ''The Silmarillion'', and even the number of 7 causes conflicts. At least two Balrogs were killed at Gondolin. Others were destroyed during the [[War of Wrath]], and the Balrog that ultimately became Durin's Bane fled from that battle unnoticed. While "thousands" clearly is not according to the author's intent a more probable number, taking into account the writings, is that there were at least a dozen.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Balrog is [[Sindarin]] for "Demon of Might" from ''[[balan|bal-]]'', "power" and ''[[raug]], [[rog]]'', "demon".<br />
<br />
The [[Quenya]] form '''''[[Valarauko]]''''' points to a possible [[Primitive Quendian]] form *''balaraukô''.<br />
<br />
In the earlier [[The Etymologies|Etymologies]], the word Balrog was derived from ''[[ñgwalaraukô]]'',<ref>{{HM|LR}}, [[The Etymologies]], RUK</ref> but this is inconsistent with Quenya ''Valarauko''.<br />
<br />
A list of [[Old English]] equivalents of [[Elvish]] words, glosses ''[[Balrogs|Balrog]]'' as having the equivalent ''Bealuwearg'' and ''Bealubroga''. As noted by [[Christopher Tolkien]], the Old English word contains the elements ''bealu'' ("evil"; as in ''bale(ful)'') and ''wearg'' ("wolf, outlaw") or ''broga'' ("terror").<ref>{{SM|QA1}}, p. 209</ref><br />
<br />
== Portrayal in Adaptations ==<br />
<center><gallery><br />
Image:Peter Jackson's Balrog.jpg|<center>A Balrog as envisioned in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]</center><br />
Image:Thaurlach.jpg|<center>The Balrog Thaurlach from [[The Lord of the Rings Online]]</center><br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
If adaptations were to be counted as canon, the matter of Balrog wings would be decided.<br />
<br />
'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''<br />
:The Balrog has wings and appears capable of limited flight. The head resembles a lion but the rest of the body was rendered in matte black, a technique commonly used for shadowy surreal effect in rotoscope animation.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:Durin's Bane has wings, albeit wings that were purely decorative as the Balrog could not fly. [[Peter Jackson|Jackson]]'s Demon of Might was indistinct, a real blend of shadow and fire. Only its horned head, cloven feet, and clawed hands could clearly be seen.<br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The Balrog has, once again, wings. The fight sequence, in which the player is Gandalf, takes considerably longer: only after a short fight on the bridge does Gandalf let it collapse. <br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''<br />
:The chase up the [[Endless Stair]] and the slime Balrog were omitted due to budget constraints. However, part of Gandalf's battle with the Balrog is shown at the beginning of the film, and the fight atop Zirak-Zigil is seen in a flashback after Gandalf's return.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring|Sierra's The War of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:Balrog is the most powerful magical power available to Servants of Sauron. They have horns and wings.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'':'''<br />
:The players assist Gandalf in his fight with the Balrog.<br />
<br />
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''<br />
:Balrog is the most powerful magical power available to both Mordor an Isengard faction. Visual appearance follows the movie version.<br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:Unlike the original game, Balrog is not available to Isengard faction, but only to Mordor and the new Goblin factions.<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Durin's Bane can be observed in two "session plays" (player character not present): one depicts the awakening of the Balrog by Dwarves under [[Durin]] VI, the other depicts dwarves of [[Balin]]'s company fleeing from the ancient evil. After Gandalf defeats him, the lifeless body of [[Durin's Bane]] can be found on the slopes of [[Zirakzigil]]. Despite the players knowing the Balrog dead, another Servant of Sauron tests their will and fears, by portraying an illusion of it. In the illusion, the fight between Gandalf and the Balrog on the [[Endless Stair]] is recreated, until it ends the opposite way of the actual event: the Balrog defeats the Wizard, throwing his lifeless body from Zirakzigil. Players have to defeat the Balrog in order to combat the illusion.<br />
:The game also features another Balrog: named Thaurlach, he can be found in the Rift of Nûrz Ghâshu, where [[Angmar]] meets [[Misty Mountains]]. He fled there are the breaking of [[Tangorodrim]], but was followed by end elf-maiden Glathlírel who was determined to end him. The Balrog eluded her for millenia, until she was able to face him in combat and defeat him. Rather than kill the Balrog, the two Blue Wizards decided to imprison him in the Rift, so that he could await his judgment at the end of days. However, by the end of the Third Age his chains were losing and a band of players was send to defeat the weakened Balrog - something, that as Gandalf remarked, should have been done ages ago.<br />
<br />
'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''<br />
:Balrog is one of the "heroes" available to Servants of Sauron during evil campaign. Appearance reflects the movie version.<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Balrogs|Images of Balrogs]]<br />
* [[Balrogs/Wings]]<br />
<br />
{{ainur}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
* {{S|Vala}}<br />
* {{S|Captivity}}<br />
* {{S|Flight}}<br />
* {{FR|Bridge}}<br />
== External Links ==<br />
* Conrad Dunkerson, ''[http://tolkien.slimy.com/essays/TAB.html The Truth About Balrogs]''<br />
[[Category:Balrogs]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[de:Balrog]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:ainur:maiar:balrogs]]<br />
[[fi:Balrogit]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ro%C3%A4c&diff=194910Roäc2012-06-12T20:49:52Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Portrayal in adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:John Howe - Thorin and Roac.jpg|thumb|Sketch of Roäc and Thorin by [[John Howe]]]]<br />
<br />
'''Roäc''' was the chief of the [[ravens]] of [[Ravenhill]] near [[Erebor]].<ref name=H15>{{H|15}}</ref><br />
==History==<br />
<br />
While [[Thorin and Company]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]] were keeping watch on Erebor, an old [[thrushes|thrush]] summoned Roäc. Being able to speak [[Westron]], the raven delivered the news that [[Smaug]] had been killed. Roäc agreed to bring a message to [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]] from [[Thorin|Thorin]], a call for help in guarding the treasures of Erebor in the wake of war.<ref name=H15/> However, Roäc also gave a piece of advice to Thorin, warning him that "''the treasure is likely to be your death''".<ref name=H16>{{H|16}}</ref><br />
<br />
Roäc was the son of [[Carc]], and as such "''a descendant of those'' [ravens] ''that had remained on the hill even after Smaug had driven out their old allies, the [[Dwarves]]"''.<ref>Mark Fisher, "[http://www.glyphweb.com/ARDA/r/roac.html Roäc: The old raven of Ravenhill]" at [[Encyclopedia of Arda]] (accessed 4 December 2010)</ref> When he met Thorin and Company in [[Third Age 2941]], Roäc was marked by age, being one hundred and fifty-three years old.<ref name=H15/> He was thus apparently born in [[Third Age 2788]].<!-- no reference for this claim, just counting (User:Morgan) --><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
<br />
''Roäc'' is likely an [[Wikipedia:Onomatopoeia|onomatopoeic]] name.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 316</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
<br />
In Celtic mythology, ravens are often associated with warfare and the battleground (especially in Irish mythology). In Welsh mythology, ravens figure as the army of King Arthur's knight Owain.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven_in_mythology#Celtic_mythology Raven in mythology: Celtic mythology] at [http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia] (accessed 4 December 2010)</ref> ''See also: [[Ravens#Inspiration|Ravens: Inspiration]]''<br />
<br />
In ''[[The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún]]'', a raven and a finch speak five of the verses,<ref>{{HM|SG}}, pp. 116-117, 214-215</ref> reminiscent of Roäc and the old thrush.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[Image:Roäc the Raven.jpg|thumb|150px|''Roäc the Raven'' by [[Mark Poole]]]]<br />
<br />
'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]'':'''<br />
:Roäc comes to the Dwarves after Smaug's death. He is voiced by [[John Wyse]].<br />
<br />
'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]'':'''<br />
:"Rwaak son of Kwaak" informs the Dwarves of Smaugs demise. He is voiced by an uncredited [[Pat Franklyn]].<br />
<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: Roäc, a level 6 Raven, is given game statistics and a short description.<ref>{{ICE|2012}}, pp. 26, 138</ref><br />
<br />
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''<br />
: "Roäc the Raven" is a Diplomat Ally, playable at any site in Northern Rhovanion.<br />
'''2012-2013: The Hobbit films'''<br />
<br />
So far, it is unknown whether the character will feature in the films, and whether he will speak. If he does feature, it will likely be in the second film, and he will probably be CGI.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Roäc|Images of Roäc]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Ravens]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[de:Roac]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/animaux/corbeaux/roac]]<br />
[[fi:Roäc]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ro%C3%A4c&diff=194909Roäc2012-06-12T20:49:02Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Portrayal in adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:John Howe - Thorin and Roac.jpg|thumb|Sketch of Roäc and Thorin by [[John Howe]]]]<br />
<br />
'''Roäc''' was the chief of the [[ravens]] of [[Ravenhill]] near [[Erebor]].<ref name=H15>{{H|15}}</ref><br />
==History==<br />
<br />
While [[Thorin and Company]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]] were keeping watch on Erebor, an old [[thrushes|thrush]] summoned Roäc. Being able to speak [[Westron]], the raven delivered the news that [[Smaug]] had been killed. Roäc agreed to bring a message to [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]] from [[Thorin|Thorin]], a call for help in guarding the treasures of Erebor in the wake of war.<ref name=H15/> However, Roäc also gave a piece of advice to Thorin, warning him that "''the treasure is likely to be your death''".<ref name=H16>{{H|16}}</ref><br />
<br />
Roäc was the son of [[Carc]], and as such "''a descendant of those'' [ravens] ''that had remained on the hill even after Smaug had driven out their old allies, the [[Dwarves]]"''.<ref>Mark Fisher, "[http://www.glyphweb.com/ARDA/r/roac.html Roäc: The old raven of Ravenhill]" at [[Encyclopedia of Arda]] (accessed 4 December 2010)</ref> When he met Thorin and Company in [[Third Age 2941]], Roäc was marked by age, being one hundred and fifty-three years old.<ref name=H15/> He was thus apparently born in [[Third Age 2788]].<!-- no reference for this claim, just counting (User:Morgan) --><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
<br />
''Roäc'' is likely an [[Wikipedia:Onomatopoeia|onomatopoeic]] name.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 316</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
<br />
In Celtic mythology, ravens are often associated with warfare and the battleground (especially in Irish mythology). In Welsh mythology, ravens figure as the army of King Arthur's knight Owain.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven_in_mythology#Celtic_mythology Raven in mythology: Celtic mythology] at [http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia] (accessed 4 December 2010)</ref> ''See also: [[Ravens#Inspiration|Ravens: Inspiration]]''<br />
<br />
In ''[[The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún]]'', a raven and a finch speak five of the verses,<ref>{{HM|SG}}, pp. 116-117, 214-215</ref> reminiscent of Roäc and the old thrush.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[Image:Roäc the Raven.jpg|thumb|150px|''Roäc the Raven'' by [[Mark Poole]]]]<br />
<br />
'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]'':'''<br />
:Roäc comes to the Dwarves after Smaug's death. He is voiced by [[John Wyse]].<br />
<br />
'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]'':'''<br />
:"Rwaak son of Kwaak" informs the Dwarves of Smaugs demise. He is voiced by an uncredited [[Pat Franklyn]].<br />
<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: Roäc, a level 6 Raven, is given game statistics and a short description.<ref>{{ICE|2012}}, pp. 26, 138</ref><br />
<br />
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''<br />
: "Roäc the Raven" is a Diplomat Ally, playable at any site in Northern Rhovanion.<br />
2012-2013: The Hobbit films<br />
So far, it is unknown whether the character will feature in the films, and whether he will speak. If he does feature, it will likely be in the second film, and he will probably be CGI.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Roäc|Images of Roäc]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Ravens]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[de:Roac]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/animaux/corbeaux/roac]]<br />
[[fi:Roäc]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gandalf&diff=194908Gandalf2012-06-12T20:22:36Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Coming to Middle-earth */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Countdown}}<br />
{{disambig-more|Gandalf|[[Gandalf (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Roger Thomasson - Gandalf.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Gandalf<br />
| othernames=The Grey, The White, [[Gandalf/Names#Olórin|Olórin]], [[Gandalf/Names#Mithrandir|Mithrandir]], [[Gandalf/Names#Incánus|Incánus]], [[Gandalf/Names#Tharkûn|Tharkûn]], [[Gandalf/Names#The White Rider|The White Rider]], [[Gandalf/Names#Greyhame|Gandalf Greyhame]], [[Gandalf/Names#Stormcrow|Stormcrow]], [[Gandalf#Etymology|Wand-elf]], [[Gandalf/Names#Láthspell|Láthspell]]<br />
| coming=[[Third Age 1000|T.A. 1000]]<ref name="Istari">{{UT|Istari}}</ref><br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Died/Reborn [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]], sailed back to [[Aman]] [[Third Age 3021|T.A. 3021]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes=Grey, later White<br />
| hair=Grey<br />
| appearance=Bent old man (approx 5'6")<ref name="MB">{{HM|MB}}, page 49</ref> with long beard and eyebrows<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>}}{{Pronounce|Gandalf.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Quenya - Olórin.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Gandalf was shorter in stature than the [[Elrond|other]] [[Glorfindel|two]]; but his long white hair, his sweeping silver beard, and his broad shoulders, made him look like some wise king of ancient legend. In his aged face under great snowy brows his eyes were set like coals that could suddenly burst into fire.|"[[Many Meetings]]"<ref name="Meetings"/>}}<br />
<br />
'''Gandalf''' was one of the five [[Istari]] sent to [[Middle-earth]] by the [[Valar]] in the [[Third Age]]. In [[Valinor]] he was known as Olórin. Gandalf was instrumental in bringing about the demise of [[Sauron]] in [[Third Age 3019|3019]], chiefly by encouraging others and dispensing his wisdom at pivotal times. Gandalf was originally robed in grey, and second to [[Saruman]] in the Order of [[wizards]]. After his fall in Moria, Gandalf returned to Middle-earth as head of the Order, robed in white. Gandalf was noteworthy for his keen interest in [[Hobbits]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Coming to Middle-earth===<br />
<br />
Olórin was a [[Maiar|Maia]] who dwelt in the [[Lórien in Valinor|gardens]] of [[Irmo]] in Valinor.<ref>{{S|Vala}}</ref> As a pupil of [[Nienna]], Olórin was said to be the wisest of the Maiar; he learned pity and patience from his teacher. When the Valar chose five emissaries, the [[Istari]], from among the Maiar to go to [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Third Age]], [[Manwë]] selected Olórin. At first, Olorin did not wish to go, and said that he feared Sauron. However, Manwe said that that was all the more reason why he should go.<ref name="Istari"/> The other four were Saruman, [[Radagast]], [[Pallando]], and [[Alatar]]. These messengers were to assist the free peoples in opposing [[Sauron]], who still existed as a 'dark spirit of malice' despite his body's destruction in the downfall of [[Númenor]]. Furthermore, [[the One Ring]], the location of much of Sauron's power, presumably still existed somewhere in Middle-earth. Olórin submitted to the will of Manwë, and departed Valinor to [[Mithlond]] in the year T.A. 1000.<ref name="Istari"/> He arrived after the others at about the same time the [[Necromancer]] appeared in [[Mirkwood]].<br />
<br />
At Mithlond he was welcomed by [[Glorfindel]], his friend from Valinor, sent earlier on a similar mission, and [[Círdan]] the shipwright, who possessed [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings|Three Elven Rings]] of power. Círdan divined in Olórin a sense of strength and power despite his appearance as a bent and aged old man. Círdan gave Narya to Olórin, with a prediction of his future struggles with evil, and a promise that it would support and aid him in his labors. Then Círdan said "''But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the last ship sails. I will await you.''"<ref name="ThirdAge">{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
Olórin then began his sojourn in Middle-earth. He was known by many names during the long years he remained in Middle-earth: Elves named him ''[[Gandalf/Names#Mithrandir|Mithrandir]]'', the Grey Pilgrim, while the men of [[Arnor]] named him Gandalf, which became his most common name. He was also known as ''[[Gandalf/Names#Incánus|Incánus]]'' (in the south), and ''[[Gandalf/Names#Tharkûn|Tharkûn]]'' to the [[Dwarves]].<ref name="Istari"/><br />
<br />
[[Image:John Howe - Gandalf the Grey.jpg|right|200px|thumb|''Gandalf the Grey'' by [[John Howe]]]]Gandalf, like the other Wizards, took the shape of an old man. He was robed in gray and went about as a wanderer and counselor. Unlike Saruman, Gandalf did not go east and did not take up a single permanent residence. Gandalf apparently restricted his activities to the North-west of Middle-earth, where the remnants of the [[Dúnedain]] and the [[Eldar]] remained to oppose Sauron.<br />
<br />
===Early Vigilance===<br />
<br />
Around [[Third Age 1100|1100]],<ref name="ThirdAge"/> the Istari and the Eldar discovered that some evil entity resided at [[Dol Guldur]] in Mirkwood. Dark shapes moved in the forest and evil began to multiply in the woods. Some thought a [[Nazgûl]] had returned to torment the world, or some new evil was arising. Gandalf was unsure, and feared that perhaps Sauron himself might have returned.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
Over the next two hundred years the evil continued to grow, as well as the source directing it. [[Orcs]] were multiplying in the [[Misty Mountains]] and elsewhere. The [[Witch-king]], the mightiest of the Nazgûl, had built a fortress in [[Angmar]] in the Northern wastelands and waged unending war against the Kingdom of Arnor. Meanwhile [[Moria]] and [[Minas Ithil]] fell under a shadow, while other wars, plagues, and catastrophes occurred across Middle-earth. Gandalf went to Dol Guldur in [[Third Age 2063|2063]] to discover its secret.<ref name="ThirdAge"/> An entity known only as the '[[Necromancer]]' fled before him and Gandalf could not discover his identity.<ref name="Rings"/> Afterwards, the evil there seemed to desist, and the era of the [[Watchful Peace]] began.<br />
<br />
This peace lasted for almost four hundred years, but the Necromancer again returned to Dol Guldur in [[Third Age 2460|2460]].<ref name="ThirdAge"/> In response, the Wise formed the [[White Council]] three years later. Though [[Galadriel]], bearer of one of the Three Elven Rings and mighty among the Eldar, wished Gandalf to be the chief of the Council, it was in the end Saruman who took this place-- because of his vast knowledge, but also because Gandalf refused this position, wishing to set down no roots and to maintain his independence.<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
[[Image:John Howe - Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur'' by [[John Howe]]]]In [[Third Age 2850|2850]], Gandalf again entered Dol Guldur, this time in secrecy.<ref name="ThirdAge"/> There he found out many things. First and foremost, the Necromancer was no Nazgûl – it was Sauron himself. Also, Gandalf found [[Thráin II|Thráin]], a dwarf of the royal line of [[Erebor]], in the dungeons. The last of the [[Seven Rings]] of the Dwarves had been taken from him; Sauron was gathering the remaining [[Rings of Power]] and possibly searching for his lost One Ring.<br />
<br />
Gandalf escaped Dol Guldur and returned to the White Council.<ref name="Rings"/> After relating his discoveries, he urged the council to attack Sauron while the One Ring was still lost and Sauron's power immature. But Saruman said that it was better to watch and wait; that the One Ring had long ago rolled from [[Anduin]] to the Sea. The majority of the council agreed with Saruman. [[Elrond]] Half-elven, a powerful member of the council, later privately told Gandalf he had a foreboding that the Ring would be found, and that the war to end the age was coming. Indeed, he added, he feared that it would end in darkness and despair. Gandalf encouraged him, saying there were many "strange chances," and that, "''help oft shall come from the hands of the weak''". Gandalf did not yet realize that Saruman now wanted the ring for himself and was secretly searching for it along the banks of river Anduin.<br />
<br />
===The Quest for Erebor===<br />
<br />
In [[Third Age 2941|2941]],<ref name="ThirdAge"/> Gandalf happened across the dwarf lord [[Thorin]] while staying the night in [[Bree]].<ref name="Erebor">{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Thorin initiated conversation; he had been having a strange feeling urging him to seek Gandalf. Gandalf was intrigued, for he had thought to seek Thorin as well. They found they were taking the same road for a while (Thorin passing through the Shire on his way to the [[Ered Luin]]), and they agreed to travel together. Thorin wanted advice, and Gandalf wanted to discuss the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]] with Thorin.<br />
<br />
Ultimately, Gandalf concocted a plan wherein Thorin could destroy Smaug and recover his family fortune, albeit with a "burglar" of Gandalf's own choosing. Gandalf had a feeling that a Hobbit should be involved, and he remembered an adventuresome Hobbit named [[Bilbo Baggins]] he had met some years before. By this time, however, Bilbo was far from "adventuresome".<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> In the end Gandalf convinced the reluctant Baggins to become a burglar for Thorin. Gandalf then accompanied [[Thorin and Company]] to [[Rivendell]]. During the journey Gandalf obtained a sword known as [[Glamdring]] from a [[troll]]-hoard; Gandalf bore it for the rest of his life.<ref name="Mutton">{{H|Mutton}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gandalf helped Thorin and Company through the [[Misty Mountains]], saving them several times from orcs and other calamities. It was during this time that Bilbo obtained a "magic ring".<ref name="Riddles">{{H|Riddles}}</ref> Bilbo initially claimed he "won" it from the creature "[[Gollum]]" while the company was under the Misty Mountains.<ref name="Pan">{{H|Pan}}</ref> The ring conferred invisibility on Bilbo when he wore it, and he kept it secret from Gandalf for some time. Gandalf, for his part, found himself amazed by the hobbit; until then the wise had paid no attention to hobbits and knew little of them. For the rest of his sojourn in Middle-earth, Gandalf took a special interest in hobbits, and particularly in the Baggins family. <br />
<br />
Gandalf left the quest prior to its completion, yet the quest was successful: Smaug was killed,<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref> and the Orcs and [[Wargs]] of the [[Misty Mountains]] were defeated by an alliance of the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], the men of Dale, and the [[Nandor]] Elves of Mirkwood in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref> Gandalf had accomplished his immediate goal, which was to destroy Smaug, who could have been used to disastrous effect by Sauron. A large number of Orcs and Wargs also were killed in the North, removing threats to Rivendell and Lothlórien.<ref name="Erebor"/><br />
<br />
===The War of the Ring===<br />
====The Return of the Shadow====<br />
<br />
Gandalf had left Thorin and Company before reaching the edge of [[Mirkwood]] to attend a White Council meeting in the South. The Council was meeting under the gravest of circumstances: Sauron's vast power was returning, even without his ring. Gandalf at last convinced the Council to attack Dol Guldur. Even Saruman was willing by this time, for now he feared Sauron as a rival, and wished to delay Sauron's search for the Ring. The Council put forth its strength and drove Sauron from Mirkwood.<br />
<br />
Despite the Council's hopes, Sauron was not weakened by this attack. He had foreseen the move that drove him from Mirkwood, and his retreat was but a feint. Ten years after he was driven out of Mirkwood, Sauron declared himself openly in Mordor in 2951 and rebuilt the [[Barad-dûr]]. Sauron then began reassembling his forces for the final blow against the hated remnants of Númenor and the Eldar still in Middle-earth. Sauron ordered armies of [[Easterlings]] from Khand and beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]] to reinforce his stronghold in [[Mordor]]; they were further reinforced by armies of men from South Harad. Orcs, trolls, and other foul beasts were multiplying in Mordor; Sauron's minions also were searching the Anduin for any sign of his precious One Ring. Despite the terror they induced, in 3018 Sauron sent the Nazgûl north to search for his ring as well.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Darrell Sweet - The Arrival of Gandalf.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''The Arrival of Gandalf'' by [[Darrell Sweet]]]] <br />
<br />
