Lenition: Difference between revisions
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'''Lenition''' is a phonological and grammatical aspect of [[Sindarin]] which reflects the phonological mutations of the language in its evolution from [[Old Sindarin]]. | '''Lenition''' is a phonological and grammatical aspect of [[Sindarin]] which reflects the phonological mutations of the language in its evolution from [[Old Sindarin]]. | ||
==Historical background== | ==Historical background== | ||
Lenition refers to the mutation of the consonants occurring between two vowels (VCV). It affected the Old Sindarin sounds '''p, t, k, b, d, g, m''' and '''s'''. | Lenition refers to the mutation of the consonants occurring usually between two vowels (VCV). It affected the Old Sindarin sounds '''p, t, k, b, d, g, m''' and '''s'''. | ||
The sounds '''w, kh''' were lenited only at the beginning of a word. | The sounds '''w, kh''' were lenited only at the beginning of a word. | ||
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*k > g: OS *''a'''k'''ar-'' > S ''[[agar]]'' "blood" | *k > g: OS *''a'''k'''ar-'' > S ''[[agar]]'' "blood" | ||
*b > v: OS *''A'''b'''ar'' > S ''[[Avar]]'' "refuser; Avar" | *b > v: OS *''A'''b'''ar'' > S ''[[Avar]]'' "refuser; Avar" | ||
*d > dh: OS *''ba'''d'''ro'' > S ''[[badhor]]'' "brother" | |||
*g > -: OS *'' | |||
*m > v: OS *''ra'''m'''ia-'' > S ''[[revia-]]'' "to wander" | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.phy.duke.edu/~trenk/elvish/mutations.html Mutations in Sindarin] by [[Thorsten Renk]]; it also covers Lenition. | *[http://www.phy.duke.edu/~trenk/elvish/mutations.html Mutations in Sindarin] by [[Thorsten Renk]]; it also covers Lenition. | ||
Revision as of 16:36, 25 May 2011
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Lenition is a phonological and grammatical aspect of Sindarin which reflects the phonological mutations of the language in its evolution from Old Sindarin.
Historical background
Lenition refers to the mutation of the consonants occurring usually between two vowels (VCV). It affected the Old Sindarin sounds p, t, k, b, d, g, m and s.
The sounds w, kh were lenited only at the beginning of a word.
More specifically, the evolution of these sounds can be visualized in these examples:
- p > b: OS *capro > S cabor "frog"
- t > d: OS *atar > S adar "father"
- k > g: OS *akar- > S agar "blood"
- m > v: OS *ramia- > S revia- "to wander"
External links
- Mutations in Sindarin by Thorsten Renk; it also covers Lenition.
- Soft mutation from the Ardalambion article on Sindarin by Helge Fauskanger