During this period Gandalf visited the Shire frequently, especially his friend Bilbo Baggins, and Baggins's nephew, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. He noted Bilbo's unusual youthfulness, despite his advancing age; the suspicious "[[One Ring|magic ring]]" that Bilbo had acquired during his adventure began to weigh on his mind. Gandalf recalled the deceit Bilbo used in originally claiming it for his own-- Bilbo had later admitted to stealing it from [[Gollum]]. Gandalf could see that Bilbo was now very preoccupied with the ring. Such un-hobbitlike behaviour aroused his suspicions; he convinced Bilbo to pass the ring on to Frodo. He then emphatically warned Frodo not to use it; Gandalf had begun to suspect that the "magic ring" was indeed a ring of power.<br />
<br />
Gandalf met [[Aragorn]], the hidden heir of Arnor, in [[Third Age 2956|2956]], and soon became friends with him. From that point on Aragorn and Gandalf often worked together towards a common end-- the defeat of Sauron.<br />
Keen now to find out more about Gollum, he went to Aragorn, and with his help captured Gollum. With Gollum's tale, and the records in [[Minas Tirith]], he pieced together the missing history of the One Ring in [[Third Age 3017|3017]]. A great fear came over him when he learned that Gollum had been to the Barad-dûr. Sauron had tortured Gollum and learned not only of the "magic ring", but also the names "Shire" and "Baggins". Gandalf now returned in haste to the Shire, certain that Frodo's ring was not simply a ring of power: it was the One Ruling Ring of Sauron.<br />
<br />
====The Treachery of Saruman====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Gandalf Escapes Upon Gwaihir.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Gandalf escapes upon Gwaihir'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]After Gandalf’s fears were confirmed, he returned to the Shire and advised Frodo to leave as soon as possible, promising to return before a farewell party for Bilbo in autumn of that year ([[Third Age 3018|3018]]), and to escort him to Rivendell. Gandalf also told Frodo about the creature Gollum, to which Frodo exclaimed that he should have been killed. Gandalf speculated that perhaps Gollum would have a part to play before the end, and in any case, it was not for them to decide who should live and who should die. He then set out to seek the advice of Saruman, supposedly still the head of the order.<br />
<br />
Hearing disturbing news from [[Radagast]], he gave [[Barliman Butterbur]] a letter for Frodo (which was never delivered) urging him to act without hesitation. Soon thereafter he arrived at Isengard. At their meeting, Saruman at last revealed his desire for the One Ring. He offered to his "''old friend and helper''" that they take the Ring for themselves and seize power from Sauron. Gandalf rejected this with horror, and was imprisoned by Saruman on the pinnacle of [[Orthanc]]. [[Gwaihir]], chief of the Eagles, soon arrived and helped Gandalf escape. Gandalf knew he must return quickly to the Shire, as Frodo (and the ring) were in grave danger from both Sauron's Nazgûl and now Saruman's treacherous desire for the ring.<br />
<br />
Gandalf hurriedly went to [[Rohan]], desiring to find a strong steed; there he obtained [[Shadowfax]] from King [[Théoden]], who later resented the gift. This lord of horses and Gandalf forged a special bond, and Gandalf made quick use of Shadowfax's incredible strength and endurance.<br />
<br />
Gandalf sped to the Shire. Fortunately, Frodo had already left the Shire without waiting for Gandalf, and was seeking the refuge of [[Rivendell]]. Upon arrival Gandalf learned that the Nazgûl, arrayed as [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]], had been searching the area. Dismayed, he set out for Bree, but fortunately found there that Frodo had recently left the town with "Strider", the local name for Aragorn: a hope which far exceeded his expectations. Gandalf then made for [[Weathertop]], a high point in the region, to observe the surrounding area. There he was assaulted at night by the Nazgûl, but drove them off after a great battle of light and flame. He then went directly to Rivendell, where he welcomed Glorfindel, Aragorn and the hobbits upon their arrival several days later, Frodo being sorely wounded but still in possession of the ring.<br />
<br />
====The Fellowship of the Ring====<br />
<br />
Elrond called a [[Council of Elrond|council]] after Frodo was healed to consider the momentous decision regarding the ring. By chance, representatives of most of the free peoples happened to be in Rivendell already for various reasons. Elrond and Gandalf advised that the Ring should be destroyed in the fires of [[Orodruin]], where it was made. Others dissented or objected, but eventually submitted to Gandalf's plan. Ultimately, Elrond appointed the Fellowship of the Ring as nine walkers, numerically set against Sauron's nine Nazgûl. The relatively small number reflected the realization by Elrond and the other council members that the quest of Mount Doom would not rely upon strength of arms, but on stealth and good fortune. Gandalf was chosen to lead the company, which included [[Aragorn]], [[Boromir]], [[Legolas]] the Elf, [[Gimli]] the Dwarf, and the hobbits Frodo Baggins, [[Samwise Gamgee]], [[Peregrin Took]], and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]].<br />
<br />
Several obstacles stood in the company's way. The vast [[Misty Mountains]] had to be crossed, for Gandalf was determined not to lead the company near [[Isengard]]. Gandalf decided to take a southern route to the [[Redhorn Pass]] and there to cross the [[Misty Mountains]] near [[Caradhras]], thereby traversing the mountain range and avoiding Isengard. When this attempt failed due to a terrible storm he then decided to take the Fellowship through the ruins of Moria, where the remains of the great Dwarf city of [[Khazad-dûm]] was now a labyrinth of tunnels under the mountains. Others in the company were loathe enter the maze, as it was now the lair of orcs and something known only as "Durin's Bane".<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - At the Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''At the Bridge'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]At the [[Doors of Durin]] on the west side of the mountains, Gandalf, after some delay, spoke the password and led the company into the dark. Having been in Moria on an earlier perilous errand, he was somewhat familiar with the underground passages. Eventually the party came to the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]], where Gandalf read the [[Book of Mazarbul|Book of Records]], which revealed the fate of [[Balin]], the leader of an ill-fated attempt to re-colonize Moria. Soon after, the party was attacked by orcs, and forced to flee the chamber. By then Gandalf was well aware of their location, and he led the party quickly towards the eastern exit.<br />
<br />
Unfortunately [[Durin's Bane]] caught up to the group at the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]. Gandalf and Legolas immediately realized what it was: a [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Morgoth]], a servant of the first dark lord. In a spectacular display of bravery Gandalf faced the demon and broke the bridge both stood upon, leaving the beast to fall into a seemingly bottomless chasm. But the Balrog's whip lashed out and grasped Gandalf by the ankle, pulling him down. Clinging to the edge of the passageway, Gandalf shouted "Fly, you fools" and vanished into the abyss.<ref name=bridge>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Image:John Howe - Zirak-zigil.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Zirak-zigil'' by [[John Howe]]]]Yet Gandalf did not die; he and the Balrog fought long in the bowels and deep places of Arda. Gandalf finally pursued the beast up the [[Endless Stair]] to the peak of [[Celebdil]], where he [[Battle of the Peak|fought the demon]] for two days and nights. The Balrog had burst into flame anew when it exited the stairs; ice, wind, and smoke swirled about them as they dueled. Gandalf used his last measure of strength to slay the Balrog, throwing him down the mountainside in ruin. Gandalf's spirit then left his body, having sacrificed himself to save the Fellowship.<br />
<br />
====Gandalf the White====<br />
But Gandalf's spirit did not depart Middle-earth forever at this time. As the only one of the five Istari to stay true to his errand, Olórin/Gandalf was sent back to mortal lands by [[Ilúvatar|Eru]], and he became Gandalf once again. Yet, as he was now the sole emissary of the Valar to Middle-earth, he was granted the power to "reveal" more of his inner [[Maiar]] strength. This naked power that lay within him was seldom used during the remainder of his time in Middle-earth, as his mission was essentially the same: to support and succor those who opposed Sauron. Nevertheless, when Gandalf's wrath was kindled his "unveiled" strength was such that few of Sauron's servants could withstand him.<br />
<br />
As he lay naked on the mountaintop, the great eagle [[Gwaihir]] came up and bore him to [[Lothlórien]], where he was clothed and replenished, and given a new staff by [[Galadriel]]. Gandalf soon learned that Frodo and Sam had left the Fellowship and were attempting the quest of Mount Doom alone. As Frodo was beyond his assistance now, Gandalf promptly went south to [[Fangorn Forest]], where he met the [[Three Hunters]]: [[Aragorn]], [[Legolas]], and [[Gimli]], and gave them messages from Galadriel. Then he called forth [[Shadowfax]], and rode with them to [[Edoras]]. There he found that Saruman's spy [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] had deceived King [[Théoden]] into hopeless impotence. Gandalf quickly deposed Wormtongue and encouraged Théoden to ride west to war against [[Saruman]]. Gandalf by now was keenly aware that the great war to end the age was beginning; if Saruman conquered Rohan then Gondor would be alone with enemies on all sides.<br />
<br />
At Gandalf's encouragement King Théoden went west to Helm's Deep where he was quickly besieged; Gandalf then searched for [[Erkenbrand]] and the forces of the [[Westfold]], which he later found and led to the Deep, thus breaking the siege. Meanwhile, the [[Ents]] (along with the hobbits Merry and Pippin) moved against Saruman and sent [[Huorns]] against the orcs, resulting in the utter ruin of the outer walls of [[Isengard]] and the complete annihilation of Saruman's orcs. After the battle, Gandalf went to [[Orthanc]] with Théoden, Aragorn, and a small group. There Saruman rejected Gandalf's offer of forgiveness with contempt. Gandalf then broke Saruman's staff and cast him from the Order and the Council. Gandalf imposed a strict watch on Isengard by the Ents and then advised King Théoden to ride to Gondor's defense as soon as possible. The wizard's mind had already turned to Gondor and the coming climactic battle in the east.<br />
<br />
====The Siege of Minas Tirith====<br />
[[Image:Donato Giancola - The White Rider.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|''The White Rider'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]] As a 'reward' for Pippin, who had foolishly gazed into a [[palantír]], Gandalf took the hobbit with him to [[Minas Tirith]], the last bastion of the west. Soon after arriving, Gandalf confronted [[Denethor II]], the [[Ruling Steward]], and learned that he was near despair over the death of his eldest son, [[Boromir]]. Ostensibly they were allies, but the Steward treated him with disrespect and suspicion. When [[Faramir]], the Steward's younger son, returned from [[Osgiliath]] and was attacked by Nazgûl, Gandalf upon Shadowfax drove them away by revealing the power within him; later Faramir told him that Frodo and Sam were still alive and headed towards Mordor.<br />
<br />
The city was soon besieged by a vast force from Mordor, led by the [[Witch-king]]. An ill-advised counter attack resulted in Faramir receiving a wound from a poisoned dart; he lay near death inside the Tower. Still, Gandalf encouraged the men of Minas Tirith to have hope, and dispelled the fear of the Ringwraiths by his very presence. But Sauron's catapults hurled flaming bolts upon the city; soon the first circle of the city burned unchecked. Denethor now lost all heart as the city burned and his only remaining son hovered near death; he abandoned his leadership of the city. Gandalf then took it upon himself to direct the defense of the city. When the gigantic ram [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] destroyed the ancient entrance to the city, Gandalf placed himself alone at the ruined gateway. The Witch-king then appeared in the midst of the blasted gate upon a black horse and threatened Gandalf with death; but Gandalf did not move — seated upon Shadowfax he defied the mightiest of Sauron's minions. However, the stand-off ended inconclusively, as the morning arrived along with the host of the Rohirrim. Hearing the horns of the Riders of Rohan, the Witch-king departed.<br />
<br />
But Gandalf did not pursue his foe, for Pippin brought him news that Denethor was about to commit suicide in the high tower, burning himself and his son Faramir on a pyre like the heathen Kings of old. Gandalf rushed to stop this madness and was able to save Faramir, but not Denethor, whose despair and grief had overcome his mind. Gandalf also learned how it was that Denethor's will had been broken: Denethor clutched a palantír in his hands as he burned. Clearly Denethor had been using the stone's special properties for some time — extending his vision far beyond those of mannish eyes, but also wrestling in thought with Sauron. And even though Sauron could not completely overwhelm Denethor's mind, his courage was daunted by knowledge of the vast might of Mordor. Thus the shadow entered into the capital of Gondor.<br />
<br />
Nevertheless, and against all hope, the siege was broken. [[Éowyn]] of Rohan and the hobbit Merry defeated the Witch-king, whose last wail was heard by many as he was reduced to impotence. Soon after, Lord Aragorn arrived with a large valour of men from the southern fiefs upon a captured pirate fleet from Umbar. The forces of the men of the west then utterly defeated Sauron's attack against Minas Tirith, relieving the city and killing virtually all of the invaders. Gandalf's carefully laid plans and words of wisdom, along with acts of heroism not seen since the elder days, had defeated Sauron's first move.<br />
<br />
====The Last Battle====<br />
But the attack against Minas Tirith was only a part of Sauron's plan to devastate the west and make himself the ruler of Middle-earth. Other armies moved in the north against [[Erebor]] and the Kingdom of Thranduil, as well as against Lothlórien and other points along the [[Anduin]]. Still commanding vast armies of orcs and men, the Dark Lord soon would move against Gondor again; the remnants of the Edain and their allies had little hope against his almost limitless resources. <br />
<br />
In Minas Tirith, Gandalf was selected by Aragorn, Imrahil, and Éomer (the remaining lords of the west) to be their leader in the coming final battles. This would be the culmination of Gandalf's efforts in Middle-earth. Fully aware that the west would stand or fall on the outcome of Frodo's mission, he advised the lords to drive north to the Morannon, thereby drawing Sauron's eye away from Frodo's likely location. This plan surely would result in a catastrophic loss for the outnumbered army, but it gave Frodo a chance to achieve the quest of Mount Doom.<br />
<br />
Led by Gandalf and Aragorn, the army of the West crossed the Anduin and marched north, pausing occasionally to announce their coming and to dispatch small numbers of men to lesser tasks. Upon arriving at the Black Gate, the forces halted and prepared for battle. As they ordered their companies, the foul [[Mouth of Sauron]] rode forth to parley with them; he revealed Frodo's [[Mithril]]-coat and Arnor-blade "Sting" and implied that their owner was captured and tortured. The emissary of Sauron then proposed that the forces of the west surrender; Gandalf however was undaunted, and, seizing his friend's belongings, rejected Sauron's offer. In shock, the Mouth of Sauron turned back towards the Black Gate, which slowly opened to reveal a vast army of orcs and trolls advancing on the lords of the west. Sauron's trap was sprung.<br />
<br />
Yet Sauron himself became the victim of Gandalf's trap. Unbeknownst to all, Frodo and Sam had succeeded in scaling Mount Doom and even as the Battle of Morannon began Frodo stood at the Crack of Doom. But the power and lure of the ring finally overcame his will and he placed the ring upon his finger, claiming it as his own. Immediately the Nazgûl were summoned by their lord, as he in terror realized his blunder: his enemies intended to destroy his ring. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Shadow of Sauron.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''The Shadow of Sauron'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]But Gandalf's foresight proved accurate again as the creature Gollum, who had been doggedly following the Ring-bearer, seized the ring from Frodo, and, while celebrating his reunion with "his precious," unwittingly fell into the fires of Orodruin. The ring was unmade as the fiery mountian erupted. The tower of [[Barad-dûr]] and the [[Towers of the Teeth]] began to collapse, their foundations crumbling, the Ring-wraiths burned out like shooting stars, and Sauron was reduced to a mere shadow of malice, never to torment the world again.<br />
<br />
With Sauron gone, his forces scattered like frightened insects; the Men of the West now set upon them with fury. Gandalf announced the success of the [[Ring-bearer]] and the end of Sauron; the quest had been fulfilled. Seeing that victory was achieved, Gandalf then mounted on [[Gwaihir]] the Eagle for a third time, and set out to see if Frodo and Samwise had survived the tumults of [[Mount Doom]]. To his great relief, the two were found on the slopes of Orodruin, clinging to life amid the volcanic eruptions. The great quest was over.<br />
<br />
===End of the Order===<br />
In Minas Tirith, Gandalf and the remaining members of the Fellowship reunited. At the coronation of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]], Gandalf (at Aragorn’s request) set the crown upon the King’s head, and declared "''Now come the days of the King, and may they be blessed while the thrones of the [[Valar]] endure!''". Thus Gandalf ushered in the new age of men.<br />
<br />
After the coronation and wedding of Aragorn to [[Arwen]], Gandalf left with the rest of the remaining Fellowship on the journey home. For Gandalf, it was his last long journey in Middle-earth. His errand to Arda had been fulfilled; Sauron had been defeated. He said farewell to his friends one by one until at last only the four Hobbits remained at his side. At the borders of the Shire he, too, turned away. He left the Hobbits to settle with the Shire, for the shattered pieces of evil still remaining in the world were no longer his concern, and went to talk to [[Tom Bombadil]].<br />
<br />
[[Image:Danny Staten - Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Grey Havens'' by [[Danny Staten]]]]What Gandalf did during the next two years is unknown; it is possible that his "''long talk''" with Bombadil was just that. At any rate, on [[29 September|September 29]], [[Third Age 3021|3021]], he met [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] at [[Mithlond]], ready to take the [[White Ship]] over the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Aman]]. He wore [[Narya]] openly on his finger, and Shadowfax was beside him (perhaps even to take ship with him). His mission was over, and his homecoming after more than 2000 years was nigh. He bade farewell to [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] (the latter two of which he had forewarned of the passage), then mounted the Grey Ship beside Frodo, Elrond, and Galadriel. The ship passed west upon the sea, and then took the hidden straight path to [[Valinor]]: Gandalf became Olórin once more. There, presumably, he dwells still in the gardens of [[Irmo]]. Olórin, the wisest of the Maiar and the sole Istar to remain true to his mission, had successfully kindled the hearts of the free people in Middle-earth to overcome the evil of their time. In a large way, it was his victory.<br />
<br />
==Personality==<br />
[[File:Roger Garland - Gandalf.jpg|left|thumb|The Grey Pilgrim relaxing]]<br />
Gandalf is often described in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' as quick to anger, and equally quick to laugh.<ref name="Lorien">{{FR|Lorien}}</ref><br />
His deep wisdom clearly derived from the patience he learned in Valinor, just as his care for all creatures of good will must have come from his strong sense of pity for the weak. Both his patience and sense of pity were revealed again and again, extending even to the servants of his enemies.<br />
<br />
Keen observers of Gandalf often detected a veiled power, usually revealed in his eyes, which appeared deep and wise. He was alternately affectionate and brusque; he often surprised others with his bluntness when time was of the essence. Gandalf consistently upbraided foolish behavior, but also richly rewarded those who acted with good intentions.<br />
<br />
Hobbits appealed to him more than to the other Wizards, and he went often to the Shire for respites from his errands. It may be that he was amused by their nature, as often described in ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It may also be because they were untouched by the great evils of the world, and were more in touch with nature than Men; perhaps their agrarian lifestyle appealed to Gandalf's innate spirit and reminded him of the gardens of Valinor.<br />
<br />
==Appearance==<br />
[[Image:John Howe - Gandalf the Grey 02.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Gandalf the Grey'' by [[John Howe]]]]<br />
<br />
The first description of Gandalf is preserved in the initial pages of ''The Hobbit'', written in the early 1930s. Gandalf's fame is alluded to even before his physical description ("Tales and adventures sprouted up all over the place wherever he went, in the most extraordinary fashion"), while the protagonist's ("unsuspecting Bilbo") impression is that of:<br />
<blockquote><br />
''...an old man with a staff. He had a tall pointed blue hat, a long grey cloak, a silver scarf over which a white beard hung down below his waist, and immense black boots.''<ref name="Party"/></blockquote><br />
<br />
Later, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] wrote: <br />
<blockquote><br />
''...a figure strongly built and with broad shoulder, though shorter than the average of men and now stooped with age, leaning on a thick rough-cut staff as he trudged along... Gandalf's hat was wide-brimmed [...] with a pointed conical crown, and it was ''blue''; he wore a long ''grey'' cloak, but this would not reach much below his knees. It was of an elven silver-grey hue, though tarnished by wear - as is evident from the general use of grey in [[The Lord of the Rings|the book]]... But his colours were always white, silver-grey, and blue - except for the boots he wore when walking in the wild...Gandalf even bent must have been at least 5 ft. 6... Which would make him a short man even in modern England, especially with the reduction of a bent back.''<ref name="MB"/></blockquote> <br />
<br />
Although some of the Wise know his true nature, his "wizard-like" appearance causes many to mistake him for a simple conjurer. After his return his "signature colour" changes from grey to white, for he has been sent back to replace the corrupt Saruman as the chief of the Wizards. In the book he claims that in some ways he now "was Saruman", or rather Saruman as he should have been.<br />
<br />
[[Círdan]] the Shipwright seemed to have foreseen this, for he entrusted the care of [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves to Gandalf rather than Saruman.<br />
<br />
== Powers and Abilities ==<br />
Gandalf was servant of the [[Secret Fire]], wielder of the [[flame of Anor]]<ref name=bridge/> and bearer of [[Narya]].<br />
<br />
demonstrated extensive knowledge of the land and an assortment of magical abilities from trivial to essential. For example he would use his powers for entertainment, by blowing glowing smoke rings that moved around a room at his direction, and [[Bilbo Baggins]] remembered him for his fantastic fireworks displays. More usefully, he created blinding flashes and other pyrotechnics to distract the [[Orcs|goblins]] of the [[Misty Mountains]], aiding the dwarves in their escape from [[Goblin-town]]. On the eastern slopes, he turned pine cones into flaming projectiles that threw hot sparks and started fires that would not easily go out. He was also able to come and go from the presence of [[Thorin and Company]] without anyone noticing.<br />
<br />
He again displayed his proficiency with pyrotechnics at [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]]. More of his power is shown, when the Fellowship is attacked by [[Warg]]s in [[Hollin]]: Gandalf used words of power and the trees that were growing on the hillock where the company had camped burst into fire. He was also able to start fires under blizzard conditions, create light of varying intensity for the journey through [[Moria]], magically secure doors, and break the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]. When angered or aroused for battle, he seemed to grow in height and assume a terrifying aspect. He also fought the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog of Moria]] and killed his opponent, although he did not survive the battle himself.<br />
<br />
Sent back to [[Middle-earth]] as Gandalf the White, he possessed greater charisma and a limited degree of clairvoyance, although he was unable to peer into the land of [[Mordor]] to see the progress of Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. His power and authority had increased so that he could break [[Saruman]]'s staff with a spoken command, showing his authority to throw the treacherous wizard out of the order.<br />
<br />
Most times Gandalf displayed his power, this had to do with fire. It is not known whether his possession of Narya, the Ring of Fire, had any merit to his abilities.<ref>FAQ of the Rings: [http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q3-Fireworks D6. ''Gandalf bore the Ring of Fire. Is that how he made his fireworks?'']</ref><br />
<br />
===Special Equipment===<br />
<br />
It is unknown whether Gandalf required his staff to exercise certain powers. At times it appeared to focus or extend his powers, such as when it emanated light. Exactly how much it aided him in the use of magic is unknown, but [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] tried to forbid Gandalf from bringing it into [[Edoras]], clearly under the impression that without it Gandalf's power would be limited.<br />
<br />
When he arrived in Middle-earth, Gandalf received the Elven ring [[Narya]] from [[Círdan]]. It is clear that Gandalf wore this ring from that time to the end of the Third Age but how he used its powers is not known.<br />
<br />
In {{TA|2941}}, Gandalf acquired the Elven sword [[Glamdring]] from the treasure hoard of a band of trolls.<ref name="Mutton"/> He continued to wield this weapon throughout ''The Lord of the Rings'', in particular during his fight with the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] in Moria.<br />
<br />
Throughout his time in Middle-earth Gandalf often was seen with a pipe, the use of which clearly brought him immense enjoyment.<br />
<br />
==Names==<br />
{{Main|Gandalf/Names}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Within the legendarium, ''Gandalf'' translates an unknown name of the meaning "Elf-of-the-wand (or cane/staff)", or more literary "Wand-elf", in old northern Mannish. Most denizens of Middle-earth incorrectly assumed Gandalf was a [[Men|Man]], although he was really a Maia spirit (approximately equivalent to an angel). However, a less common misconception that occurred during the beginning of his career in Middle-earth was that for someone to be [[immortal]] and use as much magic as he did, he must have been an Elf. Although it soon became apparent to all that he could not be an Elf, as he was old and Elves do not generally age, the nickname stuck with him. He later gave it as his name to others he met who did not know its original meaning.<br />
<br />
==Other Versions of the [[Legendarium]]==<br />
<br />
In early manuscripts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', the name ''[[Bladorthin]]'' was used by Tolkien for the character who later would be named ''Gandalf''. The name ''Gandalf'' was instead used for the character known as [[Thorin]] in the published works.<ref>{{HH|Intro}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Inspiration ==<br />
[[Image:Georg von Rosen - Oden som vandringsman, 1886 (Odin, the Wanderer).jpg|thumb|''Oden som vandringsman'' (''Odin the Wanderer'') by Georg von Rosen]]<br />
[[Image:Der_Berggeist_(Origin_of_Gandalf)_by_J._Madelener.gif|left|thumb|''[[Der Berggeist]]'' by [[Josef Madlener]].]]<br />
<br />
''Gandalfr''<!-- this is the nominative, not a typo!--><br />
appears in the list of dwarves in the ''[[Völuspá]]'' of the Elder Edda, the name means "Cane-elf". Tolkien took the name along with the other dwarves' names when he wrote ''The Hobbit'' in the 1930s. He came to regret the creation of this "rabble of eddaic-named dwarves [...] invented in an idle hour",<ref>{{TI|Runes}}, p. 452</ref> since it forced him to come up with an explanation of why Old Norse names should be used in [[Third Age]] Middle-earth. He solved the dilemma in 1942 by the explanation that [[Old Norse]] was a ''translation'' of the [[language of Dale]]. The figure of Gandalf has other influences from Germanic mythology, particularly Odin in his incarnation as "the Wanderer", an old man with one eye, a long white beard, a wide brimmed hat, and a staff: Tolkien states that he thinks of Gandalf as an ''"Odinic wanderer"'' in a letter of 1946.<ref>{{L|107}}</ref><br />
<br />
Tolkien had a postcard labeled ''[[Der Berggeist]]'' ("the mountain spirit"), and on the paper cover in which he kept it, he wrote "the origin of Gandalf" at some point. The postcard reproduces a painting of a bearded figure, sitting on a rock under a pine tree in a mountainous setting. He wears a wide-brimmed round hat and a long cloak and white fawn is nuzzling his upturned hands.<br />
[[Humphrey Carpenter]] in his 1977 biography said that Tolkien had bought the postcard during his 1911 holiday in Switzerland. However, Manfred Zimmerman discovered that the painting was by German artist Josef Madlener and dates to the late 1920s.<ref>[[Manfred Zimmerman]], "The Origin of Gandalf and Josef Madlener", in [[Mythlore|''Mythlore'']] [[Mythlore 34|34]] (Winter [[1983]])</ref> Carpenter concluded that Tolkien was probably mistaken about the origin of the postcard himself. Tolkien must have acquired the card at some time in the early 1930s, at a time when ''The Hobbit'' had already begun to take shape.<br />
<br />
== Portrayals in Adaptations ==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Pictures of adaptations of Gandalf<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=200<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:Gandalf - The Hobbit 1966.png|''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]''<br />
|File:Gandalf from Rankin-Bass' The Hobbit.jpg|''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]''<br />
|File:Gandalf from Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]''<br />
|File:WiME-gandalf+3-hobbits.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
|File:LOTR-Gandalf 1990-1--1-.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)]]''<br />
|File:LOTR vol. 1 SNES Gandalf in the Shire.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES)]]''<br />
|File:1121208-ror 010-1-.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan]]''<br />
|File:Fotr1085.jpg|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
|File:Peter Jackson's Gandalf.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''<br />
|File:Gandalf viv lotr.JPG|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
|File:Gandalf 2Towers.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Two Towers GBA - Gandalf, Frodo and Legolas.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)#Game Boy Advance version|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (Game Boy Advance)]]''<br />
|File:The Hobbit (2003) Gandalf.JPG|''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit]]''<br />
|File:Gandalf EA RotK.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Return of the King GBA - Gandalf.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (Game Boy Advance)]]''<br />
|File:Gandalf in LOTRO.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online Shadows of Angmar - Gandalf.png|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]''<br />
|File:Gandalf.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings- Conquest -Gandalf fighting Orcs.png|'''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]''<br />
|File:Aragorn's Quest - Gandalf the White.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''<br />
|File:Gandalf in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
|File:Lego - Gandalf the Grey mini figure.png|Gandalf the Grey as a ''[[Lego]] mini figure''<br />
|File:The Hobbit films - Gandalf in Bag End.jpg|Gandalf the Grey in [[The Hobbit films]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Films===<br />
'''1966: ''[[The Hobbit (1966 film)]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf's role is drastically reduced. He lives in a tower, where Thorin, the [[Princess Mika Milovana|Princess]] and the guard meet him to discuss the killing of [[Smaug|Slag]]. He introduces them to Bilbo, but does not go on the quest.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''1977: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]'':'''<br />
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[John Huston]].<br />
<br />
'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf was voiced by [[William Squire]]. [[John A. Neris]] played him in the live-action filming used for rotoscoping.<ref>Jerry Beck, ''The Animated Movie Guide'', page 154 (at [http://books.google.com/books?id=fTI1yeZd-tkC&pg=PA154&dq=%22John+A.+Neris%22&hl=nl#PPA154,M1 GoogleBooks])</ref> <br />
<br />
'''1980: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]'':'''<br />
:[[John Huston]] reprised his role as Gandalf. In this adaptation, the tale is told by a minstrel of [[Gondor]], yet in the story, Gandalf serves as the narrator. Gandalf the White is portrayed without difference from Gandalf the Grey, in ''The Hobbit''.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Ian McKellen]] was cast as Gandalf. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his portrayal.<br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''<br />
:Perhaps the most striking difference from all other adaptations is the difference between Gandalf the Grey and Gandalf the White. Where earlier no visible or audible difference was made, Gandalf the White is portrayed as much more virile, and with a shorter (and whiter) beard. <br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Because [[Imrahil]] had been cut from the film, it was up to Gandalf to lead the troops after the madness and death of [[Denethor II|Denethor]].<br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:[[Ian McKellen|Sir Ian McKellen]] will reprise his role as Gandalf the Grey.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Radio series===<br />
'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)]]'':'''<br />
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[Norman Shelley]].<ref>{{L|175}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]'':'''<br />
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[Heron Carvic]].<br />
<br />
'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]'':'''<br />
:The voice of Gandalf was provided [[Bernard Mayes]].<br />
<br />
'''1979: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)]]'':'''<br />
:[[Bernard Mayes]] reprised his role as Gandalf.<br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)]]'':'''<br />
:[[Michael Hordern]] read the part of Gandalf. He had not read the book, and thought his agent made a mistake in telling him how many episodes he had to do. He did not know Gandalf's early death would prove only temporarily.<ref>[[Brian Sibley]], "[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/2008/01/this-page-is-still-under-construction_23.html The Ring Goes Ever On: The Making of BBC Radio's ''The Lord of the Rings'']", at ''[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/ Brian Sibley:The Works]''</ref><br />
<br />
===Games===<br />
'''1982: ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf can be met on several moments of the game's story line.<ref>[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ''ZX Computing'', iss. 8304, p. 76] reproduced at [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/archive.html World of Spectrum - Archive] (retrieved at 14 August 2010)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf can be "recruited" by [[Frodo Baggins]] as a playable character.<br />
<br />
'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf is one of the main characters of the game and one of the several heroes of the [[Rohan]] faction.<br />
<br />
'''1994: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES)]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf can be acquired as a playable characters.<br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]'':'''<br />
:[[Tom Kane]] provided the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable character in several levels, including the fight with [[Durin's Bane]].<br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':'''<br />
:The voice of Gandalf is provided by [[Ian McKellen]]. Gandalf the Grey appears at the campsite of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|fellowship]] in ''The Gates of Moria'' and during the fight of [[Balin's Tomb]] in ''Balin's Tomb''. He latter reappears in the game as Gandalf the White at the start of the mission ''The Plains of Rohan'', where he leaves Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli to search Éomer and his army. He also appears in some cutscenes.<br />
<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)#Game Boy Advance version|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (Game Boy Advance)]]'':'''<br />
:In the [[wikipedia:Game Boy Advance|Game Boy Advance version]] of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]] Gandalf is a playable character. Gandalf's story starts with a conservation between Gandalf and [[Théoden]], after which the story goes back to the [[Caradhras]], where the Fellowship tries to travel over the [[Misty Mountains]]. When that road fails, the Fellowship goes back and travels through [[Moria]]. In Moria Gandalf and the other member of the Fellowship are seperated. After finding [[Frodo]], [[Aragorn]] and [[Gimli]] the fellowship is attacked by a [[Cave-troll]] and [[Goblins]]. After Gandalf defeats the Cave-troll the Fellowship has to flee for the [[Balrog]]. When they reach the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]] a cutscene is shown, in which Gandalf destroys the bridge and falls with the Balrog in the depths. After the fall Gandalf has to follow the footsteps of the Balrog through the depths of Moria and the [[Endless Stair]] untill he reaches [[Durin's Tower]], where he has to defeat the Balrog.<br />
<br />
:After being revived he returns as Gandalf the White in Fangorn, where he defeats several [[Trolls|Forrest trolls]] and [[Crebain]]. After defeating a stronger Forrest troll, named Fangorn troll, Gandalf meets Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli. After a cutscene, the game moves to [[Edoras]]. Gandalf heals the corrupted Théoden in Edoras, and then travels through [[Rohan]] in search of [[Éomer]]. Gandalf convinces Éomer to lead his army to [[Helm's Deep]].<br />
<br />
:The game ends with the [[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]], in which Gandalf and Éomer fight alongside Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and [[Éowyn]] while protecting the wall, the [[Hornburg]] and the [[Glittering Caves]]. In the final level Gandalf has to destroy the siege weapons that bombard the Hornburg. The game ends with a conservation between Gandalf, Aragorn, Gimli and Théoden.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)]]'':'''<br />
:[[Jim Ward]] provided the voice of Gandalf. He is shown with actual [[magic]]: he can shoot blue bolts of lightning from his staff. <br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf is the narrator, and a playable character. The game is built around him; the cut scene narration shows how he planned for the [[War of the Ring]]. He has several missions, collectively called the "Path of the Wizard". The first is the [[Battle of the Hornburg|the Battle of Helm's Deep]], which serves as a training mission. He has to fight [[Uruk-Hai]] in the forest of [[Huorns]] and [[Ents]] in "The Road to Isengard". After that, the missions move to [[Minas Tirith]]: the first mission, "Top of the Wall", has Gandalf warding off ladders and siege towers. In the second, "Courtyard", he has to protect civilians from the invading Orcs. His last playing mission is the [[Battle of the Morannon|Battle of the Black Gate]].<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (Game Boy Advance)]]'':'''<br />
:Just like on the consule version of the game, Gandalf is a playable characte. He has many missions, collectively called the "The Journey of the Wizard". He starts in a flooded [[Isengard]], where he has to kill several [[Uruk-hai]] and [[Crebain]] before he confronts [[Saruman]]. After the defeat of Saruman he travels to [[Minas Tirith]] through Rohan and the Misty Mountains. At the [[Pelennor Fields]] Gandalf has to protect the [[Beacons of Gondor|beacons]], so Rohan can be warned. During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Battle of Minas Tirith]] he has to protect the gate, before making his way to the [[House of the Stewards|Steward's Tomb]]. Here Gandalf has to kill Denethor, before he burns [[Faramir]]. After the battle Gandalf travels through [[Ithilien]] to the [[Black Gate]], where he confronts a Nazgûl.<br />
<br />
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf, voiced by [[Ian McKellen]], is a character in [[Electronic Arts|EA's]] "alternative [[Fellowship of the Ring|fellowship]]" game. In his battle against Durin's Bane, he is aided by the main characters.<br />
<br />
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf is voiced by [[Steven M. Kramer]], renowned for playing older mentor types.<br />
<br />
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''<br />
:In non-storyline skirmishes Gandalf is the hero of the Gondor faction, who possesses several magical abilities. At first, he appears as Gandalf "the Grey", and becomes "Gandalf the White" after reaching level 5 (out of 10). Gandalf also narrates the prologue scene, repeating almost word for word the lines said by Galadriel in the ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.<br />
:His involvement in the storyline is notable for major differences from the original tale. First of all, Gandalf survives his encounter with Balrog, defeating him at the Bridge of Khazad-dum and continues the journey with the Fellowship - by the time of arrival in Lothlorien he already appears as Gandalf the White. He is present during the ambush at [[Amon Hen]], where thanks to his involvement Boromir is saved from certain death. Merry and Pippin are captured regardless and Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and Boromir give chase, while Gandalf departs them to see to dealings in Rohan, including freeing of King Théoden from the spell. Following the Battle of Helm's Deep he travels to Minas Tirith along with both Pippin and Boromir, where they participate in the Siege of the city.<br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf is a hero for the "Men of the West" faction. Similar to the first game, he appears as Gandalf the Grey initially and Gandalf the White after level 5. He plays no part in the main storyline, but appears in the alternate "evil" campaign: after Sauron reclaims the Ring and lays waste to southern lands, Gandalf and few other survivors meet their end during a last stand in Rivendell. <br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf is a non-playable character voiced by [[Harry Chase]], who narrates cutscenes and instances throughout the original game, before the first expansion. He first meets the Dwarven characters in Ered Luin in {{TA|2941}}, shortly before the Quest for Erebor. Later, characters of all races meet him in Bree in October of {{TA|3018}}, but he is too busy with concerns for Frodo and the Ring and merely sends them away to find Radagast. Finally, the players have a chance to have a proper conversation with him in Rivendell, following the Council of Elrond. During that time, Gandalf is involved in several quests, including helping the player wreck havoc among the Goblins stirring at the [[High Pass]]. After the Fellowship leaves Rivendell, players are able to retrace many of their steps, including the marks left by Gandalf such as the Burnt Top in [[Eregion]] and the remains of his fire at the pass of [[Caradhras]]. Later, Lady [[Galadriel]] bids the player to find the sings of Gandalf following his fall from the Bridge of Khazad-dum - said signs include his burnt hat at the Foundations of Stone in Moria and the sings of his struggle with the Balrog at the [[Endless Stair]] - those allow Galadriel to discern that Mithrandir is not truly dead. Players later meet him as Gandalf the White in [[Caras Galadhon]] shortly after the Fellowship has departed Lothlorien. During that time, he engages into a spiritual battle with a Gaunt-Lord Gortheron the Doom-Caller; his display of his new abilities encourages the band of Free People players and allows them to defeat the servant of Sauron.<br />
<br />
:Gandalf is also present in several historic "session plays", during which players witness the important events their characters were not present for. Such events include Gandalf infiltrating [[Dol Guldur]] with the help of an Elf named Raddir, first meeting between Gandalf and Aragorn on the outskirts of Lothlorien and Gandalf's imprisonment atop Orthanc by Saruman.<br />
<br />
'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''<br />
:[[Martin Jarvis]] provides the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable mage hero and has three special powers: "Healing Wisdom", "You Shall not Pass!" and "Cleansing Fire". In the good campaign he appears at the end of the Isengard mission, where he has to kill Saruman in [[Orthanc]]. In Moria he can be played to destroy the [[Balrog]] and in Minas Tirith he has to defend the gates of the second ring. He is also one of the four playable heroes in the last mission, [[The Battle of the Morannon|the battle of the Black Gate]]. He appears aswell in the end of the last mission, the Shire, of the evil campaign, in which he is killed by [[Sauron]].<br />
:He is also playable in the Shire, Isengard, Minas Tirith and Moria with the ''Conquest'' Mode, in Isengard and Minas Tirith in the ''Team Deatmatch'' mode, the citadel of Minas Tirith in ''Capture the Ring'' mode, and at the Black Gate, Minas Morgul, Mout Doom and the Shire during ''Hero Team Deatmatch'' mode.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:Gandalf is voiced by [[Tom Kane]], who also narrates the introduction of the game. He tells that heroes like "[[Aragorn|Aragorn the King]]", "[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo the Ringbearer]]" and "'''Gandalf the Wizard'''" are rightly honored, but that without a few heroes - [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] - the north of [[Middle-earth]] would have been lost.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref> <br />
:He also appears in [[Rivendell]] latter in the game. Players can interact with him and learn of various important events, yet the conversations do not unlock any side-quests and do not affect the main story in any way.<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Gandalf|Images of Gandalf]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<small><br />
* {{HM|TT}}<br />
* {{HM|RK}}<br />
* {{L|156}}<br />
* {{L|246}}<br />
</small><br />
<br />
{{ainur}}<br />
{{Thorin and Company}}<br />
{{fellowship}}<br />
{{sequence<br />
|prev=none<br />
|next=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]<br />
|list=Leader of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]<br>[[25 December|December 25]] [[Third Age 3018|3018]] - [[15 January|January 15]] [[Third Age 3019|3019]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Norse names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Gandalf]]<br />
[[fa:گندالف]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:ainur:maiar:istari:gandalf]]<br />
[[fi:Gandalf]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Wizards&diff=194907Wizards2012-06-12T20:15:36Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Other fiction */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}{{sources}}{{expansion}}<br />
{{maiar infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Tristan Wang - The Five.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Wizards<br />
| othernames=Istari, Ithryn<br />
| coming=During the [[Years of the Trees]]<br />
| death=Immortal<br />
| duty=Arda<br />
*[[Aulë]] ([[Curumo]])<br />
*[[Manwë]] and [[Varda]] ([[Olorin]])<br />
*[[Yavanna]] ([[Aiwendil]])<br />
*[[Oromë]] ([[Alatar]] and ([[Pallando]]}<br />
| robes= based on rank<br />
*[[Olorin]]- Grey and White<br />
*[[Curumo]]-White<br />
*[[Aiwendil]]- Brown<br />
*[[Alatar]] and [[Pallando]]- Blue<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| appearance= Elderly Men<br />
| hair=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.|[[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]]<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
The '''Wizards''' of [[Middle-earth]], also known as the '''[[Istari]]''' in [[Quenya]] and the '''[[Ithron|Ithryn]]''' in [[Sindarin]], were a small group of beings outwardly resembling [[Men]] but possessing much greater physical and mental power. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The wizards, also called [[Istari]], were originally spirits of the order of the [[Maiar]], the followers of the [[Valar]]. These were sent by the Valar to help and assist the peoples of Middle-earth against Sauron as he gathered his forces during the [[Third Age]]. <br />
<br />
The five known Istari were [[Curumo]], a Maia of [[Aulë]], [[Gandalf|Olórin]], a Maia of [[Manwë]] and [[Varda]], [[Radagast|Aiwendil]] a Maia of [[Yavanna]], and [[Alatar]] and [[Pallando]], both Maiar of [[Oromë]]. Alatar and Pallando, also known as [[Ithryn Luin]] the "Blue Wizards," went into the East and do not come into the main tales of Middle-earth. In the northwest of Middle-earth Curumo became known as [[Saruman]] to Men and [[Curunír]] to [[Elves]], Olórin was known as [[Gandalf]] to Men and [[Gandalf|Mithrandir]] to Elves, while Aiwendil became known as [[Radagast]].<br />
<br />
The Istari came to Middle-earth around the year {{TA|1000}}. Each wizard was assigned with a colour for his clothes, white being indicative of the chief. The two that traveled to the East wore blue, hence their name Ithryn Luin, the "Blue Wizards." Similarly the other wizards often became known by their colours, often being refered to as "Saruman the White," "Gandalf the Grey," and "Radagast the Brown." It is not known if the colour had a special meaning concerning their rank, abilities or nature.<br />
<br />
They were clothed in the bodies of old men, restricting their powers so that they would only assist to the peoples of Middle-earth and not seek domination like Sauron, who was also a Maia. By inhabiting the bodies of Men they were ordered by the Valar to assist the people of Middle-earth through persuasion and encouragement, not force or fear. Being clothed in the bodies of Men they also became susceptible to all the weaknesses of a physical body, they felt hunger, pain, greed, sorrow, joy, and all other emotions and pains of Men. <br />
<br />
Despite their bodies of Men, they remained immortal and aged only very slowly; however, they could be killed, Gandalf did indeed die from his duel with the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Moria]] and only through the intervention of [[Ilúvatar|Eru]] himself was he restored to his body. <br />
<br />
[[Image:John Howe - Gandalf 01.jpg|thumb|left|''Gandalf'' by [[John Howe]]]]<br />
Very few of Middle-earth's inhabitants knew who the Wizards really were; the Istari did not share this information. Most believed they were Elves or wise Men (''Gandalf'' represents this interpretation, meaning ''Wand-elf'', because the Men who gave him the nickname believed he was an Elf). They attracted few questions due to their gentle nature and dislike of direct interference with other people's affairs. In spite of their specific and unambiguous goal, the Wizards were nevertheless capable of mannish feelings; thus [[Gandalf]] felt great affection for the [[Hobbits]]. On the other hand, they could feel negative mannish emotions like greed, jealousy, and lust for power. Saruman himself fell victim to these emotions, and it is hinted in the essay in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' that the Blue Wizards (see below) may have fallen prey to these temptations during their journeys in the East.<br />
<br />
Saruman was originally gifted with the greatest power of the five Istari and was named the head of the White Council, a group of the Wise in opposition to Sauron. In {{TA|2759}}, he was invited by the rulers of Gondor and Rohan to settle in [[Isengard]], and the impenetrable tower of [[Orthanc]]. Saruman was learned in the lore of the [[Rings of Power]], gradually becoming corrupted by the desire for the Rings and by Sauron's direct influence on him through the ''[[Palantíri|palantír]]'' of [[Orthanc]]. Eventually he became ensnared in Sauron's power, and assisted him in the War of the Ring until he was defeated by the [[Ents]] and Gandalf, who broke his staff and cast him out of the White Council. Saruman's death came at the hands of his servant [[Gríma|Wormtongue]] in [[The Shire]], after the destruction of [[the One Ring]]. His spirit was then dispersed by a wind from the West, becoming similar to Sauron in his destruction.<br />
<br />
When Saruman fell to the temptation of the Ring and after the defeat of the Balrog of Moria, Gandalf was reborn and given the title of Gandalf the White. Gandalf, who had originally been nominated for leadership of the White Council by the Elf-Lady [[Galadriel]], assumed leadership both of the White Council and the Order of the Istari. He then casts Saruman from the order and led the West to victory over Sauron, advising the [[Ringbearer]] [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and the new king of [[Gondor]] [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]]. After the defeat of Sauron and Saruman, Gandalf traveled across the Sea with the Ringbearers, revealing that he himself was the bearer of [[Narya]] one of the Elven Rings of Power.<br />
<br />
Radagast stayed true to his mission for a while, even serving as a messenger to Gandalf from Saruman, convincing Gandalf to meet with Saruman. Radagast also gave the birds in his service to the service of Saruman and Gandalf. Radagast himself dwelt at [[Rhosgobel]] near the borders of [[Mirkwood]]. Eventually, Radagast is said to have become enamoured of the beasts and birds and to have ultimately failed to complete his mission.<br />
<br />
The mysterious Blue Wizards [[Morinehtar]] and [[Romestámo]] went into the East and do not come into the tales of northwestern Middle-earth. It is sometimes thought that the Blue Wizards failed in their mission and fell to the temptations that had corrupted Saruman. It is also said that their fall gave rise to magical cults in the East. It is also thought that they possibly succeeded in their mission and that the victories of the West would have been impossible had it not been for the Blue Wizards success in the East.<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
Tolkien's Istari were not wizards in the common sense of the word, but rather more like 'wise men' or even 'messengers.' [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]], a lifelong philologist and devoted Catholic, deliberately used the word wizard, as it connoted 'wisdom' and conveniently conveyed to the reader the 'other worldly' powers of the characters. These sentiments were best worded by Tolkien himself in the first paragraph of the essay ''The Istari'' in the [[Unfinished Tales]]:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Wizard ''is a translation of Quenya istar (Sindarin ''ithron''): one of the members of an "order" (as they call it), claiming to possess, and exhibiting, eminent knowledge of the history and nature of the World. The translation (through suitable in its relation to "wise" and other ancient words of knowing, similar to that of ''istar'' in Quenya) is not perhaps happy, since ''Heren'' Istarion or "Order of Wizards" was quite distinct from "wizards" and "magicians" of later legend; they belonged solely to the Third Age and then departed, and none save maybe Elrond, Círdan and Galadriel discovered of what kind they were or whence they came.''</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
<br />
In [[Gnomish]], one of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s early conceptions of an [[Elvish|Elven]] language, the word for "wizard" is ''curug'' (and "witch" is ''curus''). An alternative word is ''thothweg'', also translated as "wizard".<ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 27, 73</ref><br />
<br />
==Other fiction==<br />
A wizard, who puts a spell on the dog Rover, appears in Tolkien's story ''[[Roverandom]]''. The bewitchement turns Rover into a toy.<br />
<br />
In Peter Jackson's film version of The Lord of the Rings, two of the five Wizards were portrayed and featured heavily in the film trilogy (as the characters do in the books.)<br />
Saruman was portrayed by Sir Christopher Lee, a lifelong Tolkien scholar and a well-known film actor. As Sauron was never seen in person (his face is never shown on screen), Saruman is, to a degree, the main antagonist of the first two films. Lee will reprise the role of Saruman for a brief appearance in The Hobbit Films.<br />
<br />
Gandalf was played by veteran stage actor Sir Ian McKellen, who received widespread critical acclaim for his portrayal. McKellen will reprise the role of Gandalf in The Hobbit.<br />
<br />
Although Radagast has a small role in The Lord of the Rings, his role was ommited in Peter Jackson's film trilogy. However, Radagast will feature in The Hobbit films, played by former Doctor Who star Sylvester McCoy.<br />
<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{ainur}}<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Wizards&diff=194906Wizards2012-06-12T20:13:20Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Other fiction */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}{{sources}}{{expansion}}<br />
{{maiar infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Tristan Wang - The Five.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Wizards<br />
| othernames=Istari, Ithryn<br />
| coming=During the [[Years of the Trees]]<br />
| death=Immortal<br />
| duty=Arda<br />
*[[Aulë]] ([[Curumo]])<br />
*[[Manwë]] and [[Varda]] ([[Olorin]])<br />
*[[Yavanna]] ([[Aiwendil]])<br />
*[[Oromë]] ([[Alatar]] and ([[Pallando]]}<br />
| robes= based on rank<br />
*[[Olorin]]- Grey and White<br />
*[[Curumo]]-White<br />
*[[Aiwendil]]- Brown<br />
*[[Alatar]] and [[Pallando]]- Blue<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| appearance= Elderly Men<br />
| hair=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.|[[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]]<ref>{{FR|Three}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
The '''Wizards''' of [[Middle-earth]], also known as the '''[[Istari]]''' in [[Quenya]] and the '''[[Ithron|Ithryn]]''' in [[Sindarin]], were a small group of beings outwardly resembling [[Men]] but possessing much greater physical and mental power. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The wizards, also called [[Istari]], were originally spirits of the order of the [[Maiar]], the followers of the [[Valar]]. These were sent by the Valar to help and assist the peoples of Middle-earth against Sauron as he gathered his forces during the [[Third Age]]. <br />
<br />
The five known Istari were [[Curumo]], a Maia of [[Aulë]], [[Gandalf|Olórin]], a Maia of [[Manwë]] and [[Varda]], [[Radagast|Aiwendil]] a Maia of [[Yavanna]], and [[Alatar]] and [[Pallando]], both Maiar of [[Oromë]]. Alatar and Pallando, also known as [[Ithryn Luin]] the "Blue Wizards," went into the East and do not come into the main tales of Middle-earth. In the northwest of Middle-earth Curumo became known as [[Saruman]] to Men and [[Curunír]] to [[Elves]], Olórin was known as [[Gandalf]] to Men and [[Gandalf|Mithrandir]] to Elves, while Aiwendil became known as [[Radagast]].<br />
<br />
The Istari came to Middle-earth around the year {{TA|1000}}. Each wizard was assigned with a colour for his clothes, white being indicative of the chief. The two that traveled to the East wore blue, hence their name Ithryn Luin, the "Blue Wizards." Similarly the other wizards often became known by their colours, often being refered to as "Saruman the White," "Gandalf the Grey," and "Radagast the Brown." It is not known if the colour had a special meaning concerning their rank, abilities or nature.<br />
<br />
They were clothed in the bodies of old men, restricting their powers so that they would only assist to the peoples of Middle-earth and not seek domination like Sauron, who was also a Maia. By inhabiting the bodies of Men they were ordered by the Valar to assist the people of Middle-earth through persuasion and encouragement, not force or fear. Being clothed in the bodies of Men they also became susceptible to all the weaknesses of a physical body, they felt hunger, pain, greed, sorrow, joy, and all other emotions and pains of Men. <br />
<br />
Despite their bodies of Men, they remained immortal and aged only very slowly; however, they could be killed, Gandalf did indeed die from his duel with the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Moria]] and only through the intervention of [[Ilúvatar|Eru]] himself was he restored to his body. <br />
<br />
[[Image:John Howe - Gandalf 01.jpg|thumb|left|''Gandalf'' by [[John Howe]]]]<br />
Very few of Middle-earth's inhabitants knew who the Wizards really were; the Istari did not share this information. Most believed they were Elves or wise Men (''Gandalf'' represents this interpretation, meaning ''Wand-elf'', because the Men who gave him the nickname believed he was an Elf). They attracted few questions due to their gentle nature and dislike of direct interference with other people's affairs. In spite of their specific and unambiguous goal, the Wizards were nevertheless capable of mannish feelings; thus [[Gandalf]] felt great affection for the [[Hobbits]]. On the other hand, they could feel negative mannish emotions like greed, jealousy, and lust for power. Saruman himself fell victim to these emotions, and it is hinted in the essay in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' that the Blue Wizards (see below) may have fallen prey to these temptations during their journeys in the East.<br />
<br />
Saruman was originally gifted with the greatest power of the five Istari and was named the head of the White Council, a group of the Wise in opposition to Sauron. In {{TA|2759}}, he was invited by the rulers of Gondor and Rohan to settle in [[Isengard]], and the impenetrable tower of [[Orthanc]]. Saruman was learned in the lore of the [[Rings of Power]], gradually becoming corrupted by the desire for the Rings and by Sauron's direct influence on him through the ''[[Palantíri|palantír]]'' of [[Orthanc]]. Eventually he became ensnared in Sauron's power, and assisted him in the War of the Ring until he was defeated by the [[Ents]] and Gandalf, who broke his staff and cast him out of the White Council. Saruman's death came at the hands of his servant [[Gríma|Wormtongue]] in [[The Shire]], after the destruction of [[the One Ring]]. His spirit was then dispersed by a wind from the West, becoming similar to Sauron in his destruction.<br />
<br />
When Saruman fell to the temptation of the Ring and after the defeat of the Balrog of Moria, Gandalf was reborn and given the title of Gandalf the White. Gandalf, who had originally been nominated for leadership of the White Council by the Elf-Lady [[Galadriel]], assumed leadership both of the White Council and the Order of the Istari. He then casts Saruman from the order and led the West to victory over Sauron, advising the [[Ringbearer]] [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and the new king of [[Gondor]] [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]]. After the defeat of Sauron and Saruman, Gandalf traveled across the Sea with the Ringbearers, revealing that he himself was the bearer of [[Narya]] one of the Elven Rings of Power.<br />
<br />
Radagast stayed true to his mission for a while, even serving as a messenger to Gandalf from Saruman, convincing Gandalf to meet with Saruman. Radagast also gave the birds in his service to the service of Saruman and Gandalf. Radagast himself dwelt at [[Rhosgobel]] near the borders of [[Mirkwood]]. Eventually, Radagast is said to have become enamoured of the beasts and birds and to have ultimately failed to complete his mission.<br />
<br />
The mysterious Blue Wizards [[Morinehtar]] and [[Romestámo]] went into the East and do not come into the tales of northwestern Middle-earth. It is sometimes thought that the Blue Wizards failed in their mission and fell to the temptations that had corrupted Saruman. It is also said that their fall gave rise to magical cults in the East. It is also thought that they possibly succeeded in their mission and that the victories of the West would have been impossible had it not been for the Blue Wizards success in the East.<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
Tolkien's Istari were not wizards in the common sense of the word, but rather more like 'wise men' or even 'messengers.' [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]], a lifelong philologist and devoted Catholic, deliberately used the word wizard, as it connoted 'wisdom' and conveniently conveyed to the reader the 'other worldly' powers of the characters. These sentiments were best worded by Tolkien himself in the first paragraph of the essay ''The Istari'' in the [[Unfinished Tales]]:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Wizard ''is a translation of Quenya istar (Sindarin ''ithron''): one of the members of an "order" (as they call it), claiming to possess, and exhibiting, eminent knowledge of the history and nature of the World. The translation (through suitable in its relation to "wise" and other ancient words of knowing, similar to that of ''istar'' in Quenya) is not perhaps happy, since ''Heren'' Istarion or "Order of Wizards" was quite distinct from "wizards" and "magicians" of later legend; they belonged solely to the Third Age and then departed, and none save maybe Elrond, Círdan and Galadriel discovered of what kind they were or whence they came.''</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
<br />
In [[Gnomish]], one of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s early conceptions of an [[Elvish|Elven]] language, the word for "wizard" is ''curug'' (and "witch" is ''curus''). An alternative word is ''thothweg'', also translated as "wizard".<ref>{{PE|11}}, pp. 27, 73</ref><br />
<br />
==Other fiction==<br />
A wizard, who puts a spell on the dog Rover, appears in Tolkien's story ''[[Roverandom]]''. The bewitchement turns Rover into a toy.<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{ainur}}<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari]]<br />
In Peter Jackson's film version of The Lord of the Rings, two of the five Wizards were portrayed and featured heavily in the film trilogy (as the characters do in the books.)<br />
Saruman was portrayed by Sir Christopher Lee, a lifelong Tolkien scholar and a well-known film actor. As Sauron was never seen in person (his face is never shown on screen), Saruman is, to a degree, the main antagonist of the first two films. Lee will reprise the role of Saruman for a brief appearance in The Hobbit Films.<br />
<br />
Gandalf was played by veteran stage actor Sir Ian McKellen, who received widespread critical acclaim for his portrayal. McKellen will reprise the role of Gandalf in The Hobbit.<br />
<br />
Although Radagast has a small role in The Lord of the Rings, his role was ommited in Peter Jackson's film trilogy. However, Radagast will feature in The Hobbit films, played by former Doctor Who star Sylvester McCoy.</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Andy_Serkis&diff=193814Andy Serkis2012-06-04T15:53:42Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Roles */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{actor<br />
| image= [[Image:Andy Serkis as Gollum (in motion capture suit).jpg]]<br />
| name= Andy Serkis<br />
| lifetime= [[20 April|April 20]], [[1964]]<br />
| played= [[Gollum]], [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] (voice)<br />
| film= [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]<br />
| played2=<br />
| film2=<br />
| imdb= [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0785227/ Profile]<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
'''Andy Serkis''' is an English actor. He provided voices for various characters in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'', but has become immortal in his portrayal of [[Gollum]].<br />
<br />
==Gollum==<br />
When he heard from his agent that [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0399193/ John Hubbard] wanted to hear him as the voice of an animated character, Serkis originally felt dismayed. When told it was Gollum, it changed little: he had read ''[[The Hobbit]]'' when he was eight, but nothing else. Not until his (later) wife Lorraine convinced him to go to the audition did he actually think of doing it. <br />
<br />
He recorded a demo, in which he portrayed Gollum full of self-pity and guilt, and he based the gulping swallow sound "gollum" on his cat Diz coughing up a furball. <br />
<br />
At the advice of [[Fran Walsh]], he kept a diary, and this diary was later edited to become ''[[Gollum: How We Made Movie Magic]]''. It details his casting, the shooting, the additional motion capture, and the voice dubbing pick-ups. <br />
<br />
Serkis spent a total of five years in [[New Zealand]], and did extra work later in London. He dubbed most of his lines as Gollum there, and also provided an eerie voice for the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]]. Together with [[Jim Dunk]], he also voiced most of the [[Uruk-hai]] in [[Uglúk]]'s troop.<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
{{quote|They're only scorned because they're into something popular. But it's just the same as supporting a football team or being madly into Picasso or Brahms. And it's certainly a lot more fun than chess.| Andy Serkis on [[Tolkien fandom]], [http://tinyurl.com/6lxkxr Interview]}}<br />
{{quote|This must be totally bizarre to them. I mean, at least when I look up at them I see [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], and I just play off them, but when they look at me, all they must see is a man in a gimp suit, with a face that makes Jim Carrey's look relaxed and a voice that sounds like a cat being sick.|Andy Serkis on filming with [[Elijah Wood]] and [[Sean Astin]], ''[[Gollum: How We Made Movie Magic]]''.}}<br />
<br />
==Roles==<br />
* [[2012-13]] - ''[[The Hobbit films]]'' - Gollum <br />
* [[2006]] - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'' - Gollum, Witch-king<br />
* [[2005]] - ''[[Ringers: Lord of the Fans]]'' - Himself<br />
* [[2004]] - ''[[Gollum's acceptance speech]]'' - Himself, Gollum<br />
* [[2004]] - ''[[EA's The Third Age]]'' - Gollum (archive footage)<br />
* [[2004]] - ''[[DNZ: The Real Middle Earth]]'' - Himself, Gollem (sic)<br />
* [[2003]] - ''[[EA's The Return of the King]]'' - Gollum, Witch-king (archive footage)<br />
* [[2003]] - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' - Sméagol, Gollum, Witch-king<br />
* [[2002]] - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' - Gollum, Orcs, [[Snaga (Orc of Isengard)|Snaga]] (voice)<br />
* [[2002]] - ''[[The Making of The Lord of the Rings]]'' - Himself<br />
* [[2001]] - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' - Gollum, Witch-king, Black Riders (voice)<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
* [[2002]] - '''[http://www.cinemaclips.com/PFCS.htm PFCS Award]''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
* [[2003]] - '''[http://ofcs.rottentomatoes.com/ OFCS Award]''', Best Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' <br />
* 2003 - '''PFCS Award''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers''<br />
* 2003 - '''[http://www.vesawards.com/awards/ VES Award]''', Best Performance by an Actor in an Effects Film, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers'' <br />
* 2003 - '''[http://www.saturnawards.org/ Saturn Award]''', Best Supporting Actor, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers'' <br />
* 2003 - '''[http://www.mtv.com/ MTV Movie Award]''', Best On-Screen Team, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers'' <br />
* [[2004]] - '''[http://www.bfca.org/ Critics' Choice Award]''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''<br />
* 2004 - '''[http://www.nbrmp.org/ NBR Award]''', Best Acting by an Ensemble, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''<br />
* 2004 - '''[http://www.empireonline.com/ Empire Award, UK]''', Best British Actor, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''<br />
* 2004 - '''[http://www.sagawards.org/ SAG Award]''', Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.serkis.com/ Official website]<br />
* {{WP|Andy Serkis}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Serkis, Andy}}<br />
[[Category:Actors and actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Authors]]<br />
[[Category:British people]]<br />
[[Category:People by name]]<br />
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy cast]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Andy Serkis]]<br />
[[fi:Andy Serkis]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=193812Radagast2012-06-04T15:38:52Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Portrayal in adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. He spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among the wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron.<br />
<br />
Behind the scenes, Radagast may have been very active during The War of the Ring, using his bird-friends to send messages quickly to the Free Peoples.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]]. Although the character is only alluded to in The Hobbit, he may have been involved with The White Council's confrontation with the Necromancer around this time period. Sylvester McCoy has stated that Radagast will have more than just a brief cameo, and Sir Christopher Lee (who plays Saruman) stated that Radagast "has a considerably important part" in the upcoming films.<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=193811Radagast2012-06-04T15:35:15Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. He spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among the wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron.<br />
<br />
Behind the scenes, Radagast may have been very active during The War of the Ring, using his bird-friends to send messages quickly to the Free Peoples.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]].<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=193810Radagast2012-06-04T15:34:31Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with.Radagast spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among the wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron.<br />
<br />
Behind the scenes, Radagast may have been very active during The War of the Ring, using his bird-friends to send messages quickly to the Free Peoples.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]].<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=193809Radagast2012-06-04T15:32:00Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with.Radagast spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees.<br />
<br />
When Elven scouts were sent to find Radagast after the Council of Elrond, he was not at his home in Rhosgobel: he plays no further role in events and is not mentioned again by Tolkien. There are several theories to his disappearance. He may have gone to spend time among wildlife, or his friends among the Beornings, or he may have visited Thranduil's folk in Mirkwood. He may have also been forced to abandon his home, and it is quite possible that he was removed by the nearby fortress of Dol Guldur. However, Tolkien once stated that Radagast's failure was not as great as Saruman's, and that he may have eventually been able to return to Valinor, implying that he survived The War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
The assumption that Radagast failed in his task may not be entirely accurate, as he was sent specifically by Yavanna, and he may have been charged with the protection of the flora and fauna of Middle-Earth, a task that would not end with the defeat of Sauron.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
<br />
Names mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman:<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]]<br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]]<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]].<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=192716Radagast2012-05-09T16:52:47Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Portrayal in adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= [[The Brown]], [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]<br />
| coming=<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of the [[Valier|Valië]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''''[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}). Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. Despite this, Gandalf was still more knowledgeable of the animals, and more respected by them than Radagast. Radagast spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfil the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees. <br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* [[The Brown]]<br />
* Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]] - a name mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman.<ref name=II2>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
* Radagast [[the Simple]] - a name mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman.<ref name=II2/><br />
* Radagast [[the Fool]] - a name mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman.<ref name=II2/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
===Radagast===<br />
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien in 1954]], the name ''Radagast'' is said to mean "tender of beasts" in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name ''Radagast''.<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1</ref> One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 ''Redigast''] in Slavic mythology.<ref>{{HM|AH}}, p. 167</ref><br />
<br />
===Aiwendil===<br />
The name ''Aiwendil'' is likely [[Quenya]], perhaps derived from ''[[aiwe]]'' ("(small) bird") and ''ndil'' ("devoted to").<ref name=RC/><ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<center><gallery perrow=3><br />
File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|<center>[[Mithril Miniatures]]<br />
File:WiMe-Radagast&Hobbits-1.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]''<br />
File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''<br />
</gallery></center><br />
<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''1987-: ''[[Mithril Miniatures]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 "Radagast the Brown" is seen with a cat and an owl;<ref>[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril Wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref> an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.<ref>[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])</ref> There is also a "Radagast Mounted" (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.<ref>[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2001-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''<br />
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.<ref>[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the Eglain, and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood and search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
'''2012-13: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]].<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
* <small>''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]</small><br />
<br />
{{Ainur}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fa:راداگاست]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Phil_Proctor&diff=192715Phil Proctor2012-05-09T16:49:37Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Roles */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Philip Proctor''' ([[28 July|July 28]], [[1940]]) is an American voice actor. <br />
<br />
== Roles ==<br />
* [[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'' - Radagast the Brown<br />
* [[2006]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'': Additional voices<br />
* [[2004]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'': Additional voices<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* '''[http://www.planetproctor.com/index2.html Official website]'''<br />
* {{WP|Phil Proctor}}<br />
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0698413/ Phil Proctor] at IMDb<br />
* [http://voicechasers.com/database/showactor.php?actorid=1144 Phil Proctor] at Voice Chasers <br />
<br />
[[Category:Actors and actresses|Proctor, Phil]]<br />
[[Category:American people|Proctor, Phil]]<br />
[[Category:People by name|Proctor, Phil]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_in_the_North&diff=192714The Lord of the Rings: War in the North2012-05-09T16:48:48Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Cast */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{currentevent}}<br />
{{expansion}}<br />
{{video game infobox<br />
| image=[[File:WITN-boxart.png|250px]]<br />
| name=''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North''<br />
| developer=[[Snowblind Studios]]<br />
| publisher=[[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]]<br />
| platform=[[wikipedia:PlayStation 3|PlayStation 3]], [[wikipedia:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]] and [[wikipedia:Xbox 360|Xbox 360]]<ref name="Gamespot-06-10">[http://www.youtube.com/user/gamespot Gamespot], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmg6GgkrtnU&feature=related Interview with Ryan Geithman], dated [[10 June]], [[2010]] (accessed [[5 July]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
| releasedate=[[1 November]] [[2011]] (North America),<ref name="FAQ Regions Release">[http://www.warinthenorth.com/ War in the North], [http://www.warinthenorth.com/the-game/support/faq FAQ], What is the release date of The Lord of the Rings: War in the North for my region? (accessed [[9 November|November 9]], [[2011]])</ref></br><br />
for other regions, see [[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North#Release|Release]].<br />
| genre=Action, Role-playing game<br />
| modes=Single player, two/three-player co-operative, online<ref name="Product Announcement"/><br />
| rating=[[wikipedia:Entertainment Software Rating Board|ESRB]]: M<ref name="Kotaku Party">[http://kotaku.com Kotaku], "[http://kotaku.com/5566672/lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north-eyes+on-impressions-a-party-of-three ''Lord of the Rings: War in the North'' Eyes-On Impressions: A Party of Three], dated [[17 June|June 17]], [[2010]] (accessed [[5 February|February 5]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
| distribution=<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North''''' (commonly abbreviated to '''WITN''') is a role-playing video-game developed by [[Snowblind Studios]] and published by [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]] for [[wikipedia:PlayStation 3|PlayStation 3]], [[wikipedia:Xbox 360|Xbox 360]] and [[wikipedia:Microsoft Windows|Windows]]. The game takes place during the [[War of the Ring]] but adapts the seldom-mentioned battles that took place across [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]]. The game was released between [[1 November]] and [[25 November]] [[2011]].<ref name="FAQ Regions Release"/> The game will be based on both the books and the films.<ref name="sourceE">[http://www.gamefront.com/ Gamefront], [http://www.gamefront.com/gdc-11-war-in-the-north-hands-on/ GDC 11 – War in the North Hands-on], dated [[10 March]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[6 July]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
<br />
Although the game includes familiar locations from [[Middle-earth]] it doesn't deal with the core story of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', instead choosing to create a tale which didn't happen but could have done.<ref name="Dev Interview1">[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au Atomic MPC], "[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au/Feature/242441,lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north-dev-interview.aspx/1 Lord of the Rings: War in the North dev interview, page 1]", dated [[22 December|December 22]] [[2010]] (accessed [[5 February|February 5]], [[2011]])</ref> The player controls his own fellowship, a trio of fighters - [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], a [[Dúnedain|Dúnadan]] "[[Ranger of the North]]," [[Andriel]], an [[Elves|elven]] "Loremaster of [[Rivendell]]"<ref group=”note”>Orginally the human was a mage and the Elf a ranger, but their classes were switched.</ref> and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]], a [[Dwarves|dwarvern]] "Champion of Eriador" - to get behind enemy lines and have to stop [[Agandaûr]], the game's antagonist, before his plan succeeds.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
<br />
===Prologue===<br />
The game starts with an introduction, narrated by [[Gandalf]]. Gandalfs tells that heroes like [[Aragorn]], [[Frodo Baggins]] and Gandalf are honored much, but that withouth a few, not well known heroes - [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] - the north of [[Middle-earth]] would have been lost.<ref name="Prologue">[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref><br />
<br />
The game then switches to [[Bree]], where the three heroes make their way to the [[Prancing Pony]], just a few days before Frodo arrived in Bree. Arrived in the Prancing Pony, they find [[Aragorn]] in a corner of the inn. They tell Aragorn that the [[Nazgûl]] attacked and defeated the [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] at [[Sarn Ford]], and a flashback shown in which the [[Witch-king]] meets a [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]], [[Agandaûr]]. Eradan, Andriel and Farin overhear their conservation: Agandaûr tells he has summoned an army of [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] and assembled an army in [[Fornost]], to aid the [[Nazgûl]] in the [[Hunt of the Ring]]. The Witch-king sends Agandaûr back to Fornost, so he can attack immediatly. The flashback ends, and the game returns to the Prancing Pony<ref name="Prologue"/><br />
<br />
Farin asks Aragorn why the [[Nazgûl]] attack [[the Shire]], on which he answers that [[Frodo Baggins|a Hobbit]] with [[The One Ring|an important burden]] is making his way to Bree. And that this "must be protect on all cost". Aragorn sends Eradan, Andriel and Farin to Fornost, where they have to stop [[Agandaûr]]'s army before it can attack.<ref name="Prologue"/><br />
<br />
===Chapter 1: Fornost===<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rigns War in the North - Belarum & Orcs3.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Belarum]] - captured by [[Orcs]] and [[Goblins]] - in [[Fornost]].]]As soon as Eradan, Andriel and Farin enter the ruins of Fornost they are attacked by a band of [[Orcs]] and [[Goblins]]. After cleaning the main gate, they end up in the pits under Fornost. There they hear an animal screaming. After finding their way out of the pits, they find the source of the noise - a [[Eagles|giant Eagle]]. The three heroes unchain the Eagle and kill it's jailers. The Eagle introduces himself as [[Belarum]], a servant of [[Gwaihir]] who gathered news but was taken out of the air by siege engines and sorcerers. Together the Eagle and the three heroes make a plan: while Belarum would attract the enemy's attention, Eradan, Andriel and Farin would make their way up to the battlements to destroy the siege weapons.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Main Gate''</ref> The plan works out succesful, as all siege weapons aswell as two Orc sorcerers are destroyed.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Battlements''</ref> The player, furthermore, obtains a stroll with unreadable text.<ref name="Cult">[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Cult of the Lidless Eye''</ref><br />
<br />
When reaching the outer wards of Fornost, the players meets again with Belarum. The eagle thanks his rescuers again and tells them that he saw [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] within the ruins. While searching the two [[Half-elves]], they defeat a giant crossbow, used by [[Orcs]], and are trapped by a Troll. Just shortly after the death of the Troll, the sons of [[Elrond]] appear.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Eradan, Andriel & Farin2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] and [[Andriel]].]]Andriel introduces Eradan and Farin to Elladan and Elrohir, and informs them about their task. They collaborate in this task, but instead of just stopping the army to attack they decide to kill Agandaûr. The sons of Elrond guide the player to the citadel. They seperate, however, after defeating another giant crossbow. Eventually, they are locked on a bridge between two gates. After surviving an ambush, the sons of Elrond appear again and open the gate.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Inner Wards''</ref> After defeating another more ambushed, they arrive at the gate of the citadel. Which is protected by a magic spell, to stop intruders. While the sons of Elrond undo the magic, the player defends them against an attacking force of Orcs, Goblins and a Troll. As Eradan, Andriel, Farin, Elrohir and Elladan enter the citadel, Belarum remains outside to protect them against reinforcements.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref><br />
<br />
Inside, they overhear a conservation between Agandaûr and [[Tharzog]], chieftain of the [[Orcs]] of [[Mount Gram]]. Tharzog tells Agandaûr that there are intruders in Fornost, after which Agandaûr angrily commands him to find and kill them immediatly. After Agandaûr leaves, the player and the sons of Elrond go onward in the tower. Tharzog, however, notices them and as a gate is closed, the player is cut off from the sons of Elrond. Tharzog and his guard attack Eradan, Andriel and Farin, but the latter manage to kill him.<ref name="Citadel Tower">[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Citadel Tower''</ref><br />
<br />
At the same time, Elladan and Elrohir fight Agandaûr on the top of the Citadel tower. Agandaûr is no match for the twins alone, but when Eradan, Andriel and Farin join them he flees on the back of a [[Fell beast]]. Belarum attempt to chase him, but Agandaûr summons a thunderstorm and escapes.<ref name="Citadel Tower"/><br />
<br />
Belarum returns to Gwaihir, in the [[Misty Mountains]], to inform him about the events in Fornost, Elladan and Elrohir return to [[Rivendell]] and Eradan, Andriel and Farin go back to Sarn's Ford to inform Halbarad.<Ref name="Citadel Tower"/><br />
<br />
===Chapter 2: The Barrow Downs===<br />
<br />
The leader of the camp, [[Halbarad]], sends you to [[Rivendell]], where you've to speak with [[Aragorn]].<ref name="sourceF">[http://www.oxmonline.com/ Offical Xbox Magazine Online], [http://www.oxmonline.com/article/previews/g-l/lord-rings-war-north The Lord of the Rings: War in the North], dated [[28 April]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> The fellowship travels through the [[Barrow Downs]], where they have to find two lost rangers.<ref name="sourceF"/><br />
<br />
===Chapter 3: Ettenmoors===<br />
<br />
[[File:LOTR-WITN-Agandaur2.png|thumb|200px|[[Agandaûr]], the game's main antagonist.]]In [[Rivendell]] the fellowship meets several members of the [[Council of Elrond]],<ref name="sourceF"/> scout the land around Rivendell<ref name="sourceG">[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au/ Atomic Maximum Power Computing], [http://www.atomicmpc.com.au/Feature/242441,lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north-dev-interview.aspx/1 Lord of the Rings: War in the North dev interview], dated [[22 December]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> and fight [[Orcs]] with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]].<ref name="sourceC"/><br />
<br />
===Chapter 4: Gundabad===<br />
<br />
Whilst the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] travels towards [[Mordor]] to destroy [[the One Ring]], [[Sauron]] has sent one of his most cruel servants, the [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]] [[Agandaûr]], to the North to destroy [[Rivendell]] and defeat the [[Free peoples]] of [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]]. Eradan, Andriel and Farin travel to [[Gundabad]] to discover the strength of Agandaûr's army.<ref name="Gundabadtrailer">[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War of the North's Official Site], Media, Videos, Gameplay Video: Mount Gundabad, dated [[5 May]], [[2011]] (acessed at [[20 June]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
<br />
===Chapter 5: Mirkwood===<br />
<br />
Eradan, Andriel and Farin travel with Belarum to [[Mirkwood]] in search of [[Radagast]]. In the air they’re attacked by [[Wolfram]], a sorcerer and a [[Fell Beast]] rider, after which they fall from the Eagle’s back. They defeat Wolfram, after his death Wolfram’s Fell Beast tries to escape but is killed by Belarum. Andriel leads the others deeper into Mirkwood. They are ambushed by a group of Orcs and an Orc shaman. Eventually the fellowship enter a cave where they defeat a [[Cave-trolls|Cave-troll]].<ref name="sourceJ">[http://www.middleearthcenter.com/ Middle-earth Center], [http://www.middleearthcenter.com/2010/09/war-in-the-north-gameplay-demo-at-pax/ War in the North Gameplay Trailer at PAX], dated [[6 September]], [[2010]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
{{blockquote|Developed in association with Middle-earth Enterprises, The Lord of the Rings: War in the North explores both original and familiar narrative elements as Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment holds the rights to develop video games based on both the literary and motion picture content from The Lord of the Rings. Breaking new ground as a mature RPG video game set in Middle-earth, The Lord of the Rings: War in the North advances the RPG paradigm through innovative online, interdependent co-op play for up to three players who form their own Fellowship to fight Sauron’s forces in the North.<br/><br/>In The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, players can become the heroes in the great battle of the North as part of the epic War of the Ring. Exploring unseen lands, story elements and characters from Middle-earth as well as elements familiar from past feature films, gamers will experience extensive character customization and development, expansive co-op gameplay options and upgradeable weapons, skills and special abilities.|[[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]], product announcement<ref name="Product Announcement">[http://www.warinthenorth.com War in the North], "[http://www.warinthenorth.com/forums/showthread.php?7-Product-Announcement Product Announcement]", dated [[17 March|March 17]], [[2010]] (accessed [[5 February|February 5]], [[2011]])</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Commentators have noted that this is the first iteration of ''The Lord of the Rings''-based games which is aimed at an older audience - predicted to be the first game in the series to be given and M-rating - with the inclusion of graphic violence and gory bloody detail<ref name="Kotaku Throats">[http://kotaku.com Kotaku], "[http://kotaku.com/5563563/lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-norths-e3-trailer Lord Of The Rings: War In The North Is Cutting Throats, Taking Names], dated [[14 June|June 14]], [[2010]] (accessed [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref> with players being able decapitate orcs and slash limbs off enemies.<ref name="Kotaku Blood">[http://kotaku.com Kotaku], "[http://kotaku.com/5622861/there-will-be-orc-blood-in-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north There Will Be Orc Blood In Lord of the Rings: War in the North]", dated [[27 August|August 27]], [[2010]] (accessed [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref> When defeating enemies you can gain experience and loot. With experience you can gain new skills, there are twenty skills for each race.<ref name="sourceE"/> Every skill has five different ranks. Loot can also be found in chests. Some items can only be used by a certain race, therefore it is possible to trade with the other characters of your fellowship.<ref name="sourceH"/> The gameplay - in both single and multiplayer modes - revolves around strategically combining the different abilities of the threesome to good effect, for instance the dwarf can find treasure and spot weaknesses in structures, which lead to alternate roads,<ref name="sourceJ"/> whereas the man can find herbs to heal other party members. When in single-player, the other two characters will be controlled by computer AI.<ref name="Kotaku Party"/> Working together with the other characters of your fellowship is very important to defeat stronger enemies. <br />
<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Aragorn, Eradan, Andriel and Farin in the Prancing Pony.png|thumb|200px|[[Aragorn]], [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] at [[the Prancing Pony]].]] It is possible to co-up (cooperatieve mode) both local and online,<ref name="sourceE"/> players can join the game on every moment.<ref name="sourceH">[http://www.youtube.com/user/The1neRing The One Ring], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tk1OIy6Z8Ak&feature=related Lord of the Rings: War in the North Dev Interview at PAX], dated [[1 December]], [[2010]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> While the Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3 support split-screen, online split-screen and online multiplayer, the PC only includes online multiplayer.<ref name="sourceK">[http://asia.gamespot.com/?tag=header%3Blogo Gamespot Asia], [http://asia.gamespot.com/pc/rpg/the-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north/news.html?sid=6296919&mode=previews The Lord of the Rings: War in the North Q&A], dated [[31 January]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[6 July]], [[2011]])</ref> <br />
<br />
The game will not be open world, nevertheless some areas will be more open then others.<ref name="sourceB">[http://www.youtube.com/user/gamereactorTV Game Reactor TV], [ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfDfuN-8Bjo&feature=related Interview with Ian Scott], dated [[16 October]], [[2010]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> It is still unknown if it is possible to return to earlier locations. There will be severel NPC's (Non-playable characters) in the game, some of them will have a more passive role while others fight beside you.<ref name="sourceG"/> Like many RPG's the dialogue system is very important, and effects the game's storyline.<ref name="sourceE"/><br />
<br />
If you are in need of help you can call the eagle Belarum, who can help you to defeat bigger or stronger enemies. Calling him is limited in the begin, but while leveling you can find items which make it possible to call him. It is impossible to call Belarum underground or in building and there is a cool down for using him.<ref name="sourceD">[http://www.gamespot.com/?tag=header%3Blogo Gamespot], [http://www.gamespot.com/ps3/rpg/the-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north/video/6315977/the-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north--ruth-tomandl-interview The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Ruth Tomandl Interview (PlayStation 3)], dated [[1 June]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
<br />
==Featured Characters==<br />
<br />
===Playable Characters===<br />
<br />
[[File:2011-12-23 00017.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].]]<br />
* '''[[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]]:''' Eradan is Dúnedain and one of the Rangers that acompenied Aragorn as the [[Grey Company]]. He is very good in tracking enemies and fights with a sword and a bow. He can move undetected behind enemies with his skill ''evasion''.<ref name="sourceK"/><br />
* '''[[Andriel]]:''' Andriel is an Elf of Rivendell and was sended by [[Elrond]] to investigate [[Sauron]]'s armies that were gathering in Eriador and Rhovanion. One of her abilities can create a shield that protects her and the other characters of the fellowship against ranged attacks. She can use her staff as both a melee and a ranged weapon.<ref name="sourceK"/><br />
* '''[[Farin (video game character)|Farin]]:''' Farin is a dwarf of Erebor that has travelled to Eriador to repay his debt to [[Bilbo Baggins]]. He can be used as a tank and his strenght is in battle enemies in close quarters.<ref name="sourceK"/> His main weapon is an axe, but he uses a cross-bow as his ranged weapon.<ref name="sourceJ"/><br />
<br />
===Non-Playable Characters===<br />
[[File:Gandalf in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|thumb|200px|[[Gandalf]] in [[Rivendell]].]] <br />
*[[Aragorn]]<ref name="Dev Interview">[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au Atomic MPC], "[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au/Feature/242441,lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north-dev-interview.aspx/2 Lord of the Rings: War in the North dev interview, page 2]", dated [[22 December|December 22]] [[2010]] (accessed [[5 February|February 5]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
*[[Belarum]]<br />
*[[Elrond]]<ref name="Dev Interview"/><br />
*[[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]<ref name="Dev Interview"/><br />
*[[Halbarad]]<ref name="Dev Interview"/><br />
*[[Radagast]]<ref name="Dev Interview"/><br />
*[[Gandalf]]<ref name="sourceC"/><br />
*[[Barliman Butterbur]]<br />
*[[Witch-king]]<br />
<br />
===Cast===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"<br />
! Role !! Actor<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ike Amadi]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Laura Bailey]] || [[Andriel]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Laura Bailey|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=172161796208263&id=108182695882093|articlename=Untitled|dated=2 November, 2011|website=www.facebook.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Steven Jay Blum|Steve Blum]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Cygan]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Christine Dunford]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chris Edgerly]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Crispin Freeman]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Grant Goodeve]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Horvitz]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kim Mai Guest]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jennifer Hale]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Jessop]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bob Joles]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tom Kane]] || [[Gandalf]]<ref name="voices"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[Eric Lopez]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yuri Lowenthal]] || [[Frodo Baggins]]<ref name="voices"/><br />
|-<br />
| [[John Patrick Lowrie]] || [[Belarum]]/[[Galar]]<ref>{{webcite|author=John Patrick Lowrie|articleurl=http://johnpatricklowrie.com/about.html|articlename=About John|website=johnpatricklowrie.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Mike Madeoy]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jim Meskimen]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oliver Muirhead]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nolan North]] || [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]]<ref name="voices">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/news/35-game-info/644-qaa-the-voices-of-war-in-the-north|articlename=Q&A: The Voices of War in the North|dated=20 July, 2011|website=www.warinthenorth.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Liam O'Brien]] || [[Elladan]] & [[Elrohir]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Alexa Ray Corriea|articleurl=http://www.dualshockers.com/2011/12/01/naruto-catherine-voice-actor-liam-obrien-talks-vo-direction-script-adaptation/|articlename=Naruto, Catherine Voice Actor Liam O’Brien Talks VO, Direction, Script Adaptation|dated=11 December, 2011|website=www.dualshockers.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[John Olson]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jim Piddock]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Phil Proctor]] ||Radagast the Brown<br />
|-<br />
| [[Keith Szarabajka]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fred Tatasciore]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Courtenay Taylor]] || [[Arwen]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Courtenay Taylor|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=246668622060131&id=165300733615|articlename=It's good to be a half-elf|dated=23 November 2011|website=www.facebook.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Jen Taylor]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| [[Paula Tiso]] ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Featured Locations==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|thumb|200px|Concept art of [[Rivendell]].]]<br />
*[[Ettenmoors]]<ref name="Kotaku Blood"/><br />
*[[Mirkwood]]<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/locations The Lord of the Rings: War of the North's Official Site], Locations (accesed at [[6 February]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
*[[Rivendell]]<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War of the North's Official Site], Media, Videos, The Black Númenórean, dated [[1 February]], [[2011]] (accesed at [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
*[[Carn Dûm]]<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War of the North's Offical Site], Media, Videos, Behind the Scenes: The Untold Story, dated [[17 February]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[20 June]], [[2011]]</ref><br />
*[[Sarn Ford]]<ref>[http://www.gamefront.com/ Gamefront], [http://www.gamefront.com/gdc-11-war-in-the-north-hands-on/ GDC 11 – War in the North Hands-on], dated [[10 March]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[23 June]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
*[[Gundabad]]<ref name="Gundabadtrailer"/><br />
*[[Barrow Downs]]<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War in the North's Official Site], Media, Videos, Dev Video: Art Direction Process, dated [[11 May]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[20 June]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
*[[Bree]]<ref name="Heroes Will Rise Trailer">[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War in the North's Official Site], Media, Videos, Heroes Will Rise, dated [[1 June]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[20 June]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
*[[Fornost]]<ref name="Heroes Will Rise Trailer"/><br />
*[[Nordinbad]]<br />
*[[Osgiliath]]<br />
*[[Lórien]]<br />
<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Osgiliath.png|thumb|150px|Concept art of [[Osgiliath]].]]<br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
<br />
Development on War in the North started at early [[2010]] or late [[2009]], [[Middle-earth Enterprises|Saul Zaentz Company]] claimed the name ''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North'' in [[June]] 2009.<ref>[http://www.cinemablend.com/games/ Cinema Blend], [http://www.cinemablend.com/games/Lord-Of-The-Rings-War-In-The-North-Revealed-18358.html Lord Of The Rings: War In The North Revealed], dated [[28 June]], [[2009]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> Though, the game wasn't officially announced untill [[18 March]] 2011.<ref>[http://www.cinemablend.com/games/ Cinema Blend], [http://www.cinemablend.com/games/Lord-of-the-Rings-War-in-the-North-Announced-For-PS3-Xbox-360-PC-23485.html Lord of the Rings: War in the North Announced For PS3, Xbox 360 and PC], dated [[18 March]], [[2010]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> Since its announcement several [[:Category:Images from The Lord of the Rings: War in the North|images]], [[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North#Traillers|traillers]] and concept art of several locations and characters has been released.<br />
<br />
== Trailers ==<br />
<center>{{#ev:youtubehd|_gP-_r27n9Y|600}}</center><br />
<br />
Since the first announcement in March 2010, Warner Bros. have periodically released trailers demonstrating various aspects of the gameplay and revealing the characters and locations. All video links are to [[wikipedia:YouTube|YouTube]], and times are in minutes:<br />
<br />
<table class="TGtable" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 auto;"><tr><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Video'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Length'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Release Date'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Description'''</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0pwTB8Q7S0 Unite Your Fellowship]</td><td>1:03</td><td>17 March 2010</td><td>Teaser trailer; short clips of action and trolls</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKStFFNaYtk E3 2010 Trailer]</td><td>1:03</td><td>10 June 2010</td><td></td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=is_pfU9aEcU Extended Fellowship Trailer]</td><td>1:34</td><td>12 August 2010</td><td>Expanded version of teaser trailer</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HihZA3tqe-Q War in the North @ PAX 2010]</td><td>1:22</td><td>c. September 2010</td><td>Coverage of [[wikipedia:Penny Arcade Expo#PAX Prime 2010|Penny Arcade Expo]] [[2010]] exhibit</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDnwgqLiLFs Untold Story]</td><td>1:22</td><td>17 November 2010</td><td>Outline of plot with various shots of locations</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6k1WUJj5IgU Snowblind Tolkien Toast 2011]</td><td>1:22</td><td>3 January 2011</td><td>No gameplay; Snowblind's [[Birthday Toast#Tolkien Society tradition|birthday toast]]</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8E9I_9YY4s The Black Númenórean]</td><td>1:59</td><td>1 February 2011</td><td>Exploration of [[Agandaûr]], the game's antagonist</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmuewonJQ04 Behind the Scenes: The Untold Story]</td><td>2:38</td><td>17 February 2011</td><td>Outline of the several locations of the game</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNOAPFrUQ6I Brutal Combat Trailer]</td><td>1:35</td><td>9 March 2011</td><td>Coverage of The War in the North's combat gameplay</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwCJYeNBSV8 Pax East Hands-On]</td><td>0:52</td><td>16 March 2011</td><td>Coverage of [[wikipedia:Penny Arcade Expo#PAX East 2011|Penny Arcade Expo]] [[2011]] exhibit</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXPDZanJO4o Blood and Steel: The Combat of War in the North]</td><td>2:33</td><td>31 March 2011</td><td>Exploration of game's combat and [[Middle-earth]]'s darker side</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Upa4XNEkGac Combat Vignette]</td><td>0:44</td><td>13 April 2011</td><td>Gameplay vignette covering the different combat styles</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFsfq_CiCsc Gameplay Video: Mount Gundabad]</td><td>2:28</td><td>5 May 2011</td><td>Exploration of the gameplay in [[Gundabad]]</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftN5lcwLCAg Snowblind Studio Tour]</td><td>2:42</td><td>11 May 2011</td><td>No gameplay; A guide through Snowblind's studio</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKu_v_NH7Ro Dev Video: Art Direction Process]<td>2:09</td><td>11 May 2011</td><td>Coverage of art, including concept art of several locations</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZoCGgyJFXU Prepare for War: Weapon Development]</td><td>2:01</td><td>12 May 2011</td><td>Coverage of weapons</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YTAhYUzMz4 Heroes will Rise]</td><td>1:36</td><td>1 June 2011</td><td>Teaser trailer</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d117As-YYU8 Belarum Gameplay Trailer]</td><td>0:48</td><td>22 June 2011</td><td>Exploration of [[Belarum]], one of the games’ main characters</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ksRj9JUoEmc Behind the Scenes with new heroes]</td><td>2:14</td><td>24 June 2011</td><td>Coverage of some of the several characters</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QKeawNFowM E3 Walkthrough]</td><td>2:34</td><td>1 July 2011</td><td>Walkthrough of the game at [[wikipedia:Electronic Entertainment Expo|Electronic Entertainment Expo]] (E3)</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYbdkAIpE1s The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Movie Touchpoints Trailer]</td><td>2:04</td><td>7 July 2011</td><td>Game trailers; uses fragments from [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCQ_yFKD0Vg The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Fellowship Trailer]</td><td>2:00</td><td>20 July 2011</td><td>Teaser trailer</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/champions/ The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Champions Trailer]</td><td></td><td>August 2011</td><td>Interactive trailer</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA3XbulIiEg I Love The Lord of the Rings: Dev Video with Jason Olander]</td><td>2:34</td><td>8 September 2011</td><td>A dev video with Jason Olander, who tells about his love for [[The Lord of the Rings]] and how it applies at his work</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2hcwd_CbRI Power of Three]</td><td>1:35</td><td>23 September 2011</td><td>Cinematic trailer focussing on the main characters: [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]]</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrUlKRvzWrs Behind the Scenes - Power of Three]</td><td>2:34</td><td>29 September 2011</td><td>Focusses on the three main characters, [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]]. Also covers co-up and introduces Challenge mode for the first time</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JipmtK2bD0E Eradan Character Vignete]</td><td>1:48</td><td>18 October</td><td>Trailer totally dedicated to [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], the [[Dúnedain|Dúnadan]]/[[Men|Human]] character</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eL-IHf4wB3w Farin Character Vignete]</td><td>1:48</td><td>21 October 2011</td><td>Trailer totally dedicated to [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]], the [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] character</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mBBXe5vuxo Andriel Character Vignete]</td><td>1:48</td><td>21 October 2011</td><td>Trailer totally dedicated to [[Andriel]], the [[Elves|Elf]] character</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gP-_r27n9Y Fight Together or Die Alone! The Lord of the Rings: War in the North Official Launch Trailer]</td><td>1:12</td><td>28 October 2012</td><td>Final teaser trailer, featuring many characters and locations of the game</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYnVnQ9OAig LOTR WITN - G4 Exclusive - Slay the Orcs]</td><td>2:55</td><td>3 November 2011</td><td>Review of ''[[wikipedia:X-Play|X-play]]'', includes interviews with actors of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings films]]</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6fBComKGsw WITN - Love of Middle-earth]</td><td>5:13</td><td>4 November 2011</td><td>Interviews with actors and scholars about War in the North, ''The Lord of the Rings'' and Middle-earth</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BjJSm3WwpY WITN - Slay the Orcs]</td><td>5:12</td><td>4 November 2011</td><td>Interviews with actors and scholars about War in the North, ''The Lord of the Rings'' and Middle-earth</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa3b3wyLJD0 WITN - The Legend of the Rings]</td><td>5:27</td><td>4 November 2011</td><td>Interviews with actors and scholars about War in the North, ''The Lord of the Rings'' and Middle-earth</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQ2ziyUPXfg The New Fellowship]</td><td>5:29</td><td>4 November 2011</td><td>Interviews with actors and scholars about War in the North, ''The Lord of the Rings'' and Middle-earth</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VojHFM5qAwc Combat Tactics: Dodging Tharzog - The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]</td><td>1:18</td><td>29 November 2011</td><td>Video expaining how to use "Dodging" to defeat [[Tharzog]] in Chapter 1: Fornost</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duZa_cG9EsM Combat Tactics: Siege of Nordinbad - The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]</td><td>1:21</td><td>8 December 2011</td><td>Video expaining how to defend the gate in ''Siege of Nordinbad''</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ya9ccKBK-R8 Combat Tactics -- Sanctuary at Barrow-downs]</td><td>1:50</td><td>19 December 2011</td><td></td>Video expaining how to use Andriel's "Sanctuary" skill to complete Chapter 2: Barrow Downs</td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_uUYaGn2Ug Combat Tactics -- Evasion at Mirkwood]</td><td>1:50</td><td>23 January 2012</td><td>Video expaining how to use Eradan's "Evasion" skill to complete Chapter 5: Mirkwood</td></tr><br />
<br />
</table><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<center>{{Gallery<br />
|title=Wallpapers and Concept Art of '''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North.'''<br />
|height=200<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Ettenmoors.jpg|Concept Art of the [[Ettenmoors]].<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Mirkwood-1-.jpg|Concept Art of [[Mirkwood]].<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Osgiliath.png|Concept Art of [[Osgiliath]].<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|Concept Art of [[Rivendell]].<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the North - Concept Art of Eradan1.png|Concept Art of [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]].<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the North - Concept Art of Andriel1.png|Concept Art of [[Andriel]].<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the Nortgh - Farin (video game character).png|Concept Art of [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Agandaur2.png|Concept Art of [[Agandaûr]].<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the North - Andriel wallpaper.png|Concept Art of [[Andriel]].<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the North - Agandaûr wallpaper.png|Wallpaper of [[Agandaûr]].<br />
}}</center><br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
<br />
The first release date of War in the North was [[1 November]] [[2011]] in North America and the latest release date will be on [[25 November]] [[2011]] in the United Kingdom.<ref name="FAQ Regions Release"/> All release dates are in 2011.<br />
<br />
<table class="TGtable" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 auto;"><tr><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Region'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Release date'''<ref name="FAQ Regions Release"/></td></tr><br />
<br />
<tr><td>North America</td><td>1 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Africa</td><td>4 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Middle East</td><td>4 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Low Countries</td><td>4 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Ireland</td><td>4 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Southern Europe (except Spain)</td><td>4 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Eastern Europe (except Russia)</td><td>4 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>South America (except Brazil)</td><td>4 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Northern Europe</td><td>8 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Germany</td><td>9 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Russia</td><td>9 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>France</td><td>10 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Spain</td><td>11 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Australia and New Zealand</td><td>16 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Brazil</td><td>17 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td>25 November</td></tr><br />
<tr><td>Asia (except Middle East and Russia)</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><br />
<br />
</table><br />
<br />
===Collector's Edition===<br />
[[File:LOTR-WITN-Collector's Edition.png|thumb|150px|The collector's edition of '''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North'''.]] Besides the normal version of the game, a collector's edition will be released. This collector's edition will include an artbook, a behind-the-scenes music dvd, a quiver case as well as access to digital gubbins: icons, avatars and themes. Some retailers give extra add-ons. Both the collector's Edition and the special add-ons will be avaible in North-America and Europe; it is still unknown if it will be avaible in other parts of the world.<ref>[http://www.thesixthaxis.com/ The Six Thaxis], [http://www.thesixthaxis.com/2011/07/05/war-in-the-north-collectors-edition-revealed/ War In The North Collector's Edition Revealed], dated [[5 July]], [[2011]] (accessed [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|It's a very handsome game with well voiced cutscenes, and places the compelling Lord of the Rings realm in the hands of a developer with solid RPG credentials. Fans of both have good reason to look forward to a unique entry in the series.|[http://www.kotaku.com Kotaku]<ref name="Kotaku Party"/>}}<br />
<br />
Commentators immediately picked up on Snowblind Studios' experience with role-playing games (such as ''[[wikipedia:Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance|Baldur's Gate]]'' and ''[[wikipedia:Champions of Norrath: Realms of EverQuest|Champions of Norrath: Realms of EverQuest]]'') along with frequent mentions of the more "mature" and "brutal"<ref name="CVG E3">[http://www.computerandvideogames.com ComputerAndVideoGames.com], "[http://www.computerandvideogames.com/251028/news/lotr-war-in-the-north-screens/ E3 2010: LOTR: War in the North screens], dated [[14 June|June 14]] [[2010]] (accessed [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref> design of the game, and the desire for an action RPG in the manner of previous Snowblind games.<ref name="Kotaku Untold">[http://kotaku.com Kotaku], "[http://kotaku.com/5693451/the-untold-story-of-the-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north The Untold Story Of The Lord Of The Rings: War In The North]", [[18 November|November 18]], [[2010]] (accessed [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref><br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images from The Lord of the Rings: War in the North|Images from The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'', a [[2010]] game also published by [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]]<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'', a [[2006]] game which also took place in the north of [[Middle-earth]]<br />
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North (Soundtrack)]]'', soundtrack of the game<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*'''[http://www.warinthenorth.com/ Official Website]'''<br />
*[http://twitter.com/#!/warinthenorth Official Twitter page]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Action games]]<br />
[[Category:Microsoft Windows games]]<br />
[[Category:PlayStation 3 games]]<br />
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings: War in the North|*]]<br />
[[Category:Warner Bros. Interactive games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Hobbit&diff=186923The Hobbit2012-02-29T17:31:31Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Countdown}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{disambig-more|There and Back Again|[[There and Back Again (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{book<br />
|title=The Hobbit<br />
|image=[[Image:The Hobbit (1937).png|225px]]<br />
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
|publisher=[[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]]; [[Houghton Mifflin]]<br />
|date=[[21 September]] [[1937]]; [[1938]]<br />
|format=<br />
|pages=<br />
|isbn=<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Hobbit, or There and Back Again''''', better known as '''''The Hobbit''''', is the first of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien]] published books set within [[Arda]]. It was first published on [[21 September]] [[1937]] by [[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]] in the United Kingdom, and was subsequently followed by the publication of Tolkien's ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in [[1954]] and [[1955]].<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
{{hchapters}}<br />
[[Image:Donato Giancola - The Hobbit - Expulsion.jpg|thumb|left|220px|''The Hobbit'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit, is smoking in his porchway one day when Gandalf the Wizard visits him. After a lengthy discussion, during which Bilbo uses the phrase "Good Morning" several times, in several different ways, Bilbo, finding himself flustered, invites Gandalf to tea, and goes back inside his hobbit hole with a final "Good Morning". Gandalf scratches a secret mark on Bilbo's front door, which translated means 'Burglar wants a good job, plenty of excitement and reasonable reward'. Thirteen Dwarves ([[Thorin]], [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Dwalin]], [[Balin]], [[Bifur]], [[Kíli]], [[Fíli]], [[Bofur]], [[Dori]], [[Bombur]], [[Nori]], and [[Ori]]) show up and begin excitedly discussing their planned treasure hunt while the hapless Bilbo provides the obligatory hospitality. After the dwarves clean up their mess, a map is produced and Gandalf arranges for Bilbo to get the burglary job&mdash;as well as to break the unlucky number 13. The company's quest: kill [[Smaug]], the [[Dragons|dragon]] who seized the [[Lonely Mountain]] (Erebor) from the Dwarves' forefathers, and, using a secret door into the mountain, recapture it, dividing the riches within its halls.<br />
<br />
The next morning, after oversleeping and nearly missing the start of the journey, Bilbo goes off with the Dwarves. They are nearly eaten by three [[Trolls]], but Gandalf tricks the trolls into staying up all night whereupon they are turned into stone by the first light of dawn. (The stone trolls appear later in ''The Lord of the Rings''.) In the troll's cave they find some swords. Bilbo acquires [[Sting]], which glows blue in the presence of [[Orcs|Goblins]] (another name for [[Orcs]]).<br />
<br />
The party travels to [[Rivendell]] where they enjoy the hospitality of the [[Elves]], then proceed eastwards towards the [[Misty Mountains]]. There they are ambushed by goblins (Orcs), and carried under the mountain. They run away, and during the escape Bilbo loses the Dwarves. Alone in the dark after running away from the goblins, Bilbo finds a [[The One Ring|ring]] on the floor of a cave passage and puts it into his pocket. <br />
<br />
Continuing down, he finds himself at the shore of an underground lake. [[Gollum]] quietly paddles up in his boat, and the two enact the [[Riddle-game]], under the condition that if Bilbo wins, Gollum will show him the way out, but if he loses, Gollum will eat Bilbo. After several [[Riddles]], which each manages to answer, Bilbo, whilst fiddling in his pocket unable to think of a riddle, asks himself aloud "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum thinks this is supposed to be the next riddle, and as it doesn't comply with the rules of the riddle game, demands three guesses; in the end he fails to guess the answer. Bilbo demands his reward, but Gollum refuses and paddles off in his boat to an island in the lake, upon which he lives. After searching around for a while asking aloud "where is it? wheres my precious!?" to which Bilbo replies, "I don't know and I don't care, I just want to get out of here", Gollum becomes suspicious, gets in his boat, and starts paddling back across the lake towards Bilbo. Gollum is unable to find the one weapon he could use to betray and kill Bilbo, a magic ring that makes its wearer invisible; driven by rage, Gollum starts to realize the real answer to Bilbo's previous question "What have I got in my pocket?". Bilbo realises his life is in mortal danger and makes his escape down the maze of pitch black tunnels, and Gollum gives chase. Bilbo trips, and finds the ring on his finger. Realising he has no chance to escape his pursuer, he stays where he is and prepares to meet his fate, but Gollum runs right over him. Bilbo realises the ring makes him invisible. He manages to escape past Gollum, who has gone to guard the only exit, and finds his way to the surface where he rejoins the Dwarves.<br />
<br />
Descending from the [[Misty Mountains]], they survive an encounter with [[Wargs]] (wild wolf creatures) by climbing trees. Eagles rescue them. Then they meet [[Beorn]], a man who can transform into a bear. They depart, having rested for several days. Gandalf leaves soon on an errand. The party traverses the great forest [[Mirkwood]], eventually running out of supplies. Gandalf had warned them not to leave the path, but they saw fire and heard singing, so, hopeless, they leave the path to beg food from [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]], only to get lost. They are captured by giant spiders, but Bilbo rescues the Dwarves by becoming invisible and killing many spiders with Sting. Elves then capture the Dwarves and imprison them, but Bilbo manages to sneak into the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]]'s palace unnoticed using the ring; he then helps the Dwarves escape in barrels floated down the river.[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves (II).jpg|thumb|200px|''Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
<br />
After staying for a short period of time at [[Lake-town]], the treasure-seekers proceed to the Lonely Mountain. Finding themselves unable to locate the secret door, the company sit down disconsolate on a cliff. Hearing a thrush knocking on a stone, Bilbo looks up just in time to see the last rays of the Sun of [[Durin's Day]], shining on the cliff wall, to magically reveal the secret door (as was foretold by [[moon-letters]] upon a map that the company was in possession of). Bilbo is sent down to encounter Smaug. The dragon, realising the Company received help from the people of Laketown, sets out to destroy it. However, the thrush that had been knocking on the stone, was no ordinary bird but of an ancient race with whom the men of the lake could communicate, and it had heard Bilbo's report to the dwarves, that Smaug had a bare patch on his belly that could be used to slaughter him, if only you could get close enough. It conveyed this message to one [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]], who seeing the bare patch in the belly of Smaug, despatched the dragon with a single arrow, thus allowing the party of Dwarves to take possession of the treasure.<br />
<br />
The citizens of Laketown arrive to make historical claims and demand compensation for the help they had rendered, as well as reparations for the damage Smaug inflicted during his attack. They're joined by the Elves, who also demand a share based on historical claims. The Dwarves refuse all negotiations and in turn summon kin from the north to strengthen their position. Seeing no other way to avert a war, Bilbo uses the ring to steal the prized [[Arkenstone]] from the Dwarves, which he uses to broker peace.<br />
<br />
Just as a grudging truce is agreed to, the three armies at the Lonely Mountain (Elves, Men and Dwarves) are attacked by [[Orcs|Goblins]] and [[Wargs]] from the Misty Mountains. A bitter battle ensues, named the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. Though suffering heavy losses, Elves, Men and Dwarves prevail. The treasure is apportioned. Bilbo refuses most of the riches, realising he has no way to bring them back home; he nevertheless takes enough with him to make himself a wealthy hobbit and live happily thereafter, unaware of the dangerous nature of his [[The One Ring|ring]].<br />
<br />
==Conception==<br />
Tolkien recollects in a 1955 letter to [[W.H. Auden]] (''Letters'', [[Letter 163|no. 163]]) that, in the late 1920s, when he was Professor of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] at [[Pembroke College]], ''The Hobbit'' began when he was marking School Certificate papers, on the back of one of which he wrote the words "In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit". He did not go any further than that at the time, although in the following years he drew up Thrór's map, outlining the geography of the tale. The tale itself he wrote in the early 1930s, and it was eventually published because he lent it to the Reverend Mother of Cherwell Edge when she was sick with the flu; while the Reverend Mother was in possession of the manuscript, it was seen by the 10-year old son of Sir Stanley Unwin, [[Rayner Unwin]], who wrote such an enthusiastic review of the book that it was published by [[Allen and Unwin]].<br />
<br />
Tolkien introduced or mentioned characters and places that figured prominently in his legendarium, specifically [[Elrond]] and [[Gondolin]], along with elements from Germanic legend. But the decision that the events of ''The Hobbit'' could belong to the same universe as ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was made only after successful publication, when the publisher asked for a sequel. Accordingly, ''The Hobbit'' serves both as an introduction to Middle-Earth and as a link between earlier and later events described in ''The Silmarillion'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'', respectively.<br />
<br />
Although a fairy tale, the novel is both complex and sophisticated: it contains many names and words derived from Norse mythology, and central plot elements from the ''[[Beowulf]]'' epic, it makes use of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] [[Runes]], information on calendars and moon phases, and detailed geographical descriptions that fit well with the accompanying maps. Near the end, the tale takes on epic proportions.<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
During his time as a professor at the [[University of Oxford]] Tolkien studied Anglo-Saxon. One of the Anglo-Saxon pieces of literature he studied is the epic poem ''[[Beowulf]]'', about which he wrote essays such as ''[[The Monsters and the Critics]]''. Interesting parallels can be found between ''The Hobbit'' and ''Beowulf''.<br />
<br />
The plots of the two stories are very similar. In both of them a party of 13 sets out to seek satisfaction for a crime committed by a dragon. Both parties contain a thief, which in ''The Hobbit'' is Bilbo, who steals a cup from the sleeping dragon's hoard by using a secret passage. Both dragons then awake from their deep slumber and cause terror and destruction. Both dragons are well protected by their armour, a natural one in ''Beowulf'' and one made of gold and diamonds in ''The Hobbit'', but finally they are killed.<br />
<br />
But not only the plots share similarities, both main characters, Bilbo and Beowulf, share characteristics. Both heroes defy their enemies with their supernatural power, which in Bilbo's case is the ring and in Beowulf's case is his supernatural strength. While Beowulf has the help of God, Bilbo often prevails because of his sheer luck. Both are of noble ancestry and both get separated from their group, Bilbo in the mountains, Beowulf when he is captured by Grendel's mother.<br />
<br />
Additionally some elements of Anglo-Saxon culture can be found. In both books a king, which in Anglo-Saxon sometimes is called ring or gold giver, awards his warriors with treasures and war gear. In Anglo-Saxon culture poems are important, as they contain the people's history and they are sung by scops. Two of these songs are found in ''Beowulf'' and more in ''The Hobbit''. Tolkien's dwarves particularly mirror Anglo-Saxon society, both in their warrior nature and in their desire for jewelry and war gear. The dwarven writing system, or [[Cirth]], also has clear influences from Anglo-Saxon runic alphabets such as ''Futhark''.<br />
<br />
==Publications and editions==<br />
George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London published the [[The Hobbit 1st edition|first edition of ''The Hobbit'']] on [[21 September]] [[1937]]. It was illustrated with many black-and-white drawings by Tolkien himself. The original printing numbered a mere 1,500 copies and sold out by [[15 December]] that same year due to enthusiastic reviews. Houghton Mifflin of Boston and New York prepared an American edition to be released early in 1938 in which four of the illustrations would be colour plates. Allen & Unwin decided to incorporate the colour illustrations into their second printing, released at the end of 1937.<ref>{{webcite|author=Laura Massey|articleurl=http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/blog/2012/01/identifying-collecting-tolkien-first-editions/|articlename=Identifying & Collecting Tolkien First Editions|dated=9 January 2012|website=[http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/ PeterHarrington.co.uk]|accessed=12 January 2012}}</ref> Despite the book's popularity, wartime conditions forced the London publisher to print small runs of the remaining two printings of the first edition.<br />
<br />
As remarked above, Tolkien substantially revised ''The Hobbit'''s text describing Bilbo's dealings with Gollum in order to blend the story better into what ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' had become. This revision became the second edition, published in 1951 in both UK and American editions. Slight corrections to the text have appeared in the third (1966) and fourth editions (1978).<br />
<br />
New [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|English-language editions of ''The Hobbit'']] spring up often, despite the book's age, with [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|at least fifty editions]] having been published to date. Each comes from a different publisher or bears distinctive cover art, internal art, or substantial changes in format. The text of each generally adheres to the Allen & Unwin edition extant at the time it is published.<br />
<br />
''The Hobbit'' has been translated into many languages. Known languages, with the first date of publishing, are:<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
* Breton (2000)<br />
* Belarusian (2002)<br />
* Bulgarian (1975)<br />
* Catalan (1983)<br />
* Chinese (Traditional characters,1996; new translation 2001)<br />
* Czech (1973)<br />
* Danish (1969)<br />
* Dutch (1960)<br />
* Esperanto (2000, ''[[La hobito]]'')<br />
* Estonian (1977)<br />
* Faroese (1990)<br />
* Finnish (1973)<br />
* French (1969)<br />
* Frisian (2009)<br />
* Galician (2000)<br />
* German (1957; new translation 1997)<br />
* Greek (1978)<br />
* Hebrew (1976)<br />
* Hungarian (1975)<br />
* Icelandic (1978)<br />
|<br />
* Irish (forthcoming)<br />
* Indonesian (1977)<br />
* Italian (1973)<br />
* Japanese (1965)<br />
* Latvia ( 1990) <br />
* Lithuanian (1985)<br />
* Norwegian (1972)<br />
* Persian (1383 = 2004)<br />
* Polish (1960; new translations 1997 and 2002)<br />
* Portuguese (1962)<br />
* Romanian (1975, [[O poveste cu un hobbit (1975)|''O poveste cu un hobbit'']])<br />
* Russian (1976: [[Tolkien Through Russian Eyes | 9 different translations total]])<br />
* Serbo-Croatian (1975)<br />
* Slovak (1973)<br />
* Spanish (1964)<br />
* Swedish (1947, ''[[Hompen]]''; new translation 1962)<br />
* Thai (2002)<br />
* Turkish (1996)<br />
* Ukrainian (1985) <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Adaptations==<br />
''The Hobbit'' has been adapted for other media. [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]] broadcast [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' radio drama]], adapted by [[Michael Kilgarriff]], in eight parts (4 hours) from September to November [[1968]], which starred [[Anthony Jackson]] as narrator, [[Paul Daneman]] as Bilbo and [[Heron Carvic]] as Gandalf.<br />
<br />
[[Middle-earth]] has been featured in songs notably by [[Enya]] and the [[Brobdingnagian Bards]]. [[Led Zeppelin]]'s songs "Misty Mountain Hop" and "Ramble On" both contain references to Tolkien's mystical world. For ''The Hobbit'' itself, "The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins", performed by [[Leonard Nimoy]] as part of his 1968 ''Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy'' album, is the most pertinent because it recounts the book's storyline in its two minutes. The ballad's music video became a minor Internet meme in the early 2000s when ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]'' movies were released.<br />
<br />
In 1974, Argo Records released an audio adaption of the Hobbit, with Nicol Williamson providing the voices for all the characters in the book. It was an abridged adaption, as Williamson re-edited the original script, removing many instances of "he said", "she said" and so on, preferring instead to rely on his vocal characteristics to convey who was saying what to whom, feeling that this would keep the audience engrossed in the story rather than slowing the overall pace.<br />
<br />
An [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|animated version]] of the story debuted as a television movie in the United States in [[1977]]. <br />
<br />
The [[David T. Wenzel's The Hobbit|"Graphic Novel" adaptation of ''The Hobbit'']] by [[David T. Wenzel]] is one of the most successful graphic format adaptations of a piece of classic literature. <br />
<br />
Several computer and video games, both official and unofficial, have been based on the story. One of the first was ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|The Hobbit]]'', a computer game developed in [[1982]] by Beam Software and published by Melbourne House for most computers available at the time, from the more popular computers such as the ZX Spectrum, and the Commodore 64, through to such esoteric computers as the Dragon 32 and Oric computers. By arrangement with publishers, a copy of the novel was included with each game sold.<br />
<br />
Vivendi Universal Games published ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit: Prelude to The Lord of the Rings]]'' in 2003 for Windows PCs, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. It is a hack and slash game produced as a prequel to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' video games, but also as a softer version of those two games: less brutal, fewer enemies but with an important platform aspect, the game was designed for smaller children. A similar version of this game was also published for the Game Boy Advance.<br />
<br />
Filming on [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]] began in 2011, under the direction of [[Peter Jackson]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[The Quest of Erebor]]<br />
*[[English-language editions of The Hobbit]]<br />
*[[:Category:Characters in The Hobbit|Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.hobbit.ca/Library.html collection of edition covers, 1937&ndash;2005]<br />
* [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/html/the_hobbit.htm Every UK edition of The Hobbit]<br />
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/reviews/dutch-de_hobbit.htm Every Dutch edition of The Hobbit]<br />
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/translations/hobbits/index.htm Hobbits around the globe - gallery]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Hobbit''}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbit}}<br />
[[Category:Fiction books]]<br />
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
[[Category:Publications by title]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Der kleine Hobbit]]<br />
[[fa:هابیت (کتاب)]]<br />
[[fi:Hobitti eli Sinne ja takaisin]]<br />
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/bh]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Hobbit&diff=186747The Hobbit2012-02-23T09:19:24Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Countdown}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{disambig-more|There and Back Again|[[There and Back Again (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{book<br />
|title=The Hobbit<br />
|image=[[Image:The Hobbit (1937).png|225px]]<br />
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
|publisher=[[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]]; [[Houghton Mifflin]]<br />
|date=[[21 September]] [[1937]]; [[1938]]<br />
|format=<br />
|pages=<br />
|isbn=<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Hobbit, or There and Back Again''''', better known as '''''The Hobbit''''', is the first of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien]] published books set within [[Arda]]. It was first published on [[21 September]] [[1937]] by [[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]] in the United Kingdom, and was subsequently followed by the publication of Tolkien's ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in [[1954]] and [[1955]].<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
{{hchapters}}<br />
[[Image:Donato Giancola - The Hobbit - Expulsion.jpg|thumb|left|220px|''The Hobbit'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit, is smoking in his porchway one day when Gandalf the Wizard visits him. After a lengthy discussion, during which Bilbo uses the phrase "Good Morning" several times, in several different ways, Bilbo, finding himself flustered, invites Gandalf to tea, and goes back inside his hobbit hole with a final "Good Morning". Gandalf scratches a secret mark on Bilbo's front door, which translated means 'Burglar wants a good job, plenty of excitement and reasonable reward'. Thirteen Dwarves ([[Thorin]], [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Dwalin]], [[Balin]], [[Bifur]], [[Kíli]], [[Fíli]], [[Bofur]], [[Dori]], [[Bombur]], [[Nori]], and [[Ori]]) show up and begin excitedly discussing their planned treasure hunt while the hapless Bilbo provides the obligatory hospitality. After the dwarves clean up their mess, a map is produced and Gandalf arranges for Bilbo to get the burglary job&mdash;as well as to break the unlucky number 13. The company's quest: kill [[Smaug]], the [[Dragons|dragon]] who seized the [[Lonely Mountain]] (Erebor) from the Dwarves' forefathers, and, using a secret door into the mountain, recapture it, dividing the riches within its halls.<br />
<br />
The next morning, after oversleeping and nearly missing the start of the journey, Bilbo goes off with the Dwarves. They are nearly eaten by three [[Trolls]], but Gandalf tricks the trolls into staying up all night whereupon they are turned into stone by the first light of dawn. (The stone trolls appear later in ''The Lord of the Rings''.) In the troll's cave they find some swords. Bilbo acquires [[Sting]], which glows blue in the presence of [[Orcs|Goblins]] (another name for [[Orcs]]).<br />
<br />
The party travels to [[Rivendell]] where they enjoy the hospitality of the [[Elves]], then proceed eastwards towards the [[Misty Mountains]]. There they are ambushed by goblins (Orcs), and carried under the mountain. They run away, and during the escape Bilbo loses the Dwarves. Alone in the dark after running away from the goblins, Bilbo finds a [[The One Ring|ring]] on the floor of a cave passage and puts it into his pocket. <br />
<br />
Continuing down, he finds himself at the shore of an underground lake. [[Gollum]] quietly paddles up in his boat, and the two enact the [[Riddle-game]], under the condition that if Bilbo wins, Gollum will show him the way out, but if he loses, Gollum will eat Bilbo. After several [[Riddles]], which each manages to answer, Bilbo, whilst fiddling in his pocket unable to think of a riddle, asks himself aloud "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum thinks this is supposed to be the next riddle, and as it doesn't comply with the rules of the riddle game, demands three guesses; in the end he fails to guess the answer. Bilbo demands his reward, but Gollum refuses and paddles off in his boat to an island in the lake, upon which he lives. After searching around for a while asking aloud "where is it? wheres my precious!?" to which Bilbo replies, "I don't know and I don't care, I just want to get out of here", Gollum becomes suspicious, gets in his boat, and starts paddling back across the lake towards Bilbo. Gollum is unable to find the one weapon he could use to betray and kill Bilbo, a magic ring that makes its wearer invisible; driven by rage, Gollum starts to realize the real answer to Bilbo's previous question "What have I got in my pocket?". Bilbo realises his life is in mortal danger and makes his escape down the maze of pitch black tunnels, and Gollum gives chase. Bilbo trips, and finds the ring on his finger. Realising he has no chance to escape his pursuer, he stays where he is and prepares to meet his fate, but Gollum runs right over him. Bilbo realises the ring makes him invisible. He manages to escape past Gollum, who has gone to guard the only exit, and finds his way to the surface where he rejoins the Dwarves.<br />
<br />
Descending from the [[Misty Mountains]], they survive an encounter with [[Wargs]] (wild wolf creatures) by climbing trees. Eagles rescue them. Then they meet [[Beorn]], a man who can transform into a bear. They depart, having rested for several days. Gandalf leaves soon on an errand. The party traverses the great forest [[Mirkwood]], eventually running out of supplies. Gandalf had warned them not to leave the path, but they saw fire and heard singing, so, hopeless, they leave the path to beg food from [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]], only to get lost. They are captured by giant spiders, but Bilbo rescues the Dwarves by becoming invisible and killing many spiders with Sting. Elves then capture the Dwarves and imprison them, but Bilbo manages to sneak into the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]]'s palace unnoticed using the ring; he then helps the Dwarves escape in barrels floated down the river.[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves (II).jpg|thumb|200px|''Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
<br />
After staying for a short period of time at [[Lake-town]], the treasure-seekers proceed to the Lonely Mountain. Finding themselves unable to locate the secret door, the company sit down disconsolate on a cliff. Hearing a thrush knocking on a stone, Bilbo looks up just in time to see the last rays of the Sun of [[Durin's Day]], shining on the cliff wall, to magically reveal the secret door (as was foretold by [[moon-letters]] upon a map that the company was in possession of). Bilbo is sent down to encounter Smaug. The dragon, realising the Company received help from the people of Laketown, sets out to destroy it. However, the thrush that had been knocking on the stone, was no ordinary bird but of an ancient race with whom the men of the lake could communicate, and it had heard Bilbo's report to the dwarves, that Smaug had a bare patch on his belly that could be used to slaughter him, if only you could get close enough. It conveyed this message to one [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]], who seeing the bare patch in the belly of Smaug, despatched the dragon with a single arrow, thus allowing the party of Dwarves to take possession of the treasure.<br />
<br />
The citizens of Laketown arrive to make historical claims and demand compensation for the help they had rendered, as well as reparations for the damage Smaug inflicted during his attack. They're joined by the Elves, who also demand a share based on historical claims. The Dwarves refuse all negotiations and in turn summon kin from the north to strengthen their position. Seeing no other way to avert a war, Bilbo uses the ring to steal the prized [[Arkenstone]] from the Dwarves, which he uses to broker peace.<br />
<br />
Just as a grudging truce is agreed to, the three armies at the Lonely Mountain (Elves, Men and Dwarves) are attacked by [[Orcs|Goblins]] and [[Wargs]] from the Misty Mountains. A bitter battle ensues, named the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. Though suffering heavy losses, Elves, Men and Dwarves prevail. The treasure is apportioned. Bilbo refuses most of the riches, realising he has no way to bring them back home; he nevertheless takes enough with him to make himself a wealthy hobbit and live happily thereafter, unaware of the dangerous nature of his [[The One Ring|ring]].<br />
<br />
==Conception==<br />
Tolkien recollects in a 1955 letter to [[W.H. Auden]] (''Letters'', [[Letter 163|no. 163]]) that, in the late 1920s, when he was Professor of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] at [[Pembroke College]], ''The Hobbit'' began when he was marking School Certificate papers, on the back of one of which he wrote the words "In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit". He did not go any further than that at the time, although in the following years he drew up Thrór's map, outlining the geography of the tale. The tale itself he wrote in the early 1930s, and it was eventually published because he lent it to the Reverend Mother of Cherwell Edge when she was sick with the flu; while the Reverend Mother was in possession of the manuscript, it was seen by the 10-year old son of Sir Stanley Unwin, [[Rayner Unwin]], who wrote such an enthusiastic review of the book that it was published by [[Allen and Unwin]].<br />
<br />
Tolkien introduced or mentioned characters and places that figured prominently in his legendarium, specifically [[Elrond]] and [[Gondolin]], along with elements from Germanic legend. But the decision that the events of ''The Hobbit'' could belong to the same universe as ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was made only after successful publication, when the publisher asked for a sequel. Accordingly, ''The Hobbit'' serves both as an introduction to Middle-Earth and as a link between earlier and later events described in ''The Silmarillion'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'', respectively.<br />
<br />
Although a fairy tale, the novel is both complex and sophisticated: it contains many names and words derived from Norse mythology, and central plot elements from the ''[[Beowulf]]'' epic, it makes use of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] [[Runes]], information on calendars and moon phases, and detailed geographical descriptions that fit well with the accompanying maps. Near the end, the tale takes on epic proportions.<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
During his time as a professor at the [[University of Oxford]] Tolkien studied Anglo-Saxon. One of the Anglo-Saxon pieces of literature he studied is the epic poem ''[[Beowulf]]'', about which he wrote essays such as ''[[The Monsters and the Critics]]''. Interesting parallels can be found between ''The Hobbit'' and ''Beowulf''.<br />
<br />
The plots of the two stories are very similar. In both of them a party of 13 sets out to seek satisfaction for a crime committed by a dragon. Both parties contain a thief, which in ''The Hobbit'' is Bilbo, who steals a cup from the sleeping dragon's hoard by using a secret passage. Both dragons then awake from their deep slumber and cause terror and destruction. Both dragons are well protected by their armour, a natural one in ''Beowulf'' and one made of gold and diamonds in ''The Hobbit'', but finally they are killed.<br />
<br />
But not only the plots share similarities, both main characters, Bilbo and Beowulf, share characteristics. Both heroes defy their enemies with their supernatural power, which in Bilbo's case is the ring and in Beowulf's case is his supernatural strength. While Beowulf has the help of God, Bilbo often prevails because of his sheer luck. Both are of noble ancestry and both get separated from their group, Bilbo in the mountains, Beowulf when he is captured by Grendel's mother.<br />
<br />
Additionally some elements of Anglo-Saxon culture can be found. In both books a king, which in Anglo-Saxon sometimes is called ring or gold giver, awards his warriors with treasures and war gear. In Anglo-Saxon culture poems are important, as they contain the people's history and they are sung by scops. Two of these songs are found in ''Beowulf'' and more in ''The Hobbit''. Tolkien's dwarves particularly mirror Anglo-Saxon society, both in their warrior nature and in their desire for jewelry and war gear. The dwarven writing system, or [[Cirth]], also has clear influences from Anglo-Saxon runic alphabets such as ''Futhark''.<br />
<br />
==Publications and editions==<br />
George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London published the [[The Hobbit 1st edition|first edition of ''The Hobbit'']] on [[21 September]] [[1937]]. It was illustrated with many black-and-white drawings by Tolkien himself. The original printing numbered a mere 1,500 copies and sold out by [[15 December]] that same year due to enthusiastic reviews. Houghton Mifflin of Boston and New York prepared an American edition to be released early in 1938 in which four of the illustrations would be colour plates. Allen & Unwin decided to incorporate the colour illustrations into their second printing, released at the end of 1937.<ref>{{webcite|author=Laura Massey|articleurl=http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/blog/2012/01/identifying-collecting-tolkien-first-editions/|articlename=Identifying & Collecting Tolkien First Editions|dated=9 January 2012|website=[http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/ PeterHarrington.co.uk]|accessed=12 January 2012}}</ref> Despite the book's popularity, wartime conditions forced the London publisher to print small runs of the remaining two printings of the first edition.<br />
<br />
As remarked above, Tolkien substantially revised ''The Hobbit'''s text describing Bilbo's dealings with Gollum in order to blend the story better into what ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' had become. This revision became the second edition, published in 1951 in both UK and American editions. Slight corrections to the text have appeared in the third (1966) and fourth editions (1978).<br />
<br />
New [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|English-language editions of ''The Hobbit'']] spring up often, despite the book's age, with [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|at least fifty editions]] having been published to date. Each comes from a different publisher or bears distinctive cover art, internal art, or substantial changes in format. The text of each generally adheres to the Allen & Unwin edition extant at the time it is published.<br />
<br />
The remarkable and enduring popularity of ''The Hobbit'' expresses itself in the collectors' market. The first printing of the first English language edition rarely sells for under $10,000 US dollars in any whole condition, and clean copies in original dust jackets signed by the author are routinely advertised for over $100,000. Online auction site eBay tends to define the market value for those who collect ''The Hobbit''.<br />
<br />
''The Hobbit'' has been translated into many languages. Known languages, with the first date of publishing, are:<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
* Breton (2000)<br />
* Belarusian (2002)<br />
* Bulgarian (1975)<br />
* Catalan (1983)<br />
* Chinese (Traditional characters,1996; new translation 2001)<br />
* Czech (1973)<br />
* Danish (1969)<br />
* Dutch (1960)<br />
* Esperanto (2000, ''[[La hobito]]'')<br />
* Estonian (1977)<br />
* Faroese (1990)<br />
* Finnish (1973)<br />
* French (1969)<br />
* Frisian (2009)<br />
* Galician (2000)<br />
* German (1957; new translation 1997)<br />
* Greek (1978)<br />
* Hebrew (1976)<br />
* Hungarian (1975)<br />
* Icelandic (1978)<br />
|<br />
* Irish (forthcoming)<br />
* Indonesian (1977)<br />
* Italian (1973)<br />
* Japanese (1965)<br />
* Latvia ( 1990) <br />
* Lithuanian (1985)<br />
* Norwegian (1972)<br />
* Persian (1383 = 2004)<br />
* Polish (1960; new translations 1997 and 2002)<br />
* Portuguese (1962)<br />
* Romanian (1975, [[O poveste cu un hobbit (1975)|''O poveste cu un hobbit'']])<br />
* Russian (1976: [[Tolkien Through Russian Eyes | 9 different translations total]])<br />
* Serbo-Croatian (1975)<br />
* Slovak (1973)<br />
* Spanish (1964)<br />
* Swedish (1947, ''[[Hompen]]''; new translation 1962)<br />
* Thai (2002)<br />
* Turkish (1996)<br />
* Ukrainian (1985) <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Adaptations==<br />
''The Hobbit'' has been adapted for other media. [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]] broadcast [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' radio drama]], adapted by [[Michael Kilgarriff]], in eight parts (4 hours) from September to November [[1968]], which starred [[Anthony Jackson]] as narrator, [[Paul Daneman]] as Bilbo and [[Heron Carvic]] as Gandalf.<br />
<br />
[[Middle-earth]] has been featured in songs notably by [[Enya]] and the [[Brobdingnagian Bards]]. [[Led Zeppelin]]'s songs "Misty Mountain Hop" and "Ramble On" both contain references to Tolkien's mystical world. For ''The Hobbit'' itself, "The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins", performed by [[Leonard Nimoy]] as part of his 1968 ''Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy'' album, is the most pertinent because it recounts the book's storyline in its two minutes. The ballad's music video became a minor Internet meme in the early 2000s when ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]'' movies were released.<br />
<br />
In 1974, Argo Records released an audio adaption of the Hobbit, with Nicol Williamson providing the voices for all the characters in the book. It was an abridged adaption, as Williamson re-edited the original script, removing many "he said", "she said" and so on, preferring instead to rely on his vocal characteristics to convey who was saying what to whom, feeling that this would keep the audience engrossed in the story rather than slowing the overall pace.<br />
<br />
An [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|animated version]] of the story debuted as a television movie in the United States in [[1977]]. <br />
<br />
The [[David T. Wenzel's The Hobbit|"Graphic Novel" adaptation of ''The Hobbit'']] by [[David T. Wenzel]] is one of the most successful graphic format adaptations of a piece of classic literature. <br />
<br />
Several computer and video games, both official and unofficial, have been based on the story. One of the first was ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|The Hobbit]]'', a computer game developed in [[1982]] by Beam Software and published by Melbourne House for most computers available at the time, from the more popular computers such as the ZX Spectrum, and the Commodore 64, through to such esoteric computers as the Dragon 32 and Oric computers. By arrangement with publishers, a copy of the novel was included with each game sold.<br />
<br />
Vivendi Universal Games published ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit: Prelude to The Lord of the Rings]]'' in 2003 for Windows PCs, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. It is a hack and slash game produced as a prequel to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' video games, but also as a softer version of those two games: less brutal, fewer enemies but with an important platform aspect, the game was designed for smaller children. A similar version of this game was also published for the Game Boy Advance.<br />
<br />
Filming on [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]] began in 2011, under the direction of [[Peter Jackson]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[The Quest of Erebor]]<br />
*[[English-language editions of The Hobbit]]<br />
*[[:Category:Characters in The Hobbit|Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.hobbit.ca/Library.html collection of edition covers, 1937&ndash;2005]<br />
* [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/html/the_hobbit.htm Every UK edition of The Hobbit]<br />
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/reviews/dutch-de_hobbit.htm Every Dutch edition of The Hobbit]<br />
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/translations/hobbits/index.htm Hobbits around the globe - gallery]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Hobbit''}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbit}}<br />
[[Category:Fiction books]]<br />
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
[[Category:Publications by title]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Der kleine Hobbit]]<br />
[[fa:هابیت (کتاب)]]<br />
[[fi:Hobitti eli Sinne ja takaisin]]<br />
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/bh]]</div>Radagast the Brownhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Hobbit&diff=186746The Hobbit2012-02-23T09:17:31Z<p>Radagast the Brown: /* Adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Countdown}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{disambig-more|There and Back Again|[[There and Back Again (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{book<br />
|title=The Hobbit<br />
|image=[[Image:The Hobbit (1937).png|225px]]<br />
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
|publisher=[[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]]; [[Houghton Mifflin]]<br />
|date=[[21 September]] [[1937]]; [[1938]]<br />
|format=<br />
|pages=<br />
|isbn=<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Hobbit, or There and Back Again''''', better known as '''''The Hobbit''''', is the first of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien]] published books set within [[Arda]]. It was first published on [[21 September]] [[1937]] by [[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]] in the United Kingdom, and was subsequently followed by the publication of Tolkien's ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in [[1954]] and [[1955]].<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
{{hchapters}}<br />
[[Image:Donato Giancola - The Hobbit - Expulsion.jpg|thumb|left|220px|''The Hobbit'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit, is smoking in his porchway one day when Gandalf the Wizard visits him. After a lengthy discussion, during which Bilbo uses the phrase "Good Morning" several times, in several different ways, Bilbo, finding himself flustered, invites Gandalf to tea, and goes back inside his hobbit hole with a final "Good Morning". Gandalf scratches a secret mark on Bilbo's front door, which translated means 'Burglar wants a good job, plenty of excitement and reasonable reward'. Thirteen Dwarves ([[Thorin]], [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Dwalin]], [[Balin]], [[Bifur]], [[Kíli]], [[Fíli]], [[Bofur]], [[Dori]], [[Bombur]], [[Nori]], and [[Ori]]) show up and begin excitedly discussing their planned treasure hunt while the hapless Bilbo provides the obligatory hospitality. After the dwarves clean up their mess, a map is produced and Gandalf arranges for Bilbo to get the burglary job&mdash;as well as to break the unlucky number 13. The company's quest: kill [[Smaug]], the [[Dragons|dragon]] who seized the [[Lonely Mountain]] (Erebor) from the Dwarves' forefathers, and, using a secret door into the mountain, recapture it, dividing the riches within its halls.<br />
<br />
The next morning, after oversleeping and nearly missing the start of the journey, Bilbo goes off with the Dwarves. They are nearly eaten by three [[Trolls]], but Gandalf tricks the trolls into staying up all night whereupon they are turned into stone by the first light of dawn. (The stone trolls appear later in ''The Lord of the Rings''.) In the troll's cave they find some swords. Bilbo acquires [[Sting]], which glows blue in the presence of [[Orcs|Goblins]] (another name for [[Orcs]]).<br />
<br />
The party travels to [[Rivendell]] where they enjoy the hospitality of the [[Elves]], then proceed eastwards towards the [[Misty Mountains]]. There they are ambushed by goblins (Orcs), and carried under the mountain. They run away, and during the escape Bilbo loses the Dwarves. Alone in the dark after running away from the goblins, Bilbo finds a [[The One Ring|ring]] on the floor of a cave passage and puts it into his pocket. <br />
<br />
Continuing down, he finds himself at the shore of an underground lake. [[Gollum]] quietly paddles up in his boat, and the two enact the [[Riddle-game]], under the condition that if Bilbo wins, Gollum will show him the way out, but if he loses, Gollum will eat Bilbo. After several [[Riddles]], which each manages to answer, Bilbo, whilst fiddling in his pocket unable to think of a riddle, asks himself aloud "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum thinks this is supposed to be the next riddle, and as it doesn't comply with the rules of the riddle game, demands three guesses; in the end he fails to guess the answer. Bilbo demands his reward, but Gollum refuses and paddles off in his boat to an island in the lake, upon which he lives. After searching around for a while asking aloud "where is it? wheres my precious!?" to which Bilbo replies, "I don't know and I don't care, I just want to get out of here", Gollum becomes suspicious, gets in his boat, and starts paddling back across the lake towards Bilbo. Gollum is unable to find the one weapon he could use to betray and kill Bilbo, a magic ring that makes its wearer invisible; driven by rage, Gollum starts to realize the real answer to Bilbo's previous question "What have I got in my pocket?". Bilbo realises his life is in mortal danger and makes his escape down the maze of pitch black tunnels, and Gollum gives chase. Bilbo trips, and finds the ring on his finger. Realising he has no chance to escape his pursuer, he stays where he is and prepares to meet his fate, but Gollum runs right over him. Bilbo realises the ring makes him invisible. He manages to escape past Gollum, who has gone to guard the only exit, and finds his way to the surface where he rejoins the Dwarves.<br />
<br />
Descending from the [[Misty Mountains]], they survive an encounter with [[Wargs]] (wild wolf creatures) by climbing trees. Eagles rescue them. Then they meet [[Beorn]], a man who can transform into a bear. They depart, having rested for several days. Gandalf leaves soon on an errand. The party traverses the great forest [[Mirkwood]], eventually running out of supplies. Gandalf had warned them not to leave the path, but they saw fire and heard singing, so, hopeless, they leave the path to beg food from [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]], only to get lost. They are captured by giant spiders, but Bilbo rescues the Dwarves by becoming invisible and killing many spiders with Sting. Elves then capture the Dwarves and imprison them, but Bilbo manages to sneak into the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]]'s palace unnoticed using the ring; he then helps the Dwarves escape in barrels floated down the river.[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves (II).jpg|thumb|200px|''Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
<br />
After staying for a short period of time at [[Lake-town]], the treasure-seekers proceed to the Lonely Mountain. Finding themselves unable to locate the secret door, the company sit down disconsolate on a cliff. Hearing a thrush knocking on a stone, Bilbo looks up just in time to see the last rays of the Sun of [[Durin's Day]], shining on the cliff wall, to magically reveal the secret door (as was foretold by [[moon-letters]] upon a map that the company was in possession of). Bilbo is sent down to encounter Smaug. The dragon, realising the Company received help from the people of Laketown, sets out to destroy it. However, the thrush that had been knocking on the stone, was no ordinary bird but of an ancient race with whom the men of the lake could communicate, and it had heard Bilbo's report to the dwarves, that Smaug had a bare patch on his belly that could be used to slaughter him, if only you could get close enough. It conveyed this message to one [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]], who seeing the bare patch in the belly of Smaug, despatched the dragon with a single arrow, thus allowing the party of Dwarves to take possession of the treasure.<br />
<br />
The citizens of Laketown arrive to make historical claims and demand compensation for the help they had rendered, as well as reparations for the damage Smaug inflicted during his attack. They're joined by the Elves, who also demand a share based on historical claims. The Dwarves refuse all negotiations and in turn summon kin from the north to strengthen their position. Seeing no other way to avert a war, Bilbo uses the ring to steal the prized [[Arkenstone]] from the Dwarves, which he uses to broker peace.<br />
<br />
Just as a grudging truce is agreed to, the three armies at the Lonely Mountain (Elves, Men and Dwarves) are attacked by [[Orcs|Goblins]] and [[Wargs]] from the Misty Mountains. A bitter battle ensues, named the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. Though suffering heavy losses, Elves, Men and Dwarves prevail. The treasure is apportioned. Bilbo refuses most of the riches, realising he has no way to bring them back home; he nevertheless takes enough with him to make himself a wealthy hobbit and live happily thereafter, unaware of the dangerous nature of his [[The One Ring|ring]].<br />
<br />
==Conception==<br />
Tolkien recollects in a 1955 letter to [[W.H. Auden]] (''Letters'', [[Letter 163|no. 163]]) that, in the late 1920s, when he was Professor of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] at [[Pembroke College]], ''The Hobbit'' began when he was marking School Certificate papers, on the back of one of which he wrote the words "In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit". He did not go any further than that at the time, although in the following years he drew up Thrór's map, outlining the geography of the tale. The tale itself he wrote in the early 1930s, and it was eventually published because he lent it to the Reverend Mother of Cherwell Edge when she was sick with the flu; while the Reverend Mother was in possession of the manuscript, it was seen by the 10-year old son of Sir Stanley Unwin, [[Rayner Unwin]], who wrote such an enthusiastic review of the book that it was published by [[Allen and Unwin]].<br />
<br />
Tolkien introduced or mentioned characters and places that figured prominently in his legendarium, specifically [[Elrond]] and [[Gondolin]], along with elements from Germanic legend. But the decision that the events of ''The Hobbit'' could belong to the same universe as ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was made only after successful publication, when the publisher asked for a sequel. Accordingly, ''The Hobbit'' serves both as an introduction to Middle-Earth and as a link between earlier and later events described in ''The Silmarillion'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'', respectively.<br />
<br />
Although a fairy tale, the novel is both complex and sophisticated: it contains many names and words derived from Norse mythology, and central plot elements from the ''[[Beowulf]]'' epic, it makes use of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] [[Runes]], information on calendars and moon phases, and detailed geographical descriptions that fit well with the accompanying maps. Near the end, the tale takes on epic proportions.<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
During his time as a professor at the [[University of Oxford]] Tolkien studied Anglo-Saxon. One of the Anglo-Saxon pieces of literature he studied is the epic poem ''[[Beowulf]]'', about which he wrote essays such as ''[[The Monsters and the Critics]]''. Interesting parallels can be found between ''The Hobbit'' and ''Beowulf''.<br />
<br />
The plots of the two stories are very similar. In both of them a party of 13 sets out to seek satisfaction for a crime committed by a dragon. Both parties contain a thief, which in ''The Hobbit'' is Bilbo, who steals a cup from the sleeping dragon's hoard by using a secret passage. Both dragons then awake from their deep slumber and cause terror and destruction. Both dragons are well protected by their armour, a natural one in ''Beowulf'' and one made of gold and diamonds in ''The Hobbit'', but finally they are killed.<br />
<br />
But not only the plots share similarities, both main characters, Bilbo and Beowulf, share characteristics. Both heroes defy their enemies with their supernatural power, which in Bilbo's case is the ring and in Beowulf's case is his supernatural strength. While Beowulf has the help of God, Bilbo often prevails because of his sheer luck. Both are of noble ancestry and both get separated from their group, Bilbo in the mountains, Beowulf when he is captured by Grendel's mother.<br />
<br />
Additionally some elements of Anglo-Saxon culture can be found. In both books a king, which in Anglo-Saxon sometimes is called ring or gold giver, awards his warriors with treasures and war gear. In Anglo-Saxon culture poems are important, as they contain the people's history and they are sung by scops. Two of these songs are found in ''Beowulf'' and more in ''The Hobbit''. Tolkien's dwarves particularly mirror Anglo-Saxon society, both in their warrior nature and in their desire for jewelry and war gear. The dwarven writing system, or [[Cirth]], also has clear influences from Anglo-Saxon runic alphabets such as ''Futhark''.<br />
<br />
==Publications and editions==<br />
George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London published the [[The Hobbit 1st edition|first edition of ''The Hobbit'']] on [[21 September]] [[1937]]. It was illustrated with many black-and-white drawings by Tolkien himself. The original printing numbered a mere 1,500 copies and sold out by [[15 December]] that same year due to enthusiastic reviews. Houghton Mifflin of Boston and New York prepared an American edition to be released early in 1938 in which four of the illustrations would be colour plates. Allen & Unwin decided to incorporate the colour illustrations into their second printing, released at the end of 1937.<ref>{{webcite|author=Laura Massey|articleurl=http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/blog/2012/01/identifying-collecting-tolkien-first-editions/|articlename=Identifying & Collecting Tolkien First Editions|dated=9 January 2012|website=[http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/ PeterHarrington.co.uk]|accessed=12 January 2012}}</ref> Despite the book's popularity, wartime conditions forced the London publisher to print small runs of the remaining two printings of the first edition.<br />
<br />
As remarked above, Tolkien substantially revised ''The Hobbit'''s text describing Bilbo's dealings with Gollum in order to blend the story better into what ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' had become. This revision became the second edition, published in 1951 in both UK and American editions. Slight corrections to the text have appeared in the third (1966) and fourth editions (1978).<br />
<br />
New [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|English-language editions of ''The Hobbit'']] spring up often, despite the book's age, with [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|at least fifty editions]] having been published to date. Each comes from a different publisher or bears distinctive cover art, internal art, or substantial changes in format. The text of each generally adheres to the Allen & Unwin edition extant at the time it is published.<br />
<br />
The remarkable and enduring popularity of ''The Hobbit'' expresses itself in the collectors' market. The first printing of the first English language edition rarely sells for under $10,000 US dollars in any whole condition, and clean copies in original dust jackets signed by the author are routinely advertised for over $100,000. Online auction site eBay tends to define the market value for those who collect ''The Hobbit''.<br />
<br />
''The Hobbit'' has been translated into many languages. Known languages, with the first date of publishing, are:<br />
{|-<br />
|<br />
* Breton (2000)<br />
* Belarusian (2002)<br />
* Bulgarian (1975)<br />
* Catalan (1983)<br />
* Chinese (Traditional characters,1996; new translation 2001)<br />
* Czech (1973)<br />
* Danish (1969)<br />
* Dutch (1960)<br />
* Esperanto (2000, ''[[La hobito]]'')<br />
* Estonian (1977)<br />
* Faroese (1990)<br />
* Finnish (1973)<br />
* French (1969)<br />
* Frisian (2009)<br />
* Galician (2000)<br />
* German (1957; new translation 1997)<br />
* Greek (1978)<br />
* Hebrew (1976)<br />
* Hungarian (1975)<br />
* Icelandic (1978)<br />
|<br />
* Irish (forthcoming)<br />
* Indonesian (1977)<br />
* Italian (1973)<br />
* Japanese (1965)<br />
* Latvia ( 1990) <br />
* Lithuanian (1985)<br />
* Norwegian (1972)<br />
* Persian (1383 = 2004)<br />
* Polish (1960; new translations 1997 and 2002)<br />
* Portuguese (1962)<br />
* Romanian (1975, [[O poveste cu un hobbit (1975)|''O poveste cu un hobbit'']])<br />
* Russian (1976: [[Tolkien Through Russian Eyes | 9 different translations total]])<br />
* Serbo-Croatian (1975)<br />
* Slovak (1973)<br />
* Spanish (1964)<br />
* Swedish (1947, ''[[Hompen]]''; new translation 1962)<br />
* Thai (2002)<br />
* Turkish (1996)<br />
* Ukrainian (1985) <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Adaptations==<br />
''The Hobbit'' has been adapted for other media. [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]] broadcast [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' radio drama]], adapted by [[Michael Kilgarriff]], in eight parts (4 hours) from September to November [[1968]], which starred [[Anthony Jackson]] as narrator, [[Paul Daneman]] as Bilbo and [[Heron Carvic]] as Gandalf.<br />
<br />
[[Middle-earth]] has been featured in songs notably by [[Enya]] and the [[Brobdingnagian Bards]]. [[Led Zeppelin]]'s songs "Misty Mountain Hop" and "Ramble On" both contain references to Tolkien's mystical world. For ''The Hobbit'' itself, "The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins", performed by [[Leonard Nimoy]] as part of his 1968 ''Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy'' album, is the most pertinent because it recounts the book's storyline in its two minutes. The ballad's music video became a minor Internet meme in the early 2000s when ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]'' movies were released.<br />
<br />
In 1974, Argo Records released an audio adaption of the Hobbit, with Nicol Williamson providing the voices for all the characters in the book. It was an abridged adaption, as Williamson re-edited the original script, removing many "he said", "she said" and so on, preferring instead to rely on his vocal characteristics to provey who was saying what to whom, feeling that this would keep the audience engrossed in the story rather than slowing the overall pace.<br />
<br />
An [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|animated version]] of the story debuted as a television movie in the United States in [[1977]]. <br />
<br />
The [[David T. Wenzel's The Hobbit|"Graphic Novel" adaptation of ''The Hobbit'']] by [[David T. Wenzel]] is one of the most successful graphic format adaptations of a piece of classic literature. <br />
<br />
Several computer and video games, both official and unofficial, have been based on the story. One of the first was ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|The Hobbit]]'', a computer game developed in [[1982]] by Beam Software and published by Melbourne House for most computers available at the time, from the more popular computers such as the ZX Spectrum, and the Commodore 64, through to such esoteric computers as the Dragon 32 and Oric computers. By arrangement with publishers, a copy of the novel was included with each game sold.<br />
<br />
Vivendi Universal Games published ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit: Prelude to The Lord of the Rings]]'' in 2003 for Windows PCs, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. It is a hack and slash game produced as a prequel to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' video games, but also as a softer version of those two games: less brutal, fewer enemies but with an important platform aspect, the game was designed for smaller children. A similar version of this game was also published for the Game Boy Advance.<br />
<br />
Filming on [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]] began in 2011, under the direction of [[Peter Jackson]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[The Quest of Erebor]]<br />
*[[English-language editions of The Hobbit]]<br />
*[[:Category:Characters in The Hobbit|Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.hobbit.ca/Library.html collection of edition covers, 1937&ndash;2005]<br />
* [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/html/the_hobbit.htm Every UK edition of The Hobbit]<br />
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/reviews/dutch-de_hobbit.htm Every Dutch edition of The Hobbit]<br />
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/translations/hobbits/index.htm Hobbits around the globe - gallery]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Hobbit''}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbit}}<br />
[[Category:Fiction books]]<br />
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]<br />
[[Category:Publications by title]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Der kleine Hobbit]]<br />
[[fa:هابیت (کتاب)]]<br />
[[fi:Hobitti eli Sinne ja takaisin]]<br />
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/bh]]</div>Radagast the Brown